Eugenika di Amerika Serikat
Keluarga pemenang kontes Keluarga Bugar berdiri di luar Gedung Eugenics[ 1] Eugenika merupakan seperangkat keyakinan dan praktik yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas genetika suatu populasi penduduk dunia ,[ 2] [ 3] Amerika Serikat sebelum keterlibatannya dalam Perang Dunia II .[ 4]
Eugenika telah dipraktikkan di Amerika Serikat selama bertahun-tahun sebelum program eugenika di Nazi Jerman,[ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8]
Selama Era Progresif di akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20, eugenika dianggap sebagai metode untuk melestarikan dan memperbaiki kelompok dominan dalam suatu populasi ; yang kini umumnya terkait dengan elemen-elemen rasis dan nativis , yang di mana gerakan tersebut pada suatu taraf tertentu merupakan reaksi terhadap perubahan emigrasi dari Eropa, serta bukan merupakan genetika secara ilmiah.[ 9]
Lihat pula
Referensi
Catatan
^ "" A social register of fitter families and better babies" The Milwaukee Sentinel . 26 May 1929" . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-30. Diakses tanggal 2018-03-06 . ^ "Eugenics" . Unified Medical Language System (Psychological Index Terms) . National Library of Medicine. 26 September 2010. ^ Galton, Francis (July 1904). "Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, and Aims" . The American Journal of Sociology . X (1): 82, 1st paragraph. Bibcode :1904Natur..70...82. . doi :10.1038/070082a0 . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 November 2007. Diakses tanggal 27 December 2010 . Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage. ^ Susan Currell (2006). Popular eugenics: national efficiency and American mass culture in the 1930s ISBN 978-0-8214-1691-4 . Diakses tanggal 18 July 2011 . ^ Lombardo, 2011: p. 1 .
^ Kühl, Stefan (14 February 2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism ISBN 978-0-19-534878-1 . ^ Edwin Black (9 November 2003). "Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection" . San Francisco Chronicle . Diakses tanggal 2 February 2017 . ^ [Kühl, Stefan (14 February 2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism ISBN 978-0-19-534878-1 .
^ Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2016). The Gene
Bibliografi
Bender, Daniel E. (2009). American abyss: savagery and civilization in the age of industry Cornell University Press . ISBN 978-0-8014-4598-9 . Black, Edwin (9 November 2003). "Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection" . San Francisco Chronicle Boudreau, Erica Bicchieri (2005). "' Yea, I have a Goodly Heritage': Health Versus Heredity in the Fitter Family Contests, 1920–1928" . Journal of Family History 30 (4): 366–87. doi :10.1177/0363199005276359 . PMID 16304739 . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-03-04 . Engs, Ruth C. (2005). The eugenics movement: an encyclopedia Greenwood Press . ISBN 978-0-313-32791-9 . Kevles, Daniel J. (1986). In the Name of Eugenics: genetics and the uses of human heredity Harvard University Press . ISBN 978-0-520-05763-0 . Kühl, Stefan (2001). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism Oxford University Press US . ISBN 978-0-19-514978-4 . Lombardo, Paul A. (2008). Three generations, no imbeciles: eugenics, the Supreme Court, and Buck v. Bell JHU Press . ISBN 978-0-8018-9010-9 . Lombardo, Paul A. (2011). A Century of Eugenics in America: From the Indiana Experiment to the Human Genome Era Indiana University Press . ISBN 978-0-253-22269-5 . McWhorter, Ladelle (2009). Racism and sexual oppression in Anglo-America: a genealogy ISBN 978-0-253-22063-9 . Murphy, Timothy F. & Lappé, Marc, ed. (1994). Justice and the human genome project University of California Press . ISBN 978-0-520-08363-9 . Ordover, Nancy (2003). American eugenics: race, queer anatomy, and the science of nationalism University of Minnesota Press . ISBN 978-0-8166-3559-7 . Pernick, Martin S. (1999). The Black Stork: Eugenics and the Death of "Defective" Babies in American Medicine and Motion Pictures Since 1915 ISBN 978-0-19-513539-8 . Pernick, Martin S. (2002). "Taking Better Baby Contests Seriously" . American Journal of Public Health 92 (5): 707–708. doi :10.2105/ajph.92.5.707 . PMC 1447148 PMID 11988430 . Selden, Steven (2005). "Transforming Better Babies into Fitter Families: Archival Resources and the History of the American Eugenics Movement, 1908–1930" . American Philosophical Society 149 (2): 199–225. Stern, Alexandra (2005). Eugenic nation: faults and frontiers of better breeding in modern America ISBN 978-0-520-24444-3 .
Bacaan lanjut
Allen, Garland E. (1987). "The role of experts in scientific controversy". Dalam Engelhardt, Hugo Tristram & Caplan, Arthur L. Scientific controversies: case studies in the resolution and closure of disputes in science and technology ISBN 978-0-521-27560-6 . Barkan, Elazar (1993). The Retreat of Scientific Racism: Changing Concepts of Race in Britain and the United States Between the World Wars ISBN 978-0-521-45875-7 . Bashford, Alison & Levine, Philippa, ed. (2010). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ISBN 978-0-19-537314-1 . Bauman, Zygmunt (2000). Modernity and the Holocaust ISBN 978-0-8014-8719-4 . Black, Edwin (2004). War against the weak: eugenics and America's campaign to create a master race ISBN 978-1-56858-321-1 . Cuddy, Lois A. & Roche, Claire M., ed. (2003). Evolution and eugenics in American literature and culture, 1880–1940: essays on ideological conflict and complicity ISBN 978-0-8387-5555-6 . Currell, Susan (2006). Popular eugenics: national efficiency and American mass culture in the 1930s ISBN 978-0-8214-1692-1 . Dowbiggin, Ian Robert (1997). Keeping America sane: psychiatry and eugenics in the United States and Canada, 1880–1940 ISBN 978-0-8014-8398-1 . Gould, Stephen Jay (1996). The Mismeasure of Man ISBN 978-0-393-31425-0 . link )Haller, Mark H. (1963). Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought Hansen, Randall and King, Desmond (eds.), Sterilized by the State: Eugenics, Race, and the Population Scare in Twentieth-Century North America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hasian, Marouf Arif (1996). The rhetoric of eugenics in Anglo-American thought ISBN 978-0-8203-1771-7 . Kline, Wendy (2005). Building a Better Race: Gender, Sexuality, and Eugenics from the Turn of the Century to the Baby Boom ISBN 978-0-520-24674-4 . Kohn, Marek (1995). The Race Gallery: The Return of Racial Science . London: Jonathan Cape. Larson, Edward J. (1996). Sex, Race, and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South ISBN 978-0-8018-5511-5 . Lusane, Clarence (2002). Hitler's black victims: the historical experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi era ISBN 978-0-415-93295-0 . Maxwell, Anne (2010). Picture Imperfect: Photography and Eugenics, 1870–1940 ISBN 978-1-84519-415-4 . [pranala nonaktif permanen McCann, Carole Ruth (1999). Birth control politics in the United States, 1916–1945 ISBN 978-0-8014-8612-8 . Mendelsohn, Everett (March–April 2000). "The Eugenic Temptation: When ethics lag behind technology" . Harvard Magazine . Rafter, Nicole Hahn (1988). White Trash: The Eugenic Family Studies, 1877–1919 ISBN 978-1-55553-030-3 . Reilly, Philip R. (1991). The Surgical Solution: A History of Involuntary Sterilization in the United States ISBN 978-0-8018-4096-8 . Rosen, Christine (2004). Preaching eugenics: religious leaders and the American eugenics movement ISBN 978-0-19-515679-9 . Ross, Loretta (2000). "Eugenics: African-American Case Study—Eugenics and Family Planning". Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Education: Health to Hypertension ISBN 978-0-415-92089-6 . Schoen, Johanna (2005). Choice and Coercion: Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare ISBN 978-0807855850 . Solinger, Rickie (2005). Pregnancy and Power: A Short History of Reproductive Politics in America . New York, NY: NYU Press. ISBN 978-0814798287 . Smith, J. David. (1993). The Eugenic Assault on America: Scenes in Red, White and Black ISBN 978-0-913969-53-3 . Spiro, Jonathan P. (2009). Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant ISBN 978-1-58465-715-6 . Tucker, William H. (2007). The funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund . University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07463-9 . Ringkasan .
Pranala luar
The Color of Democracy: A Japanese Public Health Official's Reconnaissance Trip to the U.S. South Takeuchi-Demirci, Aiko. Southern Spaces 18 Maret 2011."Eugenics" Diarsipkan 2010-07-04 di Wayback Machine ., Scope Note 28 , Bioethics Research Center, Universitas Georgetown Plotz, David. "The Better Baby Business", Washington Post , 13 March 2001. Web. 25 April 2010. [1] .
Eugenics: Compulsory Sterilization in 50 American States , Kaelber, Lutz (ed.)Eugenics in the United States and Britain, 1890–1930: sebuah studi komparatif Eugenika di Amerika Serikat "Buck v. Bell (1927)" by N. Antonios and C. Raup pada Embryo Project Encyclopedia
