1952年紀念郵票上的拉什莫爾山國家紀念碑
美國國家紀念碑 (英語:U.S. National Memorial ),是美国 官方認可紀念歷史人物或事件的區域[ 1] 。截至2020年9月,作為美国内政部 的一個機構,美國國家公園管理局 (NPS)以官方單位擁有和管理31個紀念館,並為另外五個附屬地區提供援助,國會還指定了另外21個獨立營運的地點作為國家紀念館。另外五個紀念館已獲得授權,正處於規劃階段。[ 2] [ 3]
最早被指定的美國國家紀念碑是華盛頓紀念碑 ,為紀念美國總統 喬治·華盛頓 而建造,於1884年完工,並於1933年轉移到美國國家公園管理局管理。最近建立的國家紀念碑是德懷特·D·艾森豪威爾紀念館,於2020年投入使用。[ 4]
在國家公園管理局所管轄國家紀念碑及附屬區域中,10處紀念美國總統、11處表彰歷史人物、6處紀念戰爭、5處紀念災難、5處代表早期探險。在21個非國家公園管理局管轄紀念碑中,有11處紀念戰爭或退伍軍人,另外6處代表因相關原因犧牲的軍人,兩處與美洲原住民 歷史有關。好幾個主要的戰爭紀念館位於國家廣場 附近,國家公園系統內的歷史區域則會
自動列入國家歷史名勝名錄。[ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
另外非官方指定國家紀念館或私人組織的自我稱謂,例如喬治·華盛頓共濟會國家紀念堂 和蒙哥馬利國家和平與正義紀念館並未在此處列出,因為國會保留創建國家紀念館的權利。[ 8]
國家公園管理局管轄紀念館
國家公園管理局作為官方單位管轄31個國家紀念館[ 2] 。還監督另外兩個國家紀念館作為其他單位的一部分,與其他國家紀念館一起列出,一些額外的單位包括麥克亨利堡國家紀念碑 ,在其授權立法中未包括「國家紀念碑」因此未在此處列出。[ 9]
國家公園管理局附屬地區
國家公園管理局為附屬地區為以下地點提供技術或財政援助,但不擁有管轄權限。[ 10]
其他國家紀念館
國會已將以下地點指定為國家紀念館,但未指定為國家公園管理局管轄的單位或附屬區域。雖然有些是由其他聯邦機構維護,但大部分是由地方政府或私人組織所創建,國會則為某些紀念場所提供資金或私人籌款。國會還根據《紀念工程法》授權在聯邦土地上建造許多紀念館或紀念工程。除非特別稱為國家紀念館,否則以下地點將不會列出。[ 56]
另見
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