血管透過性・滞留性亢進効果(Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect、EPR効果)とは、ある程度大きな分子(一般的にはリポソーム、ナノ粒子、高分子薬剤)が腫瘍組織に蓄積する傾向があり、正常組織に蓄積するよりも遥かに高濃度に達するという概念である[1][2]。1986年に熊本大学医学部の松村、前田により初めて報告された[3]。EPR効果は受動的標的薬物療法の一種である。この概念には疑義もある[4][5]。
^Duncan, R.; Sat Y.-N. (1998). “Tumour targeting by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect”. Ann. Oncol.9 (Suppl.2): 39.article should be listed here: http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/suppl_2 but something is wrong with the citation info.[要検証 – ノート]
^Danhier, F. (December 2016). “To exploit the tumor microenvironment: Since the EPR effect fails in the clinic, what is the future of nanomedicine?”. Journal of Controlled Release244 (Pt A): 108-121. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.015. PMID27871992.
^ abcdefR. Haag, F. Kratz: Polymere Therapeutika: Konzepte und Anwendungen. In: Angew Chem. 118, 2006, S. 1218-1237. doi:10.1002/ange.200502113
^P. Caliceti, F. M. Veronese: Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-protein conjugates. In: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 55, 2003, 1261-1277. (Review) PMID14499706
^F. Vögtle u. a.: Dendritische Moleküle. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8351-0116-6, S. 331.
^H. Maeda u. a.: Mechanism of tumor-targeted delivery of macromolecular drugs, including the EPR effect in solid tumor and clinical overview of the prototype polymeric drug SMANCS. In: J Control Release. 74, 2001, S. 47-61. PMID11489482 (Review)
^K. Greish u. a.: Macromolecular therapeutics: advantages and prospects with special emphasis on solid tumour targeting. In: Clin Pharmacokinet. 42, 2003, S. 1089-1105. PMID14531722 (Review)
^R. Satchi-Fainaro: Targeting tumor vasculature: reality or a dream? In: J Drug Targeting. 10, 2002, S. 529-533. PMID12683719
^Poon RT, Borys N (February 2009). “Lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin: a novel approach to enhance efficacy of thermal ablation of liver cancer”. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy10 (2): 333-343. doi:10.1517/14656560802677874. PMID19236203.
^H. Maeda u. a.: Tailormaking of protein drugs by polymer conjugation for tumor targeting: a brief review on smancs. In: J Protein Chem. 3, 1983, S. 181-193.
^D. R. Senger u. a.: Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. In: Science. 219, 1983, S. 983-985. PMID6823562
^H. F. Dvorak u. a.: Regulation of extravascular coagulation by microvascular permeability. In: Science. 227, 1985, S. 1059-1061. PMID3975602
^I. L. Peterson u. a.: Capillary permeability of two transplantable rat tumors as compared with various normal organs of the rat. In: Bibl Anat. 12, 1973, S. 511-518. PMID4790386
^F. C. Courtice: The origin of lipoprotein in lymph. In: H. S. Mayersen (Hrsg.): Lymph and the Lymphatic System. Verlag C. C Thomas Springfield, IL, 1963, S. 89-126.
^H. Ringsdorf: Structure and properties of pharmacologically active polymers. In: J Polym Sci Polym Symp. 51, 1975, S. 135-153.
^Wilhelm S, Taveres AJ, Dai Q, Ohta S, Audet J, Dvorak HF, Chan WC (April 2016). “Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours”. Nature Reviews Materials1 (5): 16014. Bibcode: 2016NatRM...116014W. doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.14.