Bahasa Tamil Kuno

Bahasa Tamil Kuno
WilayahTamiḻakam, India Kuno
EraBerkembang menjadi Bahasa Tamil Pertengahan pada abad ke-7 Masehi
Brahmi Tamil, kemudian Vaṭṭeḻuttu, dan Pallawa
Kode bahasa
ISO 639-3oty
LINGUIST List
LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi
oty Bahasa Tamil Kuno
Glottologoldt1248  (Bahasa Tamil Kuno)[1]
IETFoty
Status pemertahanan
Terancam

CRSingkatan dari Critically endangered (Terancam Kritis)
SESingkatan dari Severely endangered (Terancam berat)
DESingkatan dari Devinitely endangered (Terancam)
VUSingkatan dari Vulnerable (Rentan)
Aman

NESingkatan dari Not Endangered (Tidak terancam)
ICHEL Red Book: Extinct

Tamil Kuno diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa yang telah punah (EX) pada Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan

Referensi: [2][3]
 Portal Bahasa
L • B • PW   
Sunting kotak info  Lihat butir Wikidata  Info templat
Prasasti Tamil Brahmi abad ke-2 SM dari Arittapatti, Madurai India. Tamil Nadu selatan telah muncul sebagai sumber utama prasasti Brahmi dalam bahasa Tamil Kuno yang bertanggal antara abad ke-3 hingga ke-1 SM.[4][5][6]

Bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah periode bahasa Tamil hingga abad ke-7 M. Sebelum Tamil Kuno, periode perkembangan linguistik Tamil disebut sebagai Pra-Tamil. Setelah abad ke-7 masehi, bahasa Tamil berkembang menjadi Tamil Pertengahan. Catatan paling awal dalam bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah prasasti dari abad ke-3 dan ke-1 SM di gua-gua dan di tembikar. Prasasti ini ditulis dalam varian aksara Brahmi yang disebut sebagai Brahmi Tamil.[4][7][8] Teks panjang paling awal dalam bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah Tolkāppiyam, sebuah karya awal tentang tata bahasa dan puisi Tamil, yang lapisan tertuanya diperkirakan dari pertengahan abad ke-2 SM.[9][10] Bahasa Tamil Kuno memelihara banyak fitur dari Bahasa Proto-Dravida, bentuk Dravida yang paling awal direkonstruksi termasuk inventaris konsonan, struktur suku kata, dan berbagai fitur tata kalimat.

Lihat pula

Referensi

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Bahasa Tamil Kuno". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  2. ^ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011. 
  3. ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022. 
  4. ^ a b Mahadevan, I.Early Tamil Epigraphy p.91-94
  5. ^ Mahadevan, I.Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions p.1-12
  6. ^ Souler, B. Handbook of Oriental Studies p.44
  7. ^ Government of Tamilnadu, Department of Archeology. "Keeladi, Excavation Report, Urban Settlement, Sangam Age, River Vaigai". Diakses tanggal 27 December 2020. 
  8. ^ Vishnupriya, Kolipakam (2018). "A Bayesian phylogenetic study of the Dravidian language family". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (3): 171504. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571504K. doi:10.1098/rsos.171504. PMC 5882685alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 29657761. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2021. 
  9. ^ Lehmann 1998, hlm. 75–76
  10. ^ Zvelebil, K. The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South p.XX

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