Возможно, её необходимо правильно оформить, дополнить или переписать. Пояснение причин и обсуждение — на странице Википедия:К улучшению/13 августа 2023.
Список ниже включает известных одрисских царей Фракии, но большая его часть является предположительной, основанной на неполных источниках и различной интерпретации нумизматических и археологических открытий. Также включены другие фракийские цари, в том числе, и не одрисские[44][45]. Одрисские цари, хотя и назывались царями Фракии, никогда не правили всей Фракией[46]. Контролируемая ими территория менялась в зависимости от племенных отношений[47].
Терес I, сын Одриса? (480[48]/450/430 BC[49]; первый зафиксированный в античных источниках правитель фракийского племени одрисов, которое жило на равнине Гебра.)
Асты — племенной союз VI века до н. э. — I века до н. э. во внутренней части восточной Фракии к югу и северу от Тинона (Θυνών). Одрисско-астеанское царство считается возможным продолжение ранней Одрисской монархии под руководством династии царей, правивших из Визиэ (ныне Визе) в восточной Фракии[64].
Котис VII, сын Садала II и Полемократии (31—18 до н. э.)
Рескупорид II, сын Котиса VII и дочери сапейского царя Котиса II, убит бессами (18—11 до н. э.)
В 11 году до н. э. римский император Август даровал Астейскую Фракию дяде Рескупорида II по материнской линии, сапейскому царю Реметалку I, тем самым объединив Фракию[66]
Сапейское царство
Первоначально цари саппев были местной силой в Родопском регионе южной Фракии, но затем их могущество и влияние возросли, и с благословения римлян они стали хозяевами объединённой Фракии в перид с 11 года до н. э. до римской аннексии в 46 году н. э.[67]
Последние клиентские (проримские) правители Фракии: Пифодорида II[англ.] (царица) и Реметалк III;[71] Реметалк III, сын Рескупорида II, (38—46); женился на дочери своего кузена Пифодориде II]] (дочери Котиса III и Антонии Трифены), убит женой.
Mars was father of Cupid, Anteros, and Harmonia, by the goddess Venus. He had Ascalaphus and Ialmenus by Astyoche; Alcippe by Agraulos; Molus, Pylus, Euenus, and Thestius, by Demonice the daughter of Agenor. Besides these, he was the reputed father of Romulus, Oenomaus, Bythis, Thrax, Diomedes of Thrace, &c.
↑William Smith, Ed.Harpalyce. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (англ.). Perseus Digital Library. Tufts University. Дата обращения: 8 сентября 2024.
↑Tyana (Kemerhisar)(англ.). Turkish Archaeological News (20 ноября 2016). — «In the Hellenistic period, the city got another name - Thoana - in honor of its mythical founder, the Thracian king Thoas». Дата обращения: 8 сентября 2024.
↑PeirosАрхивная копия от 23 февраля 2023 на Wayback Machine, Peiros. Thracian leader, son of Imbrasus and father of Rhigmus. He was killed by Thoas, Leader of the Aetolians (Hom.Il.4.520ff., 20.484ff.).
↑RhesusАрхивная копия от 15 октября 2022 на Wayback Machine
Rhesus 2 is chiefly remembered because he came from Thrace to defend Troy with great pomp and circumstance, but died on the night of his arrival, without ever engaging in battle.
↑Polymestor, «Polymestor 1 (Polymnestor). This is the king of the Bistonians in Thrace»
↑CarnabonАрхивная копия от 29 сентября 2022 на Wayback Machine, «Carnabon. King of the Getae in Thrace who came into power when grain was first given to men [see also Lyncus, and CONSTELLATIONS] [Hyg.Ast.2.14].»
↑Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 41: «… Trixae and Sophocles (Triptolem, FR 547) mentions a local king, Charnabon, as a typical anti-hero.»
↑The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, ISBN 0-19-860641-9, page 1515, «The Thracians were subdued by the Persians by 516»
The generals of the Cebrenii and Sycaeboae, two Thracian tribes, were chosen from among the priests of Hera. Cosingas, according to the tradition of the country, was elected to be their priest and general; but the army took some objection to him, and refused to obey him. To suppress the rebelliousness that had taken hold of the troops, Cosingas built a number of long ladders, and fastened them one to another. He then put out a report, that he had decided to climb up to heaven, in order to inform Hera of the disobedience of the Thracians. The Thracians, who are notoriously stupid and ridiculous, were terrified by the idea of their general’s intended journey, and the resulting wrath of heaven. They implored him not to carry out his plan, and they promised with an oath to obey all of his future commands.
↑The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998, ISBN 0-19-815047-4, page 106
↑Ancient Coins of Greek Cities and Kings: From Various Collections Principally in Great Britain by James Millingen, 2004, page 42:
Оригинальный текст (англ.)
silver mines so renowned in history. A coin of Geta, king of the Edones, with the legend FETAI HAONEON BAIIAEYI of the same types, …
… Danube, and by winning a signal victory over Syrmus, the King of the Triballi. After this, as he heard that the Thebans had revolted, …
↑The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 1515:
Оригинальный текст (англ.)
… *Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, and *Cicero calls Rabocentus, chief of the Bessi, a faithful ally, although hitherto they had been troublesome …
↑The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 6: The Fourth Century BC by D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Simon Hornblower, and M. Ostwald, 1994, page 463: "Agis, king of Paeonians".
↑Catalogue of Greek Coins: Thessaly to Aetolia by Percy Gardner, 2004, Front Matter: «… present to the money of Philip II. of Macedon, and Lycceius and Audoleon, kings of Paeonia, that they must be given …»
↑Catalogue of Greek Coins: Thessaly to Aetolia by Percy Gardner, 2004, Front Matter: "... present to the money of Philip II. of Macedon, and Lycceius and Audoleon, kings of Paeonia, that they must be given..."
↑A Guide to the Principal Gold and Silver Coins of the Ancients: From Circ. B. C. 700 to a. D. 1. (1895) by British Museum Dept. of Coins and Medals, 2009, page 62: «… of Athena, facing. Bee. AYAnA EONTOZ. Horse. Wt. 193.4 grs. Patraus and his son Audoleon reigned over Paeonia between B.C. 340 …»
↑A Guide to the Principal Gold and Silver Coins of the Ancients: From Circ. B. C. 700 to a. D. 1. (1895) by British Museum Dept. of Coins and Medals, 2009, page 62: "... Patraus and his son Audoleon reigned over Paaonia between B.C. 340 ..."
↑Polyaenus, Stratagems of War, 4.12.3Архивная копия от 20 сентября 2017 на Wayback Machine, «Lysimachus conducted Ariston, son of Autoleon, to his father’s kingdom in Paeonia; under pretence that the royal youth might be acknowledged by his subjects, and treated with due respect. But as soon as he had bathed in the royal baths in the river Arisbus, and they had set before him an elegant banquet, according to the custom of his country, Lysimachus ordered his guards to arm. Ariston instantly mounted his horse and escaped to the land of the Dardani; and Lysimachus was left in possession of Paeonia.»
↑ 12Pausanias, Description of Greece Phocis and Ozolian Locri, 10.13.1, «A bronze head of the Paeonian bull called the bison was sent to Delphi by the Paeonian king Dropion, son of Leon.»
↑Петрова Е. Пајонските племиња и Пајонското кралство во II и I. милениум пред н. е. // Macedoniae acta archaeologica бр. 12 (1991). С. 54, 63, 78, 123
↑The Oxford Illustrated History of Prehistoric Europe (Oxford Illustrated Histories) by Barry Cunliffe, 2001, page 380
↑Strabo, Geography(7.5.2), "A part of this country was laid waste by the Dacians when they subdued the Boii and Taurisci, Celtic tribes under the rule of Critasirus"
↑The Ancient Celts by Barry Cunliffe, ISBN 0-14-025422-6, 2000, page 86: "... distinguished suggests that one of the returning groups, led by Bathanatos, finally settled in the Middle Danube region at the confluence ..."
↑Celts - a History, The by Daithi O HOgain, ISBN 1-905172-20-6, 2006, page 60, "... those who, on their return from Greece under their leader Bathanatos, had settled at the confluence of the Danube and the ..."
↑Celts and the Classical World by David Rankin, ISBN 0-415-15090-6, 1996, page 189: "According to Polybius, the last of the kings of Tylis, Cavarus, was a man of magnanimity and regal character" (8.24).
↑Heckel, Waldemar. Who’s Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander’s Empire. Blackwell Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1-4051-1210-7, p. 155. «In 306 or 305, he assumed the title of „King“, which he held until his death at Corupedium in 282/1.»
↑Heckel, Waldemar. Who’s Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander’s Empire. Blackwell Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1-4051-1210-7, p. 155. "In 323 Lysimachus was assigned control of Thrace, and was probably strategos rather than satrap. The subordinate position of strategos may account for the failure of the sources to mention Lysimachus in the settlement of Triparadeisus; his brother Autodicus was, however, named as a Somatophylax of Philip III at that time
↑The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 by Christopher Webber, ISBN 1-84176-329-2, 2001, page 11, «Philip V of Macedon occupied all the cities in Thrace up to the Hellespont.»
↑Ian Mladjov.Rulers of Thrace: chronology 450 BC-AD 46(англ.). Ian Mladjov's Resources (июль 2021). — Ian Mladjov, Thracian Kings, University of Michigan. Compare Werner 1961: 111-114, 239-240; Topalov 1994. Дата обращения: 14 сентября 2024.
↑Stavri Topalov. Одриското царство от края на V до средата на IV в. пр. н. е. Приноси към проучване монетосеченето и историята му (болг.) / илюстратор: Красимир Георгиев. — София: Самиздат, 1994. — 188 с. — ISBN 9548556030.
↑Манов в 2015 году датировад монеты и надпись, называющую «Рескупорид, сын Котиса», началом I века нашей эры и утверждает, что это сапейский Котис III и его дядя Рескупорид II/III. Эта гипотеза противоречит отцовско-сыновним отношениям между Котисом и Рескупоридом в источниках.
↑Mladjov, Thracian Kings, University of Michigan, who also gives an alternative sequence should Rhoegus be placed in the early Third Century BC: «But if Roigos is dated to the early 3rd century and was a son of Seuthēs III (e.g., Kojčev 2008), the pedigree and succession could be restored as follows: Seuthēs III-Roigos-Seuthēs IV-Tērēs IV-Seuthēs V; our Tērēs VI would become Tērēs V.» Compare Werner 1961: 114—117, 239.
↑D. Dana, Inscriptions, in: J. Valeva et al. (eds.), A Companion to Ancient Thrace, Wiley, 2015: 247.
↑* A. Kojčev, "Trakijskite odriski carski pogrebenija, hramove i grobnici — opit za opredeljane na vladetelskata prinadležnost, " in T. Kănčeva-Ruseva (ed.), Arheologičeski i istoričeski proučvanija v Novozagorsko 2, Sofija 2008: 134—135, 167—169.
↑The History Of Rome by Livy, 2004, ISBN 1-4191-6629-8, page 27: "Pleuratus and Scerdilaedus might be included in the treaty. Attalus was king of Pergamum in Asia Minor; Pleuratus, king of the Thracians;
↑Tačeva 1997: 83-95, 246—247, develops an alternative to the long-dominant reconstruction of the political, chronological, and genealogical relationships reflected in this list (established by Dessau in 1913 and widely accepted, e.g., Sullivan 1990), having the Odrysian-Astaean line end with Sadalas II in 42 BC, making Cotys VII the brother (not brother-in-law) of the Sapaean Rhoemetalces I, and identifying Cotys VII’s son Rhescuporis II (not Rhoemetalces I’s brother, the Sapaean Rhescuporis II) as the father of Rhoemetalces II. Despite some improbabilities, this reconstruction has gained some acceptance at least as a viable alternative. A variation on this reconstruction by Delev 2016b accepts ending the Odrysian-Astaean line with Sadalas II (whom he combines with Sadalas III to end c. 31 BC), followed by Cotys VII, older brother (not brother-in-law) of the Sapaean Rhoemetalces I, and father of Rhescuporis II, but not grandfather of Rhoemetalces II (who would remain son of the Sapaean Rhescuporis II/III, the younger brother of Rhoemetalces I). In Delev 2016a, the same author posits that Cotys VII need not have reigned.
↑Mladjov, Thracian Kings, University of Michigan, «On the death of the last Astaean king in 11 BC, the Roman emperor Augustus conferred all of Thrace on the dead king’s Sapaean uncle Roimētalkēs I. In AD 46, on the murder of Roimētalkēs III by his wife, the kingdom of Thrace was annexed as a province by the Roman emperor Claudius I.»
↑Tačeva 1997: 83-95, 246—247, develops an alternative to the long-dominant reconstruction of the political, chronological, and genealogical relationships reflected in this list (established by Dessau in 1913 and widely accepted, e.g., Sullivan 1990), having the Odrysian-Astaean line end with Sadalas II in 42 BC, making Cotys VII the brother (not brother-in-law) of the Sapaean Rhoemetalces I, and identifying Cotys VII’s son Rhescuporis II (not Rhoemetalces I’s brother, the Sapaean Rhescuporis II) as the father of Rhoemetalces II. Despite some improbabilities, this reconstruction has gained some acceptance at least as a viable alternative. A variation on this reconstruction by Delev 2016b accepts ending the Odrysian-Astaean line with Sadalas II (whom he combines with Sadalas III to end c. 31 BC), followed by Cotys VII, older brother (not brother-in-law) of the Sapaean Rhoemetalces I, and father of Rhescuporis II, but not grandfather of Rhoemetalces II (who would remain son of the Sapaean Rhescuporis II/III, the younger brother of Rhoemetalces I). In Delev 2016a, the same author posits that Cotys VII need not have reigned. If Delev’s reconstruction is correct, the Sapaean unification of Thrace would be under Cotys II in 31 BC, and he would be followed by his grandson Rhescuporis II, then the latter’s uncle and guardian (Cotys II’s son) Rhoemetalces I, the remaining relationships remaining unchanged from the ones indicated in this list, except perhaps for the numeration of rulers named Cotys and Rhescuporis.
↑Antonia Tryphaena (неопр.). British Museum. Дата обращения: 1 сентября 2022.
↑Платон.Хармид(рус.). Платоновское философское общество. — «Так вот, фракиец этот говорил, будто эллинские врачи правильно передают то, что я тебе сейчас поведал; но Залмоксид, сказал он, наш царь, будучи богом…». Дата обращения: 15 сентября 2024. Архивировано 20 сентября 2018 года.
↑Radu Ocheşeanu, Monedele basileului Moskon aflate în colecţiile Muzeului de arheologie Constanţa (=Coins of Basileus Moskon in the collections of the Archaeological Museum at Constantza), în Pontica 3 (1970), p. 125-128.
↑Kurt W. Treptow and Ioan Bolovan in “A history of Romania - East European Monographs”, 1996, ISBN 9780880333450, page 17 "…Two inscriptions discovered at Histria indicate that Geto-Dacian rulers (Zalmodegikos and later Rhemaxos) continued to exercise control over that city-state around 200 BC…"
↑Oltean, Ioana A. Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization : [англ.]. — 2007. — P. 49; 72. — «At least two of his successors, Comosicus and Scorillo/Corilus/Scoriscus, became high priests and eventually Dacian kings».
↑Taylor, Timothy. Northeastern European Iron Age pages 210-221 and East Central European Iron Age pages 79-90 : [англ.]. — Springer Published in conjunction with the Human Relations Area Files, 2001. — P. 215. — ISBN 978-0-306-46258-0.
↑Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47, "Kings Coson (who minted his own coins) and Duras…"
↑Readings in Greek History: Sources and Interpretations by D. Brendan Nagle and Stanley M. Burstein, ISBN 0-19-517825-4, 2006, page 26: «… Ariapeithes, the Scythian king, had several sons, among them, … by Spargapeithes, king of the Agathyrsi; whereupon Scylas succeeded to the throne, and married one of …»