RNA transfer

tRNA. Berbentuk daun semanggi (tangkai dengan tiga jari).[1] Pada ujung 3' terdapat rangkaian basa ACC yang merupakan penerima asam amino (acceptor stem), dan di simpul yang berlawanan merupakan simpul antikodon (anticodon loop) untuk membaca kodon mRNA.[1]

Transfer RNA (transfer-Ribonucleic acid) atau asam ribonukleat transfer adalah molekul yang menginterpretasikan pesan genetik berupa serangkaian kodon di sepanjang molekul mRNA dengan cara mentransfer asam-asam amino ke ribosom dalam proses translasi.[2] Dengan kata lain, tRNA merupakan molekul pembawa asam-asam amino yang akan disambungkan menjadi rantai polipeptida.[3] Hal ini karena kemampuan tRNA dalam membentuk kompleks dengan asam-asam amino.[1] Asam amino yang dibawa tRNA spesifik, oleh karena itu ada sekitar 20 macam tRNA yang masing-masing membawa asam amino yang spesifik karena di alam ada sekitar 20 asam amino yang menyusun protein.[3] Asam amino yang dibawa oleh tRNA sesuai dengan antikodon yang merupakan komplemen dari kodon mRNA dan akan berpasangan secara antiparalel saat translasi.[1] Saat translasi, dua molekul tRNA akan menempel pada ribosom untuk satu molekul mRNA, dan dua asam amino yang dibawa oleh kedua tRNA tersebut akan dirangkaikan menjadi polipeptida.[1] Inilah prinsip sintesis rantai polipeptida.[1] tRNA ialah salah satu dari molekul-molekul RNA selain mRNA dan rRNA yang dimiliki oleh semua organisme seluler dan berperan dalam ekspresi gen.[1] tRNA dan rRNA adalah molekul RNA yang bukan genom (bukan molekul yang diterjemahkan).[1] Struktur primer tRNA merupakan rantai nukleotida linear dengan ukuran panjang 73 sampai 93 nukleotida dengan berat molekul total antara 25 sampai 30 kilo dalton.[1] Pada molekul tRNA terdapat jenis-jenis basa yang tidak umum atau termodifikasi.[1] Misalnya pseudourasil dan dihidrourasil yang merupakan modifikasi dari basa urasil.[1]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jusuf M. 2001. Genetika I: Struktur dan Ekspresi Gen. Jakarta: Sagung Seto
  2. ^ Campbell NA, Reece BJ, Mitchell LG. 2002. Biologi. Jakarta: Erlangga
  3. ^ a b Yuwono T. 2005. Biologi Molekuler. Jakarta: Erlangga.

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