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海蜘蛛，是海蜘蛛綱的总称，因形似蜘蛛，故名。
特征
- 头胸部前端有口，上面有4个小隆起，上面有单眼；
- 腹部不发达，为一小突起；
- 头胸部有4对长足，末端有钩爪，前方有一对小螯肢；
- 具有增节变态的发育模式。
下属分类
本科包括以下属：
- 砂海蛛科 Ammotheidae
- Achelia Hodge, 1864
- Acheliana Arnaud, 1971
- 砂海蛛属 Ammothea Leach, 1814
- Ammothella Verrill, 1900
- Austroraptus Hodgson, 1907
- Cilunculus Loman, 1908
- Dromedopycnon Child, 1982
- Elassorhis Child, 1982
- Hannonia Hoek, 1881
- Hedgpethius Child, 1974
- Hemichela Stock, 1954
- Megarhethus Child, 1982
- Megarhetus
- Neotrygaeus Munilla & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2014
- Nymphopsis Haswell, 1884
- Oorhynchus Hoek, 1881
- Paranymphon Caullery, 1896
- Pariboea Philippi, 1843
- Pasithoe Goodsir, 1842
- Proboehmia Stock, 1991
- Prototrygaeus Stock, 1975
- Scipiolus Loman, 1908
- Sericosura Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969
- Tanystylum Miers, 1879
- Teratonotum Sabroux, Corbari, Krapp, Bonillo, Le Prieur & Hassanin, 2017
- Ammothoidae
- Ascorhynchidae
- 澳海蛛科 Austrodecidae
- 美海蛛科 Callipallenidae
- 巨吻海蛛科 Colossendeidae
- 吻海蛛科 Endeidae
- 有絲海蛛科 Nymphonidae
- Pallenopsidae
- 裸腳海蜘蛛科 Phoxichilidiidae ，尖海蛛科
- 海蛛科 Pycnogonidae
- Rhynchothoracidae
- 科的地位未定的属：
- Alcinous Costa, 1861
- Alcynous Costa, 1861
- Astridium Dana, 1849
- Bango Bamber, 2004
- Benthocryptus Jarzynsky, 1870
- Chonothea Nakamura & Child, 1983
- Decachela Hilton, 1939
- Dechachela Hilton, 1939
- Ephyrogymna Hedgpeth, 1943
- Flagellopantopus Poschmann & Dunlop, 2005
- Foxichilus Costa, 1836
- Fragilia Loman, 1908
- Gnamptorhynchus Böhm, 1879
- Mimipallene Child, 1982
- Oiceobathes Hesse, 1867
- Oiceobathys Hesse, 1867
- Oomerus Hesse, 1874
- Palaeonymphon Léon, 1933
- Palaeothea Bergstrom, Sturmer & Winter, 1980
- Parachelia Czerniavsky, 1861
- Paralcinous Schimkewitsch, 1906
- Paritoca Philippi, 1842
- Pentapalacopycon
- Pentapalaeopycnon Hedgpeth, 1978
- Pephredo Goodsir, 1841
- Pephredro Goodsir, 1842
- Phanodemus Costa, 1836
- Phoxichilus Wagner, 1854
- Phoxychilis Berthold, 1827
- Platychelus Costa, 1861
- Polygonopus Pallas, 1766
- Polygotum Baster, 1765
- Pycnothea Loman, 1921
- Rigona Loman, 1908
- Scaeorhynchus Wilson, 1881
习性
海蜘蛛一般栖息于海滨，匍匐于海藻上面或岩石下，会携带和保护刚产下的卵。通常什麼事情都不做
演化历史
在Hunsrück Slate发现了Palaeoisopus problematicus。生存于泥盆纪，足展可以达到40厘米，第一步足粗壮有力而且前端带有一个小爪子，可能是捕食性的凶猛种类。
参考文献
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