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「成癮及生理、心理依賴」的相關術語詞彙表^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
「成癮及生理、心理依賴」的相關術語詞彙表
	成瘾：腦部失調的情形，特徵是會強迫性的接觸犒赏刺激，不去考慮其帶來的負面結果。; 成瘾行为：具有犒赏性及正向增強效應的行為; 成瘾药物：具有犒赏性及正向增強效應的藥物; 依赖性：之前曾頻繁接觸刺激源（例如藥物攝取），中斷接觸後出現戒斷症狀的情形; 药物敏化或逆耐药性：在固定藥物劑量的情形下重複給藥，而相同劑量的藥物效果增強的情形; 藥物戒斷：在重複藥物使用後停藥，出現的症狀; 生理依赖：出現持續生理戒斷症狀（例如疲勞及震顫性譫妄）的依赖性; 心理依赖：出現情緒或是精神戒斷症狀（例如煩躁及失乐）的依赖性; 增强刺激：特定類型的刺激，接觸後會增加再接觸此刺激的可能性; 犒赏刺激：特定類型的刺激，大腦會認為此刺激是正向的，會想再進行的; 敏化作用：重複接受某一刺激後產生的刺激增強性反應; 物質使用疾患：使用特定物質，而且造成臨床上或是功能上的損傷或是困境的情形; 藥物耐受性：重複接受某一藥物後產生的藥物降低性反應;
	查; 论; 编;

药物敏化（英語：drug sensitization），也称逆耐药性（英語：reverse tolerance），是指在耐药性已经确立后，不敏感度的减少。^[5]^[6]一般来说，这种现象是由于加药、停药（用药假期）导致。苯丙胺和选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）等药物都会引发药物敏化的情况。^[7]^[8]

参考资料

^ Nestler, Eric J.; Malenka, Robert C. Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders. Molecular neuropharmacology : a foundation for clinical neuroscience 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 364–375. ISBN 978-0-07-164119-7. OCLC 273018757.
^ Nestler, Eric J. Cellular basis of memory for addiction. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2013-12, 15 (4): 431–443. ISSN 1294-8322. PMC 3898681 . PMID 24459410. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.4/enestler.
^ Glossary. Icahn School of Medicine. [2021-04-29].
^ Volkow, Nora D.; Koob, George F.; McLellan, A. Thomas. Longo, Dan L. , 编. Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016-01-28, 374 (4): 363–371. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 6135257 . PMID 26816013. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1511480 （英语）.
^ Hijikuro K, Kaneto H. Cross reverse tolerance between amphetamine, cocaine and morphine. J Pharmacobiodyn: 503–5. PMID 3437393. doi:10.1248/bpb1978.10.503.
^ Drugs & Death : Profiles of illegal drug abuse. Joseph C. Rupp, M.D., Ph.D. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-12-18.
^ Leith N, Kuczenski R. Chronic amphetamine: tolerance and reverse tolerance reflect different behavioral actions of the drug.. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981, 15 (3): 399–404. PMID 7291243. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(81)90269-0.
^ Chaudhry I, Turkanis S, Karler R. Characteristics of "reverse tolerance" to amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice.. Neuropharmacology. 1988, 27 (8): 777–81. PMID 3216957. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(88)90091-3.

[Addiction_glossary-1] Nestler, Eric J.; Malenka, Robert C. Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders. Molecular neuropharmacology : a foundation for clinical neuroscience 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 364–375. ISBN 978-0-07-164119-7. OCLC 273018757.

[Cellular_basis-2] Nestler, Eric J. Cellular basis of memory for addiction. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2013-12, 15 (4): 431–443. ISSN 1294-8322. PMC 3898681 . PMID 24459410. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.4/enestler.

[Nestler_Labs_Glossary-3] Glossary. Icahn School of Medicine. [2021-04-29].

[Brain_disease-4] Volkow, Nora D.; Koob, George F.; McLellan, A. Thomas. Longo, Dan L. , 编. Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016-01-28, 374 (4): 363–371. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 6135257 . PMID 26816013. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1511480 （英语）.

[5] Hijikuro K, Kaneto H. Cross reverse tolerance between amphetamine, cocaine and morphine. J Pharmacobiodyn: 503–5. PMID 3437393. doi:10.1248/bpb1978.10.503.

[6] Drugs & Death : Profiles of illegal drug abuse. Joseph C. Rupp, M.D., Ph.D. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-12-18.

[7] Leith N, Kuczenski R. Chronic amphetamine: tolerance and reverse tolerance reflect different behavioral actions of the drug.. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981, 15 (3): 399–404. PMID 7291243. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(81)90269-0.

[8] Chaudhry I, Turkanis S, Karler R. Characteristics of "reverse tolerance" to amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice.. Neuropharmacology. 1988, 27 (8): 777–81. PMID 3216957. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(88)90091-3.

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