紅翅鸚鵡屬(學名:Aprosmictus)是鸚形目舊世界鸚鵡科下的一個屬。[2]該屬為亞澳鸚鵡亞科超級鸚鵡族下的一個成員,一共有兩個物種4個亞種。[2][3]本屬物種為中等體型的鸚鵡,主要分佈於澳洲或小巽他群島的開闊森林、次生林地等處之樹上,但也會在地面上覓食。[4]
分類與歷史
該屬由英國鳥類學家约翰·古尔德於1842年發表,並同時將Platycercus scapulatus(現今為國王鸚鵡屬下的澳洲國王鸚鵡)及Platycercus erythropterus(現今的紅翅鸚鵡)作為模式種。[5][6]古爾德以翅膀較長、尾巴較方、腿部較短、腳趾較長,並較玫瑰鸚鵡屬多出了叉骨等型態學特徵建立了此屬。[7]隨後由英國鳥類學家喬治·羅伯特·格雷於1855年指定為單一物種,即紅翅鸚鵡。[5][8]
1865年,古爾德在未注意到格雷已指定紅翅鸚鵡為該屬模式種的情形下將澳洲國王鸚鵡留在了原本的屬內,並另立新屬Plistes以容納他認為與澳洲國王鸚鵡有足夠不同特徵的Ptistes erythropterus(紅翅鸚鵡)、Ptistes coccineopterus(現為紅翅鸚鵡的亞種A. e. coccineopterus)及Ptistes jonquillaceus(橄欖肩紅翅鸚鵡)。[9][5]在先到先得的規則下,Plistes因此成了無效名稱,並被格雷在1870年的書籍中標記。[10][5]而原先被古爾德劃為本屬的澳洲國王鸚鵡及後續加入的其他鸚鵡則遲至1911年才由澳洲鳥類學家格雷戈里·馬修斯編入新屬國王鸚鵡屬內。[5]
現據分子研究顯示本屬與國王鸚鵡屬及超級鸚鵡屬一同歸於舊世界鸚鵡科超級鸚鵡族下。[3]其屬名Aprosmictus源自希臘語απροσμικτος(轉寫:aprosmiktos,意即「不合群的、孤獨的」),來自古爾德當時認為其相較於玫瑰鸚鵡而言較陰沉的習性。[12]
形態特徵
本屬鳥類擁有醒目的翅膀紅斑,為雌雄異形。[4]與國王鸚鵡屬及麝香鸚鵡屬相比時,紅翅鸚鵡屬的物種體型較小(體長約30—35公分),尾巴較短而方。[13]
保護情況
該屬鸚鵡均受《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》所保護,並被列於附錄二內。[14]在《國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》中,紅翅鸚鵡被劃為無危物種,但橄欖肩紅翅鸚鵡則因較小的族群數量及棲地遭開發的原因被劃為近危物種。[15][16]
下屬物種
本屬包含以下兩個物種:[2]
- 橄欖肩紅翅鸚鵡 Aprosmictus jonquillaceus (Vieillot, 1818)
- 紅翅鸚鵡 Aprosmictus erythropterus (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
參考資料
- ^ H&M4 Checklist family by family - The Trust for Avian Systematics. The Turst for Avian Systematics. [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-24) (英语).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. [2022-08-17] (英语).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Joseph, Leo; Toon, Alicia; Schirtzinger, Erin E.; Wright, Timothy F.; Schodde, Richard. A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes). Zootaxa. 2012-02-24, 3205 (1): 26 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2. (原始内容存档于2022-04-30) (英语).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Forshaw, Joseph M.; Knight, Frank. Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Princeton University Press. 2010-09: 114. ISBN 9781400836208 (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Mathews, Gregory M. Rothschild, Lionel Walter , 编. On some necessary alterations in the nomenclature of birds. Novitates zoologicae : a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum (Zoological Museum). 1911-06, 18 (1): 13 [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-20) (英语).
- ^ Gould, J. Zoological Society of London , 编. On two New Genera of Birds belonging, one to the Family Sylviadae, and the other to the Family Psittacidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (Academic Press). 1841, 10: 111 [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-01-27) (英语及拉丁语).
- ^ Gould, John. The Birds of Australia 1. London: self. 1842: lxv [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-21) (英语).
- ^ Gray, George Robert. British Museum (Natural History) , 编. Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees. 1855: 86 [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-14) (英语).
- ^ Gould, John. Handbook to The birds of Australia 2. self. : 37 [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-13) (英语).
- ^ Gray, George Robert. British Museum (Natural History) , 编. Hand-list of genera and species of birds : distinguishing those contained in the British Museum. printed by order of the Trustees. 1870: 138 [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-07) (英语).
- ^ Smith, Brian Tilston; Merwin, Jon; Provost, Kaiya L; Thom, Gregory; Brumfield, Robb T; Ferreira, Mateus; Mauck, William M; Moyle, Robert G; Wright, Timothy F; Joseph, Leo. Phylogenomic Analysis of the Parrots of the World Distinguishes Artifactual from Biological Sources of Gene Tree Discordance. Systematic Biology. 2023-05-19, 72 (1): 228–241 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac055. (原始内容存档于2023-09-27) (英语).
- ^ Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010: 51. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 (英语).
- ^ Juniper, Tony. Parrots : a guide to parrots of the world. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1998: 329–330 [2023-10-12]. ISBN 978-0-300-07453-6 (英语).
- ^ CITES. Appendices (PDF). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Main navigation. [2023-06-24]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-07-02) (英语).
- ^ Ekstrom, J.; Butchart, S. Red-winged Parrot (Aprosmictus erythropterus) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-14) (英语).
- ^ Benstead, P.; Bird, J.; Khwaja, N.; Taylor, J. Jonquil Parrot (Aprosmictus jonquillaceus) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-27) (英语).
外部連結
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