Tresäde

Tresäde, även treskiftesbruk, trevångsbruk och tredingsbruk, är ett gammalt system inom jordbruket, vilket innebär att man delar in en åkermark i tre gärden (vångar, skiften). Ett av gärdena får ligga i träda medan de två övriga bär mognande säd, vanligen höstsäd närmast efter trädet och därefter vårsäd – dessa skiftas sedan varje år.

Denna växtföljd började användas på 700-talet och kom i allmänt bruk genom att Karl den store befallde att det skulle införas vid alla kronans gods i stället för den planlösa omväxling av grödorna som varit vanlig tidigare. Vid medeltidens slut var treskiftesbruket det allmännaste brukningssättet i större delen av Europa. Då en mängd hävdvunna bruk och lagbestämmelser (byordningar) grundats på treskiftesbruket vidhölls det med stor envishet och avskaffades först i samband med de jordbruksreformer som i de flesta länder började genomföras under senare delen av 1700-talet.

Sverige

I Sverige var det vid början av 1800-talet det förhärskande brukningssystemet i Skåne, Småland, angränsande delar av Östergötland, Värmland, Närke, Gotland och Öland samt i vissa delar av Blekinge, Halland, Västergötland och Dalsland samt Gävleborgs och Västernorrlands län. Systemet användes främst i områden med bördig odlingsmark eller områden med god tillgång på gödsel. Ofta i områden längs gränsen mellan ensäde och tvåsäde.[1]

Då mer och mer av ängsmarken omvandlades till åkermark blev det nödvändigt att övergå från treskiftesbruk, som inte lämnade annat djurfoder än halm, till sådana växtföljder i vilka även foderodling ingick. Detta och andra orsaker ledde till att treskiftesbruket övergavs under 1800-talet.

Se även

Källor

  1. ^ Medeltidens åkersbruk, Janken Myrdal s. 71.

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