猛獣

猛獣の一種、ライオン

猛獣(もうじゅう)とは、大型で獰猛な、基本的には捕食性の肉食哺乳類のことである。ライオントラオオカミ、大型クマなどが代表的である。

「獣」とは(ヒト以外の)哺乳類ということであるが、場合によってはワニコモドオオトカゲ、大きなヘビといった爬虫類を含めることもある[1] ただし鳥類を含めることはほとんどなく、かわりに猛禽という語がある。

「獰猛」「大型」というのは曖昧だが、その大きな体躯や強い力などによって人間に危害を加える恐れのあるということであり、そのような獣であれば肉食獣に限らず、草食動物ゾウウシカバサイなど)や雑食性動物(クマイノシシなど)、霊長類チンパンジーなど)に対してもこの語が使われることもある。特にスポーツハンティングや見世物では見た目が重要であり、怒らせたり不安がらせたりしないかぎり危険のない大型草食獣に対しても使われることもある。また逆に、肉食であっても、キツネイタチのような小型獣や、毒のような特殊な機能で害を与えるハブなどの毒蛇は猛獣とは言わない。

動物学では食肉目鱗甲目をまとめる分類群として広獣大目Feraeがあり[2]、これが猛獣大目と訳されることもある[3]

出典

  1. ^ 小原秀雄『猛獣もし戦わば』 ISBN 4331651878 ではサイ、ゾウ、スイギュウといった草食獣、ワニ、大蛇といった爬虫類、マッコウクジラ、セイウチといった海獣も扱っている。
  2. ^ 日本哺乳類学会 種名・標本検討委員会 目名問題検討作業部会「哺乳類の高次分類群および分類階級の日本語名称の提案について」『哺乳類科学』第43巻 2号、日本哺乳類学会、2003年、127-134頁。
  3. ^ エドウィン H. コルバート、マイケル モラレス、イーライ C. ミンコフ 「脊椎動物の分類体系」『コルバート 脊椎動物の進化 原著第5版』田隅本生訳、築地書館、2004年、505-518頁。

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