Reformasi penetapan harga lingkungan

Reformasi penetapan harga lingkungan adalah reformasi penetapan harga lingkungan adalah kebijakan fiskal yang menyesuaikan harga pasar dengan memperhitungkan biaya dan manfaat lingkungan. Hal ini dicapai dengan memanfaatkan segala bentuk perpajakan atau subsidi untuk memberikan insentif atau disinsentif terhadap praktik-praktik yang berdampak pada lingkungan.[1]

Eksternalitas (sejenis kegagalan pasar) terjadi ketika harga pasar mengabaikan biaya dan/atau manfaat lingkungan. Dalam situasi seperti ini, keputusan ekonomi yang rasional (untuk kepentingan pribadi) dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan, serta distorsi dan inefisiensi ekonomi. Reformasi penetapan harga lingkungan bisa bersifat ekonomi secara luas atau lebih fokus (misalnya spesifik pada suatu sektor seperti pembangkit listrik atau pertambangan) atau isu lingkungan tertentu (seperti perubahan iklim). Sebuah “ instrumen berbasis pasar ” atau “instrumen ekonomi untuk perlindungan lingkungan" adalah salah satu contoh dari Reformasi Penetapan Harga Lingkungan.

Referensi

  1. ^ Chaturvedi, Ashish; Saluja, Manjeet S.; Banerjee, Abhijit; Arora, Rachna (2014-09-01). "Environmental fiscal reforms". IIMB Management Review. 26 (3): 193–205. doi:10.1016/j.iimb.2014.06.004. ISSN 0970-3896. 

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