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蹲廁是马桶的一種。用者需要蹲下使用。另一種廁所為坐下使用的坐廁。

蹲廁在某些地區並不常見。西方某些國家（例如英國和美國）接近完全沒有蹲廁，但在某些地方（例如亞洲的發展中國家）蹲廁卻是主流，通常只有能夠亞洲蹲的族群才能正常使用蹲廁，与水冲式马桶会产生“马桶烟羽（英语：toilet plume）”（或马桶附带物）气溶胶类似，蹲廁会把屎尿微粒濺在自己的腿和腳鞋上。世界上大多數人口使用蹲式廁所，主要是在發展中國家的農村地區。雖然日本的日式廁所和韓國蹲廁漸漸被西式廁所代替，但蹲廁在這些國家的公共廁所仍然非常常見（原因是因為較容易清潔）。

有些人認為蹲下排便的姿勢更加自然和放鬆。^[1]這是因為它可以更好地放鬆恥骨直腸肌（英语：Levator ani），從而拉直肛門的角度，使得排便更快、更容易、更徹底。^[2]^[3]^[1]因此，蹲姿可以防止過度用力，從而防止神經的拉伸（如陰部神經）。^[3]^[1]這些神經的損傷會導致泌尿、排便和性功能方面的永久性障礙。蹲姿也會增加腹內壓。^[2]蹲姿通常被推薦作為一系列措施的一部分，以控制便秘及其亞型，包括排便阻塞綜合征和協同排便失調。排便時慢性過度用力，在坐姿下更可能需要，可能與發炎痔瘡或盆腔器官脫垂疾病的任何譜的發展有關，例如直腸膨出、直腸脫垂等。

歷史

在印度河流域文明摩亨佐-達羅與哈拉帕遺址中，考古人員發現最早的蹲廁，直通地下的排水道。

參考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Ghoshal, UC; Sachdeva, S; Pratap, N; Verma, A; Karyampudi, A; Misra, A; Abraham, P; Bhatia, SJ; Bhat, N; Chandra, A; Chakravartty, K; Chaudhuri, S; Chandrasekar, TS; Gupta, A; Goenka, M; Goyal, O; Makharia, G; Mohan Prasad, VG; Anupama, NK; Paliwal, M; Ramakrishna, BS; Reddy, DN; Ray, G; Shukla, A; Sainani, R; Sadasivan, S; Singh, SP; Upadhyay, R; Venkataraman, J. Indian consensus on chronic constipation in adults: A joint position statement of the Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association and the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology. November 2018, 37 (6): 526–544. PMC 6339668 . PMID 30617919. doi:10.1007/s12664-018-0894-1.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Steele SR, Hull TL, Hyman N, Maykel JA, Read TE, Whitlow CB. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery 4th. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. 20 November 2021. ISBN 978-3-030-66049-9 （英语）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Hari Krishnan, R. A review on squat-assist devices to aid elderly with lower limb difficulties in toileting to tackle constipation. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine. April 2019, 233 (4): 464–475. PMID 30898031. S2CID 196526684. doi:10.1177/0954411919838644.

[Ghoshal2018-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Ghoshal, UC; Sachdeva, S; Pratap, N; Verma, A; Karyampudi, A; Misra, A; Abraham, P; Bhatia, SJ; Bhat, N; Chandra, A; Chakravartty, K; Chaudhuri, S; Chandrasekar, TS; Gupta, A; Goenka, M; Goyal, O; Makharia, G; Mohan Prasad, VG; Anupama, NK; Paliwal, M; Ramakrishna, BS; Reddy, DN; Ray, G; Shukla, A; Sainani, R; Sadasivan, S; Singh, SP; Upadhyay, R; Venkataraman, J. Indian consensus on chronic constipation in adults: A joint position statement of the Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association and the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology. November 2018, 37 (6): 526–544. PMC 6339668 . PMID 30617919. doi:10.1007/s12664-018-0894-1.

[Steele2021-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Steele SR, Hull TL, Hyman N, Maykel JA, Read TE, Whitlow CB. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery 4th. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. 20 November 2021. ISBN 978-3-030-66049-9 （英语）.

[Krishnan2019-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Hari Krishnan, R. A review on squat-assist devices to aid elderly with lower limb difficulties in toileting to tackle constipation. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine. April 2019, 233 (4): 464–475. PMID 30898031. S2CID 196526684. doi:10.1177/0954411919838644.

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