Kolera

Kolera
Scanning Electron Microscope image of Vibrio cholerae
Informasi umum
SpesialisasiPenyakit menular, Kedokteran gawat darurat Sunting ini di Wikidata

Penyakit kolera (juga disebut Asiatic cholera) adalah penyakit menular di saluran pencernaan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Vibrio cholerae.[1] Bakteri ini biasanya masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui air minum yang terkontaminasi oleh sanitasi yang tidak benar atau dengan memakan ikan yang tidak dimasak benar, terutama kerang. Gejalanya termasuk diare, perut keram, mual, muntah, dan dehidrasi. Kematian biasanya disebabkan oleh dehidrasi. Jika dibiarkan tak terawat, maka penderita berisiko kematian tinggi. Perawatan dapat dilakukan dengan rehidrasi agresif "regimen", biasanya diberikan secara intravena secara berkelanjutan sampai diare berhenti.

Diagnosis

Ciri utama penyakit kolera adalah buang air besar encer berwarna putih seperti air tajin (cucian beras) dengan bau yang amis.

Pengobatan

Rehidrasi

Pengobatan utama dilakukan dengan mengembalikan cairan tubuh yang hilang atau rehidrasi yang cukup hingga masa penyakit selesai (biasanya 1 hingga 5 hari tanpa pemberian antibiotik). [2] Rehidrasi dapat dilakukan cara infus intravena cairan (pada kasus yang parah) atau dengan rehidrasi oral dengan oralit (oral rehydration solution).[3][4]

Antibiotik

Antibiotik memiliki peran sekunder tetapi penting dengan mengurangi derajat penyakit dan durasi ekskresi penyakit.[5] Pemberian antibiotik sebaiknya dilakukan setelah gejala muntah-muntah mereda (atau setelah rehidrasi pertama dan pemulihan dari asidosis).[5] Pilihan pertama antibiotik yang digunakan di Indonesia adalah tetrasiklin dan pilihan keduanya adalah trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (bila V. cholerae pada pasien resisten terhadap tetrasiklin).[5]

Vaksin

Artikel utama: Vaksin kolera

Referensi

  1. ^ Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company. 
  2. ^ Kaper JB, Morris Jr JG, Levine MM. 1995. Cholera. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 8(1):48-86.
  3. ^ Swerdlow DL, Ries AA. 1992. Cholera in the Americas: guidelines for the clinician. JAMA 267:1495–1499
  4. ^ Morris Jr JG. 1994. Cholera and other vibrioses, hal:753–762. di dalam Hoeprich PD, Jordan MC, Ronald Ar (ed.), Infectious diseases: a treatise of infectious processes. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
  5. ^ a b c Tjaniadi P, Lesmana M, Subekti D, Machpud N, Komalarini, Santoso W, Simanjuntak CH, Punjabi N, Campbell JR, Alexander WK, Beecham III JH, Corwin AL, Oyofo BA. 2003. Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens associated with diarrheal patients in Indonesia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86(6):666-670.

Pranala luar


Read other articles:

Le informazioni riportate non sono consigli medici e potrebbero non essere accurate. I contenuti hanno solo fine illustrativo e non sostituiscono il parere medico: leggi le avvertenze. Il metacarpo è un osso che fa parte dello scheletro dell'arto superiore, situato fra le falangi e il carpo. Le ossa del metacarpo sono equivalenti alle ossa metatarsali del piede. Indice 1 Anatomia umana 1.1 Muscolatura 2 Patologia 3 Anatomia comparata 4 Storia 5 Note 6 Altri progetti 7 Collegamenti esterni Anato…

Nome in codice: Brutto anatroccoloDa sinistra a destra: Ratso, Ernie, William, Jessie e BruttoTitolo originaleDen grimme ælling og mig Paese di produzioneFrancia, Germania, Irlanda, Danimarca Anno2006 Durata88 min Genereanimazione, commedia RegiaMichael Hegner, Karsten Kiilerich SoggettoMichael Hegner, Mark Hodkinson, Karsten Kiilerich SceneggiaturaMark Hodkinson ProduttoreAnders Mastrup, Ralph Christians, Philippe Delarue, Daina Sacco, Irene Sparre Hjorthøj, Moe Honan, Glass M…

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言,清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日(哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統) 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府與…

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2017) United States historic placeYounker Brothers Department StoreU.S. National Register of Historic Places Show map of IowaShow map of the United StatesLocation713 Walnut St.Des Moines, IowaCoordinates41°35′9″N 93°37′36″W / 41.58583°N 93.62667°W / 41.58583; -93.62667Arealess than one acreArchitectLiebbe, Nourse & RasmussenArchi…

Universitas Sintuwu MarosoNama lainUNSIMARMotoCerdas, Kreatif, dan ProfesionalJenisPerguruan tinggi swastaDidirikan1986PendiriJ. SantoRektorSuwardhi PantihStaf akademik103 (Januari 2014)Staf administrasi42 (karyawan)Jumlah mahasiswa5238 (2015-1)Sarjana2251 (2015-1)AlamatJl. P. Timor, Poso, Sulawesi Tengah, 94619, IndonesiaSitus webunsimar.ac.id Universitas Sintuwu Maroso, atau umumnya dikenal dengan singkatan UNSIMAR, adalah sebuah perguruan tinggi swasta yang berada di Poso, Sulawesi Tengah, da…

 本表是動態列表,或許永遠不會完結。歡迎您參考可靠來源來查漏補缺。 潛伏於中華民國國軍中的中共間諜列表收錄根據公開資料來源,曾潛伏於中華民國國軍、被中國共產黨聲稱或承認,或者遭中華民國政府調查審判,為中華人民共和國和中國人民解放軍進行間諜行為的人物。以下列表以現今可查知時間為準,正確的間諜活動或洩漏機密時間可能早於或晚於以下所歸類…

Human settlement in EnglandClifton DownClifton Down railway station, which is located in the Clifton Down wardClifton DownLocation within BristolPopulation11,400 [1]OS grid referenceST571737Unitary authorityBristolCeremonial countyBristolRegionSouth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townBRISTOLPostcode districtBS6 and BS8Dialling code0117PoliceAvon and SomersetFireAvonAmbulanceSouth Western UK ParliamentBristol West List of p…

Duke R. LeeLee dalam In the Days of Buffalo Bill (1922)Lahir(1881-05-13)13 Mei 1881Prince Henry County, VirginiaMeninggal1 April 1959(1959-04-01) (umur 77)Los Angeles, CaliforniaPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1913–1946 Duke R. Lee (13 Mei 1881 – 1 April 1959) adalah seorang pemeran asal Amerika Serikat.[1][2] Ia tampil dalam 99 film antara 1913 dan 1946. Filmografi pilihan The Soul Herder (1917) Straight Shooting (1917) The Savage (1917) Hell Bent (1918) T…

Simulated view of an object in an elliptic orbit, as seen from the focus of the orbit. The view rotates with the mean anomaly, so the object appears to oscillate back and forth across this mean position with the equation of the center. The object also appears to become smaller and larger as it moves farther away and nearer because of the eccentricity of the orbit. A marker (red) shows the position of the periapsis. In two-body, Keplerian orbital mechanics, the equation of the center is the angul…

Continental Army general (1727–1800) For other uses, see Artemas Ward (disambiguation). Artemas WardPortrait by Raphaelle Peale (c. 1795)Member of theU.S. House of Representatives from MassachusettsIn officeMarch 4, 1791 – March 3, 1795Serving with Dwight Foster, Theodore Sedgwick, and William Lyman (2nd District-GT)Preceded byGeorge LeonardSucceeded byWilliam LymanConstituency7th district (1791–93)2nd district (1793–95) Personal detailsBorn(1727-11-26)November 26,…

Legal situation The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (May 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Criminal law Elements Actus reus Mens rea Causation Concurrence Scope of criminal liability Accessory Accomplice Complicity Corporate Principal Vicarious Severity of offense Felony (or …

Language family native to Asia Sino-TibetanTrans-HimalayanGeographicdistributionCentral Asia, East Asia, South Asia and Southeast AsiaLinguistic classificationOne of the world's primary language familiesProto-languageProto-Sino-TibetanSubdivisionsSome 40 well-established subgroups, of which those with the most speakers are: Sinitic (Chinese) Lolo-Burmese Tibetic Karenic Bodo–Garo Kuki-Chin Meitei Tamangic Bai Jingpho–Luish ISO 639-2 / 5sitLinguasphere79- (phylozone)Glottologsino1245Groupings…

Bên ngoài cửa hàng câu lạc bộ kho Sam's Club (có logo cũ) ở Maplewood, Missouri, ngoại ô St. Louis Câu lạc bộ kho (hay câu lạc bộ bán buôn) là một cửa hàng bán lẻ, thường bán nhiều loại hàng hóa, trong đó khách hàng có thể mua số lượng lớn, bán buôn các sản phẩm của cửa hàng, khiến các câu lạc bộ này hấp dẫn cả thợ săn mặc cả và chủ doanh nghiệp nhỏ. Các câu lạc bộ có thể giữ giá th…

Main article: Prehistory of Mesopotamia Region between Euphrates and Tigris A map of Lower Mesopotamia from 1924 Lower Mesopotamia[1][2] is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf. In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia (Lower Jazira), which strictly speaking designated only the southern alluvial plain,[3] and Arab Iraq, as opposed…

Biografi ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber sehingga isinya tidak dapat dipastikan. Bantu memperbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan sumber tepercaya. Materi kontroversial atau trivial yang sumbernya tidak memadai atau tidak bisa dipercaya harus segera dihapus.Cari sumber: Salahuddin dari Selangor – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Biografi ini memerlukan lebih bany…

For the radio station V103 in Chicago, see WVAZ. For the radio station V103 in American Samoa, see WVUV-FM. For the radio station V103 in Oklahoma City, see K276EX. Radio station in Atlanta, GeorgiaWVEEAtlanta, GeorgiaBroadcast areaMetro AtlantaFrequency103.3 MHz (HD Radio)BrandingV-103ProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishFormatUrban contemporarySubchannelsHD2: International hitsHD3: Talk radio (WAOK)OwnershipOwnerAudacy, Inc.(Audacy License, LLC, as Debtor-in-Possession)Sister stationsWAOKWSTRWZGCHisto…

American politician (born 1961) Matt CartwrightCo-Chair of the House Democratic Policy and Communications CommitteeIn officeJanuary 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023Serving with Debbie Dingell, Ted Lieu and Joe NegusePreceded byCheri BustosDavid CicillineHakeem JeffriesSucceeded byVeronica EscobarDean PhillipsLauren UnderwoodMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom PennsylvaniaIncumbentAssumed office January 3, 2013Preceded byTim HoldenConstituency17th district …

  ميّز عن ابن كثير المكي. الإمام  ابن كثير الدمشقي معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير القرشي الدمشقي الميلاد سنة 1301 [1][2]  مجدل  الوفاة سنة 1373 (71–72 سنة)  دمشق  مكان الدفن مقابر الصوفية  [لغات أخرى]‏  المذهب الفقهي شافعي أقرباء …

2022年猶他州聯邦參議員選舉 ← 2016 2022年11月8日 2028 →   获提名人 麥克·李 埃文·麥克穆林 政党 共和黨 无党籍 民選得票 571974 459958 得票率 53.2% 42.8% 縣結果'李:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%麥克穆林:     50–60%     60–70% 选前聯邦參議員 麥克·李 共和黨 當選聯…

Railway station in Melbourne, Australia Middle GorgePTV commuter rail stationNorth-east bound view from Platform 2 looking at station buildings, November 2022General informationLocationWilliamsons Road,South Morang, Victoria 3752City of WhittleseaAustraliaCoordinates37°38′39″S 145°05′31″E / 37.6443°S 145.0919°E / -37.6443; 145.0919Owned byVicTrackOperated byMetro TrainsLine(s)MerndaDistance28.34 kilometres fromSouthern CrossPlatforms2 sideTracks2Connections Bu…