Nimrud

Nimrud
Một lamassu tại phía tây bắc cung điện của Ashurnasirpal II
Nimrud trên bản đồ Iraq
Nimrud
Vị trí tại Iraq
Tên khácKalhu, Calah, Kalakh
Vị tríNoomanea, Nineveh Province, Iraq
VùngMesopotamia
LoạiSettlement
Diện tích3,6 km2 (1,4 dặm vuông Anh)

Nimrud (tiếng Ả Rập: النمرود‎) là tên Arab sau này cho một thành phố cổ nằm ở phía nam Assyrian Mosul trên sông Tigris ở miền bắc Mesopotamia. Các nhà khảo cổ tin rằng thành phố được đặt tên theo Nimrud trong thời hiện đại theo Nimrod Kinh Thánh, một anh hùng huyền thoại săn[1][2]. Thành phố được xác định là thành phố Kinh Thánh của Calah (Kalhu, Kalakh; trong tiếng Do Thái כלח và trong tiếng Hy Lạp χαλαχ), lần đầu tiên được gọi cùng với Nimrod trong Genesis 10, bởi Henry Rawlinson vào năm 1850 trên cơ sở của một diễn giải có thể có của hình nêm tên riêng của thành phố như "Levekh"[3][4].

Tháng 3 năm 2015, những kẻ khủng bố thuộc tổ chức ISIL đã công bố những video cho thấy việc phá hủy thành phố cổ này. Hiện nay, chính quyền độc lập vẫn chưa xác định được mức độ thiệt hại.[5]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Genesis 10:11-12, Micah 5:5, and 1Chronicles 1:10
  2. ^ Brill's Encyclopedia of Islam 1913-36, p.923, "Nimrud": "At the present day the site is known only as Nimrud, which so far as I know first appears in Niebuhr (1778, p. 355, 368). When this, now the usual, name arose is unknown; I consider it to be of modern origin. It should be noted that names like Nimrod, Tell Nimrod, etc. are not found in the geographical nomenclature of Mesopotamia and the Iraq in the middle ages, while they are several times met with at the present day."
  3. ^ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 12, page 417, quote "The title by which it is designated on the bricks and slabs that form its buildings, I read doubtfully as Levekh, and I suspect this to be the original form of the name which appears as Calah in Genesis, and Halah in Kings and Chronicles..."
  4. ^ The Conquest of Assyria, Mogens Trolle Larsen, 2014, Routledge, page 217, quote: "Rawlinson explained to his audience that the large Assyrian ruin mounds could now be given their proper names: Nimrud was Calah..."
  5. ^ Karim Abou Merhi (ngày 5 tháng 3 năm 2015). “IS 'bulldozed' ancient Assyrian city of Nimrud, Iraq says”. AFP. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 3 năm 2015.

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