根據 Bryan Levman 的說法,在傳統佛教的經、律、論 中,巴利語 sati 這個字有「記憶和紀念」之意,且若去掉了記憶這個元素,吾人便無法理解、應用、和實踐「正念」[80]。
根據 Robert Sharf 的說法,梵語 smṛti 這個字最初是指「去記得、去重拾、去記住」的神聖吠陀經語意。而在《念處經》中,巴利語 sati 則是指去記得人世間可見的現象本質:法[79]。Sharf 用《彌蘭王問經》來說明,「念」起可使人想起有益之法,如想起正念的四個基礎(即四念住或四念處):身念住、受念住、心念住、法念住;想起五力:信力、精進力、念力、定力、慧力;和想起八正道:正見、正思維、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定[79]。
根據 Rupert Gethin 的說法,
巴利語 sati 可用來覺知法、覺知事體關係、覺知相對價值。應用到四念住時,sati 可使瑜珈練習者「記得」人所感受到的事物都與萬物有關,亦即感官世界的拙劣、善惡、高下、黑白等,皆為相互存在[79][81]。
Sharf 進一步指出,由於四念住須對現象出現時進行適當的道德價值區分,而四念住指的即是八正道中的「正念(正向的念頭。身受心法四念住,需與正見和正精進共同合作)」。因此四念住與現今對 sati 的流行詮釋「無遮的、純粹的注意力」毫無關係[79]。據此,sati 所表達的就是「許多心念的狀況」,是故最合乎 mindfulness 原意的中文名詞即為正念[82](或念)。
Georges Dreyfus 也提到將 mindfulness 定義為「無遮的、純粹的注意力」或「不費心、無評斷、當下自我中心的覺知」似乎不夠完善。佛學語意中的 mindfulness 包含「記得」之意,其功能也涵蓋了訊息之保留[83]。Sharf 注意到佛教徒平日練習的目標在於正確視野或正確觀念,並非僅是無遮的、純粹的注意力[84]。Jay L. Garfield 引述寂天和其他資料,提到 mindfulness 有二個功能:提醒和謹記。從佛學範疇和現今 mindfulness 字詞源流來看,Garfield 認為正念練習和道德修養有直接關係[85]。
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