P clusterやFeMo-coといった複雑な金属クラスターは自発的に構築されず様々なタンパク質が構築に関与している。ニトロゲナーゼ構造遺伝子発現後にタンパク質内にクラスターが配位される発現後プロセッシングを経て活性を発揮するが、この一連の現象を成熟化(maturation)という。また、ニトロゲナーゼは発現に際して様々な調節を受けており、それらにかかわる遺伝子も多数存在する。A. vinelandiiやK. pneumoniaeのニトロゲナーゼ遺伝子の機能解析により、ニトロゲナーゼにかかわる遺伝子の全貌が明らかになってきている[26][27][28]。
下記に、これまで明らかになったニトロゲナーゼ関連遺伝子群の名称および機能を列挙する。
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