巴厘语

巴厘语
ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ (Basä Bali)
区域印度尼西亚巴厘省, 珀尼达岛, 龙目岛爪哇
母语使用人数
330万[1] (2000年)
語系
文字拉丁文字
巴厘文字
語言代碼
ISO 639-2ban
ISO 639-3ban
Glottologbali1278[2]
本条目包含国际音标符号。部分操作系统浏览器需要特殊字母与符号支持才能正確显示,否则可能显示为乱码、问号、空格等其它符号。

巴厘语ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶBasä Bali)是一种通行于印度尼西亚巴厘岛语言,在东爪哇珀尼达岛北部和龙目岛西部也有人使用,使用人口约330万(2000年),属于南岛语系马来-波利尼西亚语族。大部分巴厘语的使用者还通晓印度尼西亚语

巴厘语

2011年,巴厘文化理事会估计,巴厘岛上日常生活中仍在使用巴厘语的人不超过100万,在城市里,父母只教子女印尼语甚至是英语。同时,大众传媒和学校中的对话已越来越少。大多数人对巴厘语的文字很不熟悉,大部分巴厘人只把它作为一种基础语言,在日常生活中与印尼语混用。但是在巴厘岛以外的其他地区,巴厘语仍被使用,并且在语言保护中起着重要作用。

语音

元音

前元音 央元音 后元音
闭元音 i u
中元音 e ə o
开元音 a

正式拼法中,/a/和/ə/都用字母a表示。但是,a在词尾时通常发作/ə/,/ə/音也出现在前缀ma-,pa-和da-中。[3]

辅音

唇音 齿音 硬腭音 软腭音 声门音
鼻音 m n ɲ ŋ
塞音/塞擦音 p b t d k ɡ
擦音 s h
近音
(边音)
j w
l
颤音 r

重音

重音落在最后一个音节上。

语法

巴厘语的语序和标准印尼语相似,动词和名词的曲折变化都很少。但是,派生很常见。后缀可以作为定冠词或不定冠词,甚至可以用来表示属格。[3]

基于说话人的关系与身份,巴厘语有三种不同的语域:低级语域(basa ketah),中级语域(basa madia)和高级语域(basa singgih)。高级语域中有许多梵语爪哇语借词。

数字

巴厘语有自己独有的十进制数字系统,但是该数字系统較為复杂,有些數詞用以表示非十進的數值,例如45、175和1600。

书写系统

巴厘文的基础字母

巴厘语有两种书写系统,一是巴厘文,二是现在通行的拉丁文字

巴厘文

巴厘文(ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭᬩᬮᬶ Askara Bali)是一种脱胎于印度婆罗米文字元音附标文字,现存最早的碑刻可以追溯到公元11世纪。巴厘文与爪哇文基本一致。

今天,很少人还精通巴厘文。

拉丁文字

今天,巴厘岛的学校中教授被称作Tulisan Bali的拉丁文字。

註釋

  1. ^ 民族语. 巴厘语. [2014-08-09]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-11). 
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Balinese. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Spitzing, Günter. Practical Balinese: Phrasebook and Dictionary. Rutland VT: Tuttle Publishing. 2002: 22. 

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