Sindrom Sheehan

Sindrom Sheehan
Informasi umum
SpesialisasiEndokrinologi, obstetrics and gynaecology Sunting ini di Wikidata

Sindrom Sheehan, yang juga dikenal sebagai Sindrom Simmond, atau nekrosis kelenjar hipofisis postpartum, merupakan hipopituitarisme (penurunan fungsi dari kelenjar hipofisis), akibat dari nekrosis iskemik setelah perdarahan dan syok hipovolemik selama dan setelah proses melahirkan.[1]

Insidensi

Pada penelitian yang dilakukan pada 1034 orang dewasa yang mengalami gejala, sindrom Sheehan merupakan salah satu dari enam penyebab paling sering defisiensi hormon pertumbuhan, yang bertanggung jawab pada 3,1% kasus.[2]

Penyebab

Penyakit ini merupakan komplikasi yang jarang dari suatu kehamilan, yang biasanya terjadi setelah kehilangan darah yang berlebihan. Adanya DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) (misalnya, pada emboli cairan amnion atau sindrom HELLP) juga tampak berperan pada penyakit ini.

Gejala

Gejala paling umum dari sindrom Sheehan's adalah agalaktore (ketiadaan laktasi) dan/atau kesulitan pada saat laktasi.Banyak perempuan juga melaporkan adanya amenore atau oligomenore setelah melahirkan. Pada beberapa kasus, wanita dengan sindrom Sheehan mungkin saja tak bergejala, dan diagnosis tidak ditetapkan hingga beberapa tahun, dengan adanya defisiensi hipofisis. Defisiensi gonadotropin akan sering menyebabkan amenore, oligomenore, hot flushes, atau penurunan libido.[3]

Sindrom Sheehan dapat tampak tiba-tiba setelah melahirkan dengan gejala utama adalah hiponatremia. Kadar kalium dalam darah dapat normal, karena fungsi adrenal untuk memproduksi aldosteron tidak tergantung pada hipofisis.

Referensi

  1. ^ First Aid for the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship, p. 226, PITUITARY (HYPOESTROGENIC AMENORRHEA)
  2. ^ Abs R, Bengtsson B-Å, Hernberg-Stahl E, Monson JP, Tauber JP, Wilton P & Wuster C. GH replacement in 1034 growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults: demographic and clinical characteristics, dosing and safety. Clinical Endocrinology 1999 50 703–713.
  3. ^ Schrager S, Sabo L. Sheehan syndrome: a rare complication of postpartum hemorrhage. J Am Board Fam Pract vol 14. 5 p.389–91 (2001)

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