ロシア人,ウクライナ人, ベラルーシ人についてはナチスはスラヴ人を下等人種(ウンターメンシュ)とみなし、ソ連の多数の民間人が殺害されたり、餓死、強制労働の被害者となった[52]。Cambridge History of Russiaによればナチス占領のソ連地域では137万(そのうちユダヤ人は200万)、ソ連地域では260万が犠牲となり、戦時中にはソ連のグラグ収容所や強制移住で少なくとも100万が犠牲となり、著者のモーリン・ペリーは「スターリンとヒトラーは双方ともこの被害に責任がある」と指摘している[53]。Bohdan Wytwyckyはウクライナの民間人300万、ベラルーシ人140万が人種的な理由で犠牲となったとしている[54][55]。P.R.Magocsiもウクライナ人300万と非ユダヤ人がナチスの犠牲となったとしている[56]。ディーター・ポールは、ソ連においてナチスはパルチザン弾圧で50万を殺害、飢餓計画(英語版)で100万、ソ連兵捕虜300万、ユダヤ人100万が犠牲になったとしている[57]。ゲオルギー・クマネフ(Georgiy A. Kumanev)は、ナチス占領のソ連では総計820万が犠牲となった(内訳はウクライナ人400万、ベラルーシ人250万、ロシア人170万)とした[58]。
1939年のソ連によるポーランド併合には西ウクライナ、西ベラルーシ、ヴィリニュス地域を含み、人口は1300万であった。これには戦後返還されたビャウィストクやen:Zakerzoniaも含まれる。1941年にポーランド亡命政府は併合された地域の人口を13,299,000人と主張した[79]。ポーランドの研究者は併合地域の200万が犠牲になったとしている[80]。ポーランド、ルーマニア、バルト諸国、チェコの併合地域の人口については League of Nations' Yearbook 1942–1944に基づいた[71]
ポーランド国家記銘院の2009年調査ではソ連の弾圧で15万のポーランド人が犠牲になったとした[80]。Andrzej Paczkowskiはソ連によって100万の強制移住者のうち9-10万が犠牲になり、3万人が処刑されたとした[98]。2005年には Tadeusz Piotrowskiがソ連による被害は35万と推定した[99]。エストニアの政府調査委員会では、ソ連によるエストニア民間人の1940–1941年の犠牲は33,900人で、内訳は逮捕後の死者7,800、抑留流刑の死者6,000、行方不明1,100、強制労働14,000人。1944–45年のソ連占領後は5000人が犠牲になったとした[100]
R. J. Rummelは日本軍による民衆殺戮によって総計5,424,000人が犠牲となった(内訳:中国人3,695,000、インドシナ人457,000、朝鮮人378,000、インドネシア人375,000、マレー・シンガポール人283,000、フィリピン人 119,000,ビルマ人 60,000、太平洋諸島57,000人)としている[7][126]。
R. J. Rummelは日本軍による捕虜殺害は総計539,000人(内訳:中国人40万、フランスインドシナ3万、フィリピン27,300、オランダ25,000、フランス14,000、イギリス13,000、イギリス植民地11,000、アメリカ合衆国10,700、オーストラリア8,000人)であるとしている[7][126]
Ho Ping-tiの1959年の研究では総計1500万–2000万で、戦闘で150万、行方不明が75万、病気で150万、300万が負傷となっている。また民間人は1,073,496人が死亡、237,319人が負傷、重慶爆撃では335,934が死亡、 426,249が負傷とした[196]。1985年に発表された中国人民政治協商会議編『重慶抗戦紀事』では重慶爆撃の犠牲者数は11,889人とされている[197]。
R. J. Rummelは総計19,605,000人、国共軍の軍事的損失: 340万 (捕虜 40万を含む) 、親日軍の損失は432,000、民間人は380万が戦闘で殺害され3,549,000人が日本軍によって虐殺された(捕虜40万含まず)が犠牲となったといっている[198]。
ギリシャ政府賠償局(The Greek National Council for Reparations from Germany)は、戦死 35,077(ギリシャ・イタリア戦争での戦死 13,327、中東でのギリシア軍戦死1,100 、パルチザン 20,650)、民間人771,845(枢軸国による被害56,225 ; ユダヤ人含むドイツ強制収容所での犠牲105,000 ; 空襲によるもの7,120 ; 商船員3,500 ; 戦争に由来する飢饉60万と発表している[252]。ユダヤ人犠牲は69,500[32]。
ロシア科学アカデミーの1993年報告では2660万が被害になった[13][70]。S. N. Mikhalevは損失は1090万以上とする[327][328]。マイケルヘインズは戦死者の総計は不明だが、人口統計学的手法によって2660万以上の被害と平時における161万人の自然死からの推算で427万人が死亡したとする[82]。ソ連の民間人犠牲にはバルト諸国の65万[329]、ポーランド200万[80][308]、ルーマニア30万、チェコスロバキア5万[32]、ユダヤ人の犠牲(非常国家委員会資料[330][331][332])も含まれる。
1995年のロシア科学アカデミーは、ドイツ占領下のソ連では総計1370万(内訳:ナチスによる虐殺740万、強制労働で220万、飢えと病気で410万)とした[53][333]。ソ連の民間人犠牲にはドイツが占領していない地域での飢饉による被害250-320万も含まれる[334]。戦後1946–47年の100万の飢饉犠牲は含まれない[326]。Documents from the Soviet archives list the total deaths of prisoners in the Gulag from 1941 to 1945 at 621,637.[335]
^ abMichael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note – World War II – Europe Asia Studies, July 1994
^Gregory Frumkin. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951. p. 119
^U.S. Bureau of the Census The Population of Poland Ed. W. Parker Mauldin, Washington, D.C., 1954 p. 187
^Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) Warszawa 2009
^Gregory Frumkin. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951. p. 133
^Waller Wynne The population of Czechoslovakia United States, Bureau of the Census, International population statistics reports. Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1953. Page 8
^ abcdefgRűdiger Overmans. Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Oldenbourg 2000. ISBN 3-486-56531-1
^ abcdefG. I. Krivosheev. Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses. Greenhill 1997 ISBN 1-85367-280-7 p. 278
^Willi Kammerer; Anja Kammerer- Narben bleiben die Arbeit der Suchdienste - 60 Jahre nach dem Zweiten WeltkriegBerlin Dienststelle 2005
^Burkhart Müller-Hillebrand Das Heer 1933–1945. Entwicklung des organisatorischen Aufbaues. Band III. Der Zweifrontenkrieg. Das Heer vom Beginn des Feldzuges gegen die Sowjetunion bis zum Kriegsende. Mittler, Frankfurt am Main, 1969. Pages 258–266.
^Willi Kammerer; Anja Kammerer- Narben bleiben die Arbeit der Suchdienste - 60 Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg Berlin Dienststelle 2005 ( Published by the Search Service of the German Red Cross. The forward to the book was written by German President Horst Köhler and the German interior minister Otto Schily)
^ abHubert, Michael, Deutschland im Wandel. Geschichte der deutschen Bevolkerung seit 1815 Steiner, Franz Verlag 1998. p. 272
^Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) Warszawa 2009 page 32
^ abRaul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews New Viewpoints 1973 page 767.
^Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hg.): Legenden, Lügen, Vorurteile. Ein Wörterbuch zur Zeitgeschichte. Dtv, Neuauflage 1992, Page. 161.
^Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003, Page 153
^Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 1939–1945 (Quellen zur Geschichte der „Euthanasie“-Verbrechen 1939–1945 in deutschen und österreichischen Archiven. Ein Inventar. Einführung von Harald Jenner)
^Quellen zur Geschichte der „Euthanasie“-Verbrechen 1939–1945 in deutschen und österreichischen Archiven. Ein Inventar[1]
^R. J. Rummel. Democide Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder. Transaction 1992 ISBN 1-56000-004-X. Table A
^Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003, ISBN 3534151585, Pages 109, 128, 153
^A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. Ed. by Michael Berenbaum, New York University Press, 1990. ISBN 1-85043-251-1
^Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Collection of Articles (In Russian). Saint-Petersburg, 1995. ISBN 5-86789-023-6. M. V. Philimoshin of the War Ministry of the Russian Federation About the results of calculation of losses among civilian population of the USSR and Russian Federation 1941–1945 Pages 124–131 The Russian Academy of Science article by M. V. Philimoshin based this figure on sources published in the Soviet era.
^Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. Sankt-Peterburg 1995 ISBN 5-86789-023-6. M. V. Philimoshin of the War Ministry of the Russian Federation About the results of calculation of losses among civilian population of the USSR and Russian Federation 1941–1945 Pages 124–131. In Russian. (These losses are for the entire territory of the USSR in 1941, including Polish territories annexed in 1939–40.)
^ abcdJu A Poljakov, Naselenie Rossii v XX veke : istoričeskie očerki / Tom 2, 1940-1959. Moskva : ROSSPĖN, 2001. ISBN 9785824302721 pp.7-12
^Lithuanian Population does not include a portion of the Vilnius Region which was turned over to Lithuania by the USSR in 1939, the population of this region was 483,000, which increased the Lithuanian population to 2,925,000
^Lithuanian Population does not include 140,000 from the Klaipėda Region which was annexed by Germany in March 1939.
^Figures issued by the Polish government in exile put the population of the annexed territory at 13,299,000. Maly Rocznik Statystyczny Polski- London 1941
^Pavel Polian-Against Their Will: The History and Geography of Forced Migrations in the USSR Central European University Press 2003 ISBN 963-9241-68-7 pp.28-32
^G. I. Krivosheev. Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses. Greenhill 1997, ISBN 978-1-85367-280-4, Page 278
^ abMichael Haynes, Counting Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a Note, Europe Asia Studies Vol.55, No. 2, 2003, 300–309
^G. I. Krivosheev. Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses. Greenhill 1997, ISBN 978-1-85367-280-4, Page 79
^S. N. Mikhalev of the History department of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University,Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941–1945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie Krasnoiarskii gos. pedagog. universitet, 2000. ISBN 978-5-85981-082-6.
^S. A. Il'enkov Pamyat o millionah pavshih zaschitnikov Otechestva nelzya predavat' zabveniyu, Voenno-Istoricheskii Arkhiv No. 7(22), Central Military Archives of the Russian Federation, 2001, pp. 73–80. ISBN 978-5-89710-005-7. ( The Memory of Those Who Fell Defending the Fatherland Cannot Be Condemned to Oblivion.)
^The source of the figures on the table is Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. pp. 23–35
^ abVadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1 pp. 23–35
^Edwin Bacon, Glasnost and the Gulag: New information on Soviet forced labour around World War II. Soviet Studies Vol 44. 1992-6
^J. Arch Getty, "Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Prewar Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence," (with Gаbor T. Rittersporn, and V. N. Zemskov), American Historical Review, 98:4, Oct. 1993
^Stephen G. Wheatcroft, Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of the Archival Data-Not the Last Word Europe-Asia Studies Volume 51, Issue 2, 1999
^Robert Conquest, "Excess deaths and camp numbers: Some comments", Soviet Studies Volume 43, Issue 5, 1991
^Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. Sankt-Peterburg 1995 p. 175
^Steven Rosefielde Red Holocaust Routledge, 2009 Pages 76 and 77
^Steven Rosefielde Red Holocaust Routledge, 2009 Page 59
^Steven Rosefielde Red Holocaust Routledge, 2009 ISBN 0-415-77757-7 Pages 179
^Michael Haynes A Century Of State Murder?: Death and Policy in Twentieth Century Russia, Pluto Press, 2003. ISBN 0745319300. Pages 62–89.
^ abStephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999 p. 372
^ abcdefghWerner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945 Transaction 2007 ISBN 978-0-7658-0352-8 (Werner Gruhl is former chief of NASA's Cost and Economic Analysis Branch with a lifetime interest in the study of the First and Second World Wars.)
^ abIan Dear & MRD Foot, The Oxford Companion to World War II (2001) p. 443
^Van Waterford, Prisoners of the Japanese in World War II, McFarland & Co., 1994 pp. 141–146 (figures taken from De Japanse Burgenkampen by D. Van Velden
^Bernice Archer, The internment of Western civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945: a patchwork of internment / Bernice Archer. London, New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. p. 5
^ abcdeRűdiger Overmans. Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Oldenbourg 2000. ISBN 3-486-56531-1 pp. 333–335
^Nimmo, William. Behind a curtain of silence: Japanese in Soviet custody, 1945–1956, Greenwood 1989 ISBN 978-0-313-25762-9 pp. 116–118 The Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Foreign Office reported that 347,000 military personnel and civilians were dead or missing in Soviet hands after the war. The Japanese list the losses of 199,000 in Manchurian transit camps, 36,000 in North Korea, 9,000 from Sakhalin and 103,000 in the U.S.S.R.
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 584
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. pp. 584–585
^Albania: a country study Federal Research Division, Library of Congress; edited by Raymond E. Zickel and Walter R. Iwaskiw. 2nd ed. 1994. ISBN 0-8444-0792-5. Available online at Federal Research Division of the U.S. Library of Congress. See section "On The Communist Takeover". Library of Congress Country Study
^McKernan, Michael. Strength of a Nation: Six years of Australians fighting for the nation and defending the homefront in World War II, Crows Nest NSW, Allen & Unwin, p. 393.
^ abDonald Kendrick The Destiny of Europe's Gypsies. Basic Books 1972 ISBN 0-465-01611-1
^Gregory Frumkin. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951.
^ abRűdiger Overmans. Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Oldenbourg 2000. ISBN 3-486-56531-1 p. 230
^Ellis, John. World War II – A statistical survey Facts on File 1993. ISBN 0-8160-2971-7.
^ abMichael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 540
^ abVadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1 pp. 38–39
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 512
^Kiradzhiev, Svetlin. Sofia 125 Years Capital 1879–2004 Chronicle. Sofia 2006 (In Bulgarian) ISBN 954-617-011-9
^Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1 pp. 74–75
^ abMichael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 556
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 491
^Small, Melvin & Singer, Joel David, Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars 1816–1965. 1982
^[4] France Ministry of Defense -Mémoire des hommes
^ abGregory Frumkin. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951. pp. 60–65
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 pp. 415–416
^ abMichael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 582
^Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1 pp. 83–89
^Marschalck, Peter. Bevölkerungsgeschichte Deutschlands im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Suhrkamp 1984
^ abcDie deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. Bevölkerungsbilanzen für die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50. Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt – Wiesbaden. – Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958
^ abGerman Federal Archive, Spiegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 1945–1948. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Mai 1974. Archivalien und ausgewählte Erlebnisberichte. Bonn 1989
^ abcdRűdiger Overmans, Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevölkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung. (A parallel summary in Polish was also included, this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994
^Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Statistical bulletin January 1946 Page 7
^Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 - 1945: 8 Bde. Bernard & Grafe 1982. Pages 1508 to 1511
^Wirtschaft und Statistik November 1949, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (German government Statistical Office)
^The Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78
^Willi Kammerer; Anja Kammerer, Narben bleiben die Arbeit der Suchdienste – 60 Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg Berlin Dienststelle 2005 (Published by the Search Service of the German Red Cross. )
^Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (German government Statistical Office)
^Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78
^Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Bd. 9/1, p. 460
^Germany reports. With an introduction by Konrad Adenauer. Germany (West). Presse- und Informationsamt. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961. Page 32
^Das Bundesarchiv Das Inventar der Quellen zur Geschichte der 'Euthanasie'-Verbrechen 1939–1945 (report available online at Bundesarchiv website)
^Rhode,Gotthold, Die Deutschen im Osten nach 1945. Zeitschrift Für Ostforschung, Heft 3, 1953
^Bundesministerium für Vertriebene, Dokumentation der Vertreibung der Deutschen aus Ost-Mitteleuropa Vol. 1–5, Bonn, 1954–1961
^Alfred de Zayas A terrible Revenge. Palgrave/Macmillan, New York, 1994. Page 152.
^Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims Facts concerning the problem of the German expellees and refugees. Bonn, 1967
^Rede von Bundespräsident Horst Köhler beim Tag der Heimat des Bundes der Vertriebenen am 2. Sept 2006 in Berlin [5]
^ abHerausforderung Bevölkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens über die Bevölkerung vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" pp. 267–281 Ingo Haar,„Bevölkerungsbilanzen“ und „Vertreibungsverluste“. Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte der deutschen Opferangaben aus Flucht und Vertreibung Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2007
^pl:Piotr Eberhardt, Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-Century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, Analysis Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2003. ISBN 0-7656-0665-8
^B. Gleitze, Deutschlands Bevölkerungsverluste durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg, Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 1953, s. 375–384 Gleitze estimated 400,000 excess deaths during the war and 800,000 in post war Germany
^Gregory Frumkin. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951. pp. 89–91
^Del Boca, Angelo, The Ethiopian war. Univ. of Chicago Press. 1969
^Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1 p. 90
^Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1 p. 47
^Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. Commissariato generale C.G.V. Ministero della Difesa – Edizioni 1986
^ abAnnual Changes in Population of Japan Proper 1 October 1920–1 October 1947, General Headquarters for the Allied Powers Economic and Scientific Section Research and Programs Division. Tokyo, July 1948.
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 . p. 566
^ abWojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Institute of National Remembrance(IPN) Warszawa 2009 ISBN 978-83-7629-067-6, p. 32
^ abWojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Institute of National Remembrance(IPN) Warszawa 2009 ISBN 978-83-7629-067-6, pp. 29–30
^ abCzesław Łuczak, Szanse i trudnosci bilansu demograficznego Polski w latach 1939–1945. Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI, 1994
^ abGniazdowski, Mateusz. Losses Inflicted on Poland by Germany during World War II. Assessments and Estimates—an Outline The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 2007, no. 1.This article is available from the Central and Eastern European Online Library at http://www.ceeol.com
^Mark Axworthy. Third Axis Fourth Ally. Arms and Armour 1995. pp. 216–217
^ abVadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. p. 51
^Mark Axworthy. Third Axis Fourth Ally. Arms and Armour 1995.p. 314
^Catharine NewburyThe Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda: 1860–1960 Columbia University Press, 1993. pp. 157–158
^Linden, Jan Church and revolution in Rwanda, Manchester University Press 1977, p. 207
^Alexander De Waal, Famine crimes: politics & the disaster relief industry in Africa Indiana Univ Pr, 1999. p. 30
^ abPoyer, Lin; Falgout, Suzanne; Carucci, Laurence Marshall. The Typhoon of War: Micronesian Experiences of the Pacific War Univ of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 2001.
^G. I. Krivosheev. Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses. Greenhill 1997.page 85
^S. A. Il’enkov Pamyat O Millionach Pavshik Zaschitnikov Otechestva Nelzya Predavat Zabveniu Voennno-Istoricheskii Arkhiv No. 7(22), Central Military Archives of the Russian Federation 2001, pp. 73-80
^ abVadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1 p. 20-21
^Sorasanya Phaengspha (2002) The Indochina War: Thailand Fights France. Sarakadee Press.
^Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942–43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence" Modern Asian Studies, v40, n4 (2006) pp. 1053–1096, p1057n: "Deaths in the Thai military forces from 8 December 1941 through the end of the war included 143 officers, 474 non-commissioned officers, and 4,942 soldiers. (Defense Ministry of Thailand, In Memory of Victims who Fell in Battle [in Thai], Bangkok: Krom phaenthi Thahanbok, 1947). With the exception of about 180 who died in the 8 December [1941] battles and another 150 who died in battles in the Shan states [Burma], almost all of the war dead died of malaria and other diseases."
^E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations", Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, v21, n1, March 1990, pp. 66–87.
^a typescript entitled 'The Negotiations Leading to the Cessation of a State of War with Great Britain' and filed under Papers on World War II, at the Thailand Information Center, Chulalongkorn University, p. 12
^E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations", Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, v21, n1, March 1990, pp66-87. Thailand exported rice to neighboring Japanese-occupied countries during 1942–45 (p72n) and did not experience the notorious famines that occurred in India and French Indochina (see above), during 1943–1944.
^Center for Internee Rights, Civilian prisoners of the Japanese in the Philippine Islands Turner Press 2002, (The total of 1,536 is broken out as 992 "died" and 544 "unknown", out of 13,996 total detained by Japan.) (Those detained by Germany are broken out as 168 "died" and 715 "unknown", out of 4,749 total detained.)
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 . p. 552
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 . p. 550
^Tomasevich, Jozo. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. Cap.17 Alleged and True Population Losses
^U.S. Bureau of the Census The Population of Yugoslavia Ed. Paul F. Meyers and Arthur A. Campbell, Washington p. 23
^Kočović, Bogoljub Žrtve Drugog svetskog rata u Jugoslaviji, 1990. pp. 172–189
^Tomasevich, Jozo. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. In Cap.17,p. 737
^ abcdeTomasevich, Jozo. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.p.744-750