Jólnir

Jólnir
Jólnir pada 22 Agustus 1966, dua minggu setelah aktivitas vulkanik berhenti
Titik tertinggi
Ketinggian64 meter (210 ft) (sebagai pulau)
Di bawah permukaan laut (saat ini)
PuncakDi bawah permukaan laut
Geografi
LetakDasar laut Samudra Atlantik di barat daya Surtsey, Islandia
Geologi
Usia batuanBaru-baru ini
Jenis gunungPulau tinggi, kerucut vulkanik
Letusan terakhir1966

Jólnir dulunya adalah sebuah pulau vulkanik di selatan Islandia. Ini adalah bekas lubang ventilasi Surtsey, bersama dengan Syrtlingur dan Surtla. Pulau ini muncul dari laut sebagai akibat dari tektonika lempeng aktif antara Desember 1965 dan Juli 1966. Siklus erosi samudra menggerus lava saat lava baru terbentuk dan pulau ini beberapa kali tenggelam di bawah permukaan laut.[1][2]

Pulau ini diberi nama Jólnir, yaitu seorang dewa Nordik, yang biasanya diidentifikasi sebagai nama kedua untuk Odin.

Pembentukan Jólnir berkaitan erat dengan pulau vulkanis Surtsey yang ada di dekatnya, yang muncul pada tahun 1963. Letusan vulkanis terjadi di sebagian besar perairan di sekitarnya, tetapi daratan yang baru terbentuk bisanya mengalami erosi dan banyak pulau-pulau kecil hilang tersapu air. Pada 1966, Jólnir muncul ke permukaan laut dan terbentuk tefra mafik kerucut vulkanis. Kerucut vulkanis mencapai ketinggian 64 meter (210 ft) di atas permukaan laut, tetapi daratan ini akhirnya menghilang akibat terkikis gelombang laut.

Setelah aktivitas vulkanis berhenti pada 8 Agustus 1966, gelombang Samudra Atlantik dengan cepat mengikis pulau vulkanis ini. Menjelang akhir bulan September 1966, pulau ini menghilang di bawah permukaan Samudra Atlantik.

Lihat juga

Referensi

  1. ^ Brief description from Dartmouth Diarsipkan 2020-02-23 di Wayback Machine., (at the end of the report)
  2. ^ "The Surtsey Research Society, The Surtsey Eruption 1963-1967". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-02-22. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-09. 

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