|
Orang Armenia Amerika
Armenia Amerika (bahasa Armenia: ամերիկահայեր, amerikahayer) adalah warga atau penduduk Amerika Serikat yang memiliki keturunan Armenia murni atau belasteran. Mereka membentuk komunitas diaspora Armenia terbesar kedua setelah Armenia Rusia.[1] Arus besar pertama imigrasi Armenia ke Amerika Serikat terjadi pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20. Ribuan orang Armenia bermukim di Amerika Serikat setelah pembantaian Hamidia pada pertengahan 1890an, pembantaian Adana tahun 1909, dan genosida Armenia tahun 1915–1918 di Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah. Sejak 1950an, banyak orang Armenia dari Timur Tengah (khususnya dari Lebanon, Suriah, Iran, Irak, Mesir dan Turki) bermigrasi ke Amerika akibat ketidakstabilan politik di wilayah tersebut.
Referensi
- ^ Embassy of the United States, Yerevan (1 June 2004). "WikiLeaks: U.S. Ambassadors 'Decipher' Armenian American Diaspora". Armenian Weekly. Diakses tanggal 31 January 2013.
Of the estimated 8-10 million people living outside the Republic of Armenia who consider themselves "Armenians," the GOAM [Government of Armenia] and major Armenian cultural and advocacy organizations estimate that 1.5-2 million live in the United States. This number ranks second after the estimated 2 to 2.5 million Armenians that live most of the year in Russia or other CIS Countries.
Daftar pustaka
- Adalian, Rouben Paul (2010). Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7450-3.
- Avakian, Arra S. (1977). The Armenians in America. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. ISBN 0-8225-0228-3.
- Peroomian, Rubina; Avakian, Knarik (2003). "Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ (ԱՄՆ) [United States of America (USA)]". Dalam Ayvazyan, Hovhannes. Հայ Սփյուռք հանրագիտարան [Encyclopedia of Armenian Diaspora] (dalam bahasa Armenia). 1. Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopedia. hlm. 33–85. ISBN 5-89700-020-4.
- Bakalian, Anny (1993). Armenian Americans: From Being to Feeling Armenian. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-025-2.
- Malcom, M. Vartan (1919). The Armenians in America. Boston: Pilgrim Press. ISBN 1-112-12699-6.
- Sabagh, Georges; Bozorgmehr, Mehdi; Der-Martirosian, Claudia (1990). Subethnicity: Armenians in Los Angeles. Institute for Social Science Research, University of California Los Angeles.
- Samkian, Artineh (2007). Constructing Identities, Perceiving Lives: Armenian High School Students' Perceptions of Identity and Education. ISBN 978-0-549-48257-4.
- Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm, The Polish Experience Through World War II: A Better Day Has Not Come, Foreword: Neal Pease; Lanham MD: Lexington Books, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7391-7819-5; 2015, ISBN 978-1-4985-1083-7.
Bacaan tambahan
- Armenians in America: celebrating the first century. Boston: Armenian Assembly of America. 1987. ISBN 978-0-925428-02-8.
- Apkarian-Russell, Pamela E. Armenians of Worcester. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2000.
- Atamian, Sarkis (1955). Armenian Community. Philosophical Library. ISBN 978-0-8022-0043-3.
- Jendian, Matthew A. (2008). Becoming American, Remaining Ethnic: The Case of Armenian-Americans in Central California. New York: LFB Scholarly Pub. ISBN 9781593322618.
- Jordan, Robert Paul and Harry Naltchayan. The Proud Armenians, National Geographic 153, no. 6 (June 1978), pp. 846–873.
- Kernaklian, Paul (1967). The Armenian-American Personality Structure and Its Relationship to Various States of Ethnicity. Syracuse University. OCLC 5419847.
- Kulhanjian, Gary A. (1975). The historical and sociological aspects of Armenian immigration to the United States 1890–1930. San Francisco: R and E Research Associates. ISBN 978-0-88247-309-3.
- LaPiere, Richard (1930). Armenian settlement in Fresno County. Stanford University. OCLC 20332780.
- Mirak, Robert (1976). Armenian Immigrants: Alive and Well in the New World. Boston: Armenian Bicentennial Committee of Massachusetts. OCLC 733944190.
- Mirak, Robert (1983). Torn between Two Lands: Armenians in America, 1890 to World War I. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-89540-9.
- O'Grady, Ingrid Poschmann (1979). Ararat, Etchmiadzin, and Haig (nation, church and kin): a study of the symbol system of American Armenians. The Catholic University of America. OCLC 23314470.
- Phillips, Jenny (1989). Symbol, myth, and rhetoric: the politics of culture in an Armenian American population. New York: AMS Press. ISBN 978-0-404-19433-8.
- Takooshian, Harold. "Armenian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 151–164. online
- Mirak, Robert. "Armenians." in Thernstrom, Stephan; Orlov, Ann; Handlin, Oscar, eds. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0674375122, (1980) pp 136–49. Online free to borrow
- Waldstreicher, David (1989). The Armenian Americans. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-87754-862-1.
- Wertsman, Vladimir (1978). The Armenians in America, 1618–1976. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00529-5.
|
|