Benteng Cổ Loa

Benteng Cổ Loa (bahasa Vietnam: Cổ Loa thành) merupakan pemukiman berbenteng penting dan situs arkeologi di distrik Đông Anh, Hanoi saat ini, kira-kira 17 kilometer di utara Hanoi, di dataran atas utara sungai Hong.^[1] Berbagai peninggalan kebudayaan Phùng Nguyên dari Zaman Perunggu dan Dongson telah ditemukan di Cổ Loa, meskipun kemudian didirikan sebagai ibu kota Kerajaan Âu Lạc selama abad ke-III SM (sekitar 257 SM).^[2] Tempat ini mungkin adalah pusat politik pertama dari peradaban Vietnam.^[3] Dinding konsentris pemukiman penyerupai cangkang siput; memiliki tanggul luar seluas 600 hektare.^[4]

Nama "Cổ Loa" berasal dari Sino-Vietnam 古螺 (< Bahasa Tionghoa Pertengahan (ZS) kuo^X-luɑ > Bahasa Tionghoa Baku: Gǔ Luó), arti harfiah "Keong kuno". Menurut Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, benteng ini berbentuk seperti keong,^[5] mencerminkan struktur berlapis-lapis dengan kubu pertahanan dan parit konsentris.^[6]

Galeria

Mata bajak perunggu dan kepala kapak
Ubin atap keramik
Nekara Cổ Loa

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Nam C. Kim 2015, hlm. 18.
^ Higham 1996, hlm. 122.
^ Miksic & Yian 2016, hlm. 111.
^ Miksic & Yian 2016, hlm. 156.
^ Ngô Sĩ Liên et al., Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư "An Dương Vương" quote: "王於是築城于越裳，廣千丈，盤旋如螺形故號螺城。" tr: "The King then built a citadel at Việt Thường, one-thousand-zhàng wide, whirling and swirling like the shape of a conch. Therefore, it was called Conch Citadel (Loa Thành)."
^ Kiernan, Ben (2017). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. p. 34

21°06′48″N 105°52′24″E / 21.113408°N 105.873206°E / 21.113408; 105.873206

Daftar pustaka

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Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Press. ISBN 03132-9-622-7.
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George E. Dutton (2006). The Tay Son Uprising: Society and Rebellion in Eighteenth-Century Vietnam. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-82482-984-1.
Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K., ed. (2012). Sources of Vietnamese Tradition. Introduction to Asian Civilizations. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13862-8.
Đào Duy Anh (2016). Đất nước Việt Nam qua các đời: nghiên cứu địa lý học lịch sử Việt Nam (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Nha Nam. ISBN 978-604-94-8700-2.
Đào Duy Anh (2020). Lịch sử Việt Nam: Từ nguồn gốc đến cuối thế kỷ XIX (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Hanoi Publishing House. ISBN 978-604-556-114-0.
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Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-190-05379-6.
Kim, Nam C.; Lai, Van Toi; Trinh, Hoang Hiep (2010). "Co Loa: an investigation of Vietnam's ancient capital". Antiquity. 84 (326): 1011–1027. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00067041.
Kim, Nam C. (2015). The Origins of Ancient Vietnam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-98089-5.
Kim, Nam C. (2020), "A Pathway to Emergent Social Complexity and State Power: A View from Southeast Asia", dalam Bondarenko, Dmitri M.; Kowalewski, Stephen A.; Small, David B., The Evolution of Social Institutions. World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures, Springer Publishing, hlm. 225–253, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51437-2_10, ISBN 978-3-030-51436-5
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Bacaan selanjutnya

[FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim201518-1] Nam C. Kim 2015, hlm. 18.

[FOOTNOTEHigham1996122-2] Higham 1996, hlm. 122.

[FOOTNOTEMiksicYian2016111-3] Miksic & Yian 2016, hlm. 111.

[FOOTNOTEMiksicYian2016156-4] Miksic & Yian 2016, hlm. 156.

[5] Ngô Sĩ Liên et al., Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư "An Dương Vương" quote: "王於是築城于越裳，廣千丈，盤旋如螺形故號螺城。" tr: "The King then built a citadel at Việt Thường, one-thousand-zhàng wide, whirling and swirling like the shape of a conch. Therefore, it was called Conch Citadel (Loa Thành)."

[6] Kiernan, Ben (2017). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. p. 34

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Benteng Cổ Loa

Galeria

Lihat pula

Referensi

Daftar pustaka

Bacaan selanjutnya

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