Rumpun bahasa Hindi Barat

Hindi Barat
Dituturkan diIndia, Pakistan
WilayahBraj, Bundelkhand, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh Barat
EtnisBraji, Bundeli, Haryanvi
Penutur
sekitar 272 juta di India dan Pakistan
Bentuk awal
Kode bahasa
ISO 639-3
LINGUIST List
LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi
whin
Glottologwest2812[1]
Lokasi penuturan
  Persebaran geografis rumpun bahasa Hindi Barat
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Rumpun bahasa Hindi Barat adalah cabang dari rumpun bahasa Indo-Arya yang terutama dituturkan di Haryana, Uttar Pradesh Barat dan daerah Bundelkhand di Madhya Pradesh, di India Barat Laut dan Tengah. Rumpun bahasa Hindi Barat berkembang dari Sauraseni Prakrit.[2] Bahasa yang paling banyak dituturkan dalam rumpun bahasa Hindia Barat adalah bahasa Hindi Baku (secara umum hanya dirujuk sebagai 'Hindi'), sebagai salah satu bahasa resmi Pemerintah India (satunya lagi adalah bahasa Inggris) dan salah satu dari 22 Bahasa Terjadwal di India.

Jangkauan geografis

Rumpun bahasa Hindi Barat lebih tersebar luas dan lebih banyak dituturkan daripada Hindi Timur. Rumpun bahasa Hindi Barat dituturkan di India, Pakistan, Fiji dan Karibia. Di India, bahasa ini terutama dituturkan di Uttar Pradesh Barat, di daerah Bundelkhand dan daerah Braj di Madhya Pradesh tengah, Delhi, Haryana dan kantong-kantong di daerah Deccan. Di Pakistan, bahasa ini dituturkan oleh Muhajir (imigran India ke Pakistan setelah Pemisahan). Selain daripada itu, bahasa Hindustan menjadi bahasa perantara di daerah besar di Pakistan dan India Utara (Sabuk Hindi) dan bahasa dagang di Andaman dan Arunachal Pradesh. Sebuah versi dari bahasa Hindustan yang terpengaruh banyak oleh bahasa Magadhi, Maithili dan Bhojpuri, disebut bahasa Hindi Bihar dituturkan di Patna dan beberapa kawasan urban lainnya di Bihar. Versi lainnya yang dipengaruhi oleh bahasa Marathi, disebut bahasa Hindi Bombay dituturkan di Mumbai dan daerah urban di sebelahnya di Maharashtra.

Bahasa dan dialek

Referensi

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Hindi Barat". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  2. ^ Zograph, G.A. (8 March 2023). Languages of South Asia: A guide. ISBN 9781000831658. Numerically, the content of the Central Group of the Indo-Aryan languages has been very variously assessed by different researchers: Chatterji sees in it one language while Grierson enumerated six. Strictly speaking, the core of this group is represented not by languages at all, but by a number of closely related dialects-Braj, Kanauji and Bundell, which together with Khari Boli and Hariani, can be lumped under the common title 'Western Hindi'. The last-mentioned two dialects which occupy the north-western corner of the area covered by Hindi, display a number of common features with Panjabi, which in its turn can be seen as a transitional link with the most typical representative of the North Western group – Lahnda.
    Closely connected with the dialects of the 'Western Hindi' group are Awadhi, Bagheli and Chattisgarhi, which come under the heading of 'Eastern Hindi'. Linguistically, these can be regarded as a transitional stage between the Central [= Western Hindi] and the Eastern groups of languages [= Eastern Indo-Aryan]. The 'intermediate' character of this group of dialects seems to have taken shape as far back as the Old Indo-Aryan period. The Middle Indo-Aryan forerunner of the contemporary Eastern Hindi dialects was the Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, which was a transitional form between Sauraseni and Magadhi; the present-day Central dialects go back to Sauraseni, while the languages of the Eastern group derive from Magadhi
     
  3. ^ Templat:Linguistic Survey of India

Catatan

  1. ^ Bedakan dengan rumpun bahasa Bihari, sekelompok bahasa Indo-Arya Timur.

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