碘化铋是绿黑色晶体,化学式BiI3。
晶体结构
碘化铋的晶体结构特殊,晶胞中碘按六方最密堆积,铋隔一层填充于三分之二的八面体空隙,形成一种层状结构。[3][4]
合成
碘化铋可直接从单质合成,加热碘和铋的混合粉末:[5]
- 2Bi+3I2 → 2BiI3
也可用氢碘酸溶解氧化铋得到碘化铋:
- Bi2O3(s)+6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s)+3H2O(l)
反应
碘化铋不溶于水,可用碘离子定性检验溶液中的Bi3+,得黑色沉淀。[6]
与I-溶液共热,碘化铋溶解生成配阴离子:[7]
- 2 NaI+BiI3 → Na2[BiI5]
参考资料
- ^ Norman, Nicholas C., Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer: 95, 1998 [2008-06-03], ISBN 0-7514-0389-X
- ^ 341010 Bismuth(III) iodide 99%. Sigma-Aldrich. [2008-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-12).
- ^
Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A., Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction, CRC Press: 40, 2005 [2008-06-19], ISBN 0-7487-7516-1
- ^
Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W., Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, CRC Press: 122–6, 2002 [2008-06-19], ISBN 0-7487-6420-8
- ^ Erdmann, Hugo; Dunlap, Frederick Leavy, Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, New York: John Wiley & Sons: 76, 1900 [2008-06-19]
- ^
Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N., Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, CRC Press: 549, 2003 [2008-06-19], ISBN 0-8493-1573-5
- ^
Norman, Nicholas C., Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer: 168–70, 1998 [2008-06-19], ISBN 0-7514-0389-X
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