威廉斯塔德

威廉斯塔德
Willemstad
城市
威廉斯塔德海港
威廉斯塔德海港
威廉斯塔德在庫拉索的位置
威廉斯塔德在庫拉索的位置
坐标:12°7′N 68°56′W / 12.117°N 68.933°W / 12.117; -68.933
主權國家 荷兰王国
構成國 库拉索
建立1634年
語源威廉二世
QuartersPunda、​Otrobanda、​Scharloo、​Pietermaai Smal
海拔37 公尺(121 英尺)
人口(2013年估計)
 • 總計150,000人
时区AST(UTC-4
官方名稱Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Curaçao
標準文化:(ii)(iv)(v)
参考编码819
登录年份1997年(第21屆會議
面积86 ha
緩衝區87 ha
愛瑪王后橋

威廉斯塔德荷蘭語Willemstad,或意译作威廉城)是荷蘭王國加勒比海自治國庫拉索(Curaçao) 的首府與該島的主要都市,人口約為125,000人。在2010年荷屬安地列斯解體之前,威廉市也是該自治國的首府。

城鎮中心是以由愛瑪王后橋(Koningin Emmabrug)連接的蓬達(Punda)和奥特罗班达(Otrobanda,在當地語言中表「對面」之意)所構成,兩者皆為港埠的入口而繁榮至今。在1634年荷蘭從西班牙手中奪得庫拉索島的時候,先設立了龐達。而歐特洛邦達則是遲在1707年才建設起來。

威廉斯塔德內城及港口古蹟區的建築,就像是粉蠟筆一般色彩豐富,保留了17至18世紀荷蘭殖民時期的風格,於是在1997年被登錄為世界遺產。登錄的內容為威廉市的港口與內城。[1]

文化遺產的內容

歷史上的威廉斯塔德擁有聖安娜灣 (Sint-Annabaai)、蓬達、奥特罗班达、斯哈尔洛(Scharloo)和彼得迈(Pietermaai),以及765座受到保護的文物古蹟,如地主莊園宮殿班爾維德拉、維那楚艾拉旅館、「活躍的錫宅」和「瓦奇·迪·索拉」等。[1]

簡史

威廉斯塔德港的荷兰和西班牙式建筑
  • 1499年 冒險家阿洛索·德·奧赫達和阿梅里戈·弗斯普奇先在庫拉索登陸,並且為西班牙王室搶佔領有該島主權的先機。
  • 1634年 至1638年荷蘭西印度公司荷蘭貿易辦事處建造了「阿姆斯特丹古代防禦工程」。
  • 1732年 建造了米克維-以色列-埃馬奴艾爾猶太教會堂。
  • 1797年 建造拿索堡壘。
  • 1800年~1803年和1807年~1815年 在英國的掌握之下。
  • 約1865年 建造了當地的地主莊園宮殿班爾維德拉。
  • 1866年 摧毀17世紀時的一部份城牆
  • 1888年 建造艾瑪王后橋。
  • 1969年 暴動期間幾乎摧毀了布里安廣場(奥特罗班达)的建築物。
  • 1970年 在建造於1728年的兩座市區中心建築物中設置猶太人歷史文化博物館。
  • 1997年 維那楚艾拉旅館改為博物館。
威廉斯塔德一景

交通

公路:总长7公里。

教育

阿瓦隆醫學大學英语Avalon University School of Medicine加勒比醫藥大學英语Caribbean Medical University聖马丁努斯醫學院英语St. Martinus University Faculty of Medicine,三所大學皆位於威廉斯塔德市內的醫學院。

出身名人

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 原著 德國席梅爾等人《世界文化遺產》,京中玉國際股份有限公司,2003年。ISBN 986-7672-00-3

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