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Smarta
Smarta (Dewanagari: स्मार्त; ,IAST: Smārta, स्मार्त) atau Smarta-sampradaya adalah aliran ortodoks atau sekte Hindu yang digagas kaum brahmana yang mengikuti Sanmata. Istilah Smarta digunakan untuk merujuk kepada golongan brahmana tertentu yang mahir tentang smerti, atau yang mengakui smerti sebagai teks paling sahih.
Pada umumnya, umat Smarta memuja Tuhan dalam enam wujud: Ganesa, Siwa, Sakti, Wisnu, Surya, dan Skanda. Karena aliran ini menerima segala dewa-dewi Hindu yang utama, aliran ini dikenal sebagai Hindu liberal atau non-sektarian. Umatnya mengikuti jalan filosofis dan meditasi, yang menekankan persatuan manusia dengan Tuhan melalui kesadaran.[4] Aliran ini tidak terlalu bersifat sekte sebagaimana Waisnawa atau Saiwa, dan menganut asas keyakinan bahwa Brahman adalah prinsip tertinggi dalam alam semesta dan meliputi segala sesuatu yang ada.[5][6][7]
Referensi
Daftar pustaka
- Basham, Arthur Llewellyn (1991), The Origins and Development of Classical Hinduism, Oxford University Press
- Collins, Charles Dillard (1988), The Iconography and Ritual of Śiva at elephanta, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0
- Comans, Michael (2000), The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
- Cousins, L.S. (2010), Buddhism. In: "The Penguin Handbook of the World's Living Religions", Penguin
- Doniger, Wendy (1999), Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, Merriam-Webster
- Espin, Orlando O.; Nickoloff, James B. (2007), An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies, Liturgical Press
- Flood, Gavin (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Fort, Andrew O. (1998), Jivanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta, SUNY Press
- Goyal, S. R. (1984), A Religious History of Ancient India. Volume 2, Meerut, India: Kusumanjali Prakashan
- Hiltebeitel, Alf (2013), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
- Larson, Gerald James (2009), Hinduism. In: "World Religions in America: An Introduction", Westminster John Knox Press
- Lochtefeld, James G. (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z, The Rosen Publishing Group
- Minor, Rober Neil (1987), Radhakrishnan: A Religious Biography, SUNY Press
- Morris, Brian (2006), Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction, Cambridge University Press
- Nath, Vijay (2001), "From 'Brahmanism' to 'Hinduism': Negotiating the Myth of the Great Tradition", Social Scientist 2001, pp. 19-50
- Popular Prakashan (2000), Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5, Popular Prakashan
- Raju, P.T. (1992), The Philosophical Traditions of India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
- Renard, Philip (2010), Non-Dualisme. De directe bevrijdingsweg, Cothen: Uitgeverij Juwelenschip
- Rosen, Steven (2006), Essential Hinduism, Greenwood Publishing Group
- Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000), History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature: From the Earliest Beginnings to Our Own Times, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
- Thapar, Romula (2003), The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300, Penguin Books India
- Vaitheespara, Ravi (2010), Forging a Tamil caste: Maraimalai Adigal (1876-1950) and the discourcse of caste and ritual in colonial Tamilnadu. In: Bergunder e.a. (editors), "Ritual, Caste, and Religion in Colonial South India", Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
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