K2-3d

K2-3d
太陽系外行星 太陽系外行星列表

K2-3d(右)與地球體積比較
母恆星
母恆星 K2-3
星座 獅子座
赤经 (α) 11h 29m 20.39s [1]
赤纬 (δ) -01° 27′ 17.2″[1]
距離137 (± 6.5) ly (42 (± 2)[1] pc)
光譜類型 M0V
物理性质
质量(m)7.50 (± 3.00)[1] M🜨
半径(r)1.61 (±0.20)[1] R🜨
辐射功率(F)1.46 🜨
密度(ρ)11.7 (±6.7)[1] g cm-3
温度 (T) 300 K(27 °C) K
軌道參數
半長軸 (a) 0.2086 (± 0.0100)[1] AU
軌道離心率 (e) 0.045 (± 0.045)[1]
公轉週期 (P) 44.5705 (± 0.0059)[1] d
軌道傾角 (i) 89.79 (± 0.15)[1]°
發現
發現時間 2015年
發現者
發現方法 凌日法
發現地點 克卜勒太空望遠鏡
發表論文 確認
數據庫參考
太陽系外行星
百科全書
data
SIMBADdata

K2-3d,或稱為EPIC 201367065 d,是環繞紅矮星K2-3的一顆巨型類地太陽系外行星,是該恆星所屬三顆行星中距離母星最遠者。該行星距離地球137光年(42秒差距),天球上位於獅子座[1][1][2]。該行星是由觀測行星通過母恆星盤面前方,使母恆星光度下降的凌日法發現的。該行星也是克卜勒太空望遠鏡第二階段任務「第二道光」(Kepler "Second Light",簡稱 K2)開始後第一顆編號後綴 "d" 的系外行星。K2-3d發現於2015年1月[3]

行星狀態

質量、半徑、密度與表面溫度

K2-3d是質量和體積大於地球,但小於天王星海王星冰巨行星超級地球。它的表面溫度約280 K(7 °C),半徑則是1.61 R🜨。正常來說,這樣體積的行星應該是沒有固態表面的迷你海王星[4]。但在如此體積之下該行星的密度卻不尋常的大(11.7±6.7 g/cm3),成為先前系外行星類型規則中的一個特例,而被認為擁有固態表面[1]。該行星的密度遠大於,如果該行星的組成可能絕大部分是純鐵,並夾雜矽酸鹽類的岩石,質量大約是7.5 M🜨[1]。另一種可能性較低的狀況是完全純鐵組成,質量則達到地球的14倍。

母恆星

K2-3d的母恆星是M型紅矮星K2-3,該恆星旁有三顆行星,其中K2-3d的軌道週期最長[3]。K2-3的質量為0.60 M,半徑則是0.56 R[2][3]。它的表面溫度約3896 K,年齡約10億年[2];相較之下,太陽年齡約46億年[5],表面溫度5778 K[6]

K2-3的視星等是肉眼不可見的12.17。

軌道狀態

K2-3d的軌道週期為44日,軌道半徑則是0.2天文單位(距離太陽最近的水星為0.38天文單位) [2]

適居性

K2-3d位於母恆星周圍經驗上判定的適居帶內側邊緣,因此如有適當的大氣組成與氣壓,液態水可能存在於行星表面。但它可能因為極為靠近母恆星,而被母恆星潮汐鎖定,也就是一面永遠面對母恆星,而永遠背對母恆星的另一面則永遠是夜間[7]。即使如此,行星晝夜交界的區域晨昏圈的表面溫度可能是液態水能存在的溫度。然而,基於母恆星適居帶參數模擬的結果則顯示K2-3d在適居帶內緣的外側不遠處,因此可能溫度過高不適合生命存在。此外,K2-3d表面極大的重力也可能對生命存在造成阻礙。並且母恆星對該行星的輻射量為地球接收自太陽的1.4倍[3],將使行星表面溫度因為失控溫室效應而達到400—500 K(127—227 °C)。

發現

K2-3d是與K2-3行星系的另外兩顆行星一起發現於2015年1月上旬,是克卜勒太空望遠鏡第二階段任務的第一批發現的一部分,也是該階段第一個被發現的多行星系統[3]

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 K2-3 d CONFIRMED PLANET OVERVIEW PAGE. NASA Exoplanet Archive. [2015-10-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-22). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — K2-3 d. [2016-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-02). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Crossfield, Ian J. M.; et al. A NEARBY M STAR WITH THREE TRANSITING SUPER-EARTHS DISCOVERED BY K2. 16 January 2015. arXiv:1501.03798可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ Most 1.6 Earth-radius planets are not rocky. 31 July 2014 [2016-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-21). 
  5. ^ Fraser Cain. How Old is the Sun?. Universe Today. 16 September 2008 [19 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-18). 
  6. ^ Fraser Cain. Temperature of the Sun. Universe Today. 15 September 2008 [19 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-29). 
  7. ^ K2-3d (M-Warn Terran). [2016-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-09). 


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