ガストン・グスマン

ガストン・グスマン・ウエルタ(Gastón Guzmán Huerta、1932年8月26日 - 2016年1月12日)は、メキシコ菌類学者、人類学者である。モエギタケ科のキノコのシビレタケ属(Psilocybe)の研究などで知られる。

略歴

ベラクルス州のハラパで生まれた。メキシコ国立工科大学で学び、菌類への興味は大学院生の時、大学の菌類標本が不十分だったのを充実させようとしたことに始まった。初期の野外調査でそれまであまり知られていなかった多くの種を集めた。その後、研究テーマを菌類の研究に定めた。

1957年にアメリカ合衆国で研究する菌類学者のロルフ・シンガーが、翌年メキシコの菌類の調査のためにメキシコを訪れるのに際して、その助手となることを要請され、メキシコにおけるシンガーの調査に協力した。調査の最後にメキシコ南部のワウトラ・デ・ヒメネスで、幻覚性のキノコのアマチュア研究家の、ロバート・ゴードン・ワッソンと出会い、グスマンにとっては「実を結んだ出会い」であった[1]

1958年に、シビレタケ属の菌および幻覚性のキノコに関する論文を発表し、1971年にリチャード・エヴァンズ・シュルテスの推薦で、ニューヨークグッゲンハイム財団からのシビレタケ属の研究のための助成金を受け、その成果は1983年に著書、"The Genus Psilocybe: A Systematic Revision of the Known Species Including the History, Distribution and Chemistry of the Hallucinogenic Species"として出版された[2]

その他の著書の他、メキシコの菌類に関する350編以上の論文を執筆し、200以上の新種を記載した。それまでに知られていたシロシビンを含む幻覚性のキノコの半分以上はグスマンが発見した。1965年にメキシコ菌類学会を創設し、会長となった。2000年から2002年の間、1990年に創立されたラテンアメリカ菌類学連合の会長も務めた。1955年にメキシコ国立理工大学生物学院(Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas)に菌類標本館を設立し、現在、標本館の標本数は100,000点を超えている。

Crepidotus guzmanii Singerなど多くの菌類の学名に献名されている。

著作

  • Guzmán, G. "El habitat de Psilocybe muliercula Singer & Smith (=Ps. wassonii Heim), agaricaceo alucinogeno mexicano." Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 19: 215-229 (1958).
  • Guzmán, G. The Genus Psilocybe: A Systematic Revision of the Known Species Including the History, Distribution and Chemistry of the Hallucinogenic Species. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia Heft 74. J. Cramer, Vaduz, Germany (1983) [now out of print].
  • Guzmán, G. "Les champignons sacrés du Mexique." In: Riedlinger, T.J. (Ed.) The Sacred Mushroom Seeker: Essays for R. Gordon Wasson. Ethnomycological Studies No. 11, pp. 83–110. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR (1990).
  • Guzmán, G. "The Sacred Mushroom in Mesoamerica." In: Miyanishi, T. (Ed.) The Ancient Maya and Hallucinogens, pp. 75–95. Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan (1992).
  • Guzmán, G. "Supplement to the genus Psilocybe." Bibliotheca Mycologica 159: 91-141 (1995).
  • Guzmán, G. “Los Nombres de los Hongos y lo Relacionado con Ellos en America Latina.” Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (1997).
  • Guzman, G. "Inventorying the fungi of Mexico." Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 365-384 (1997).
  • Guzmán, G. and J. Ott. "Description and chemical analysis of a new species of hallucinogenic Psilocybe from the Pacific Northwest." Mycologia 68: 1261-1267 (1976).
  • Guzman, G. and S.H. Pollock. "A new bluing species of Psilocybe from Florida." Mycotaxon 7: 373-376 (1978).
  • Guzmán, G. and S.H. Pollock. "Tres nuevas especies y dos nuevos registros de los hongos alucinogenos en Mexico y datos sobre su cultivo en el laboratorio." Bol Soc Mex Mic 13: 261-270 (1979).
  • Guzmán, G., C. King, and V.M. Bandala. "A new species of Psilocybe of section Zapotecorum from New Zealand." Mycological Research 95(4): 507-508 (1991).
  • Guzmán, G., L. Montoya Bello, and V.M. Bandala. "Nuevos registros de los hongos alucinogenos del genero Psilocybe en Mexico y analisis de la distribucion de las especies conocidas." Revista Mexicana de Micologia 4: 255-265 (1988).
  • Guzmán, G., V.M. Bandala, and C. King. "Further observations on the genus Psilocybe from New Zealand." Mycotaxon 46: 161-170 (1993).
  • Guzman, G., V.M. Bandala, and J.W. Allen. "A new bluing Psilocybe from Thailand." Mycotaxon 46: 155-160 (1993).
  • Guzman, G. et al. "A new bluing Psilocybe from U.S.A." Mycotaxon 65: 191-196 (1997).
  • Guzmán, G. "Identificación de los hongos comestibles, venenosos, alucinantes y destructores de la madera", Ed. Limusa, Mexico City (with several reprints) (1977).
  • Guzmán, G. et al. “Psilocybe s.s. in Thailand: four new species and a review of previously recorded species.” Mycotaxon 119: pp. 65–81 (January–March 2012).
  • Guzmán, G. ”New Taxonomical And Ethnomycological Observations On Psilocybe s.s. (fungi, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricales, Strophariaceae) From Mexico, Africa And Spain.” Acta Botanica Mexicana 100: 79-106 (2012).
  • Guzmán, G. “Hallucinogenic Mushrooms in Mexico: An Overview.” Economic Botany, Volume 62, Issue 3, pages 404-412 (2008).
  • Guzmán G. “Sinopsis de los Conocimientos Sobre los Hongos Alucinógenos Mexicanos.” Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 24:14–34 (1959).
  • Guzmán, G. “Nueva Localidad de Importancia Etnomicológica de los Hongos Neurotrópicos Mexicanos.” Ciencia, México, 20:85–88 (1960).
  • Guzmán, G. “Variation, Distribution, Ethnomycological Data and Relationships of Psilocybe aztecorum, a Mexican Hallucinogenic Mushroom.” Mycologia 70:385–396 (1978).
  • Guzmán G. “Traditional Uses and Abuses of Hallucinogenic Fungi: Problems and Solutions.” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 5:57–59 (2003).
  • Guzmán, G. “Species Diversity of the Genus Psilocybe in the World Mycobiota, with Special Attention to Hallucinogenic Properties.” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 7:305–331 (2005).
  • Guzmán, G. and A. López-González. Nuevo Hábitat y Datos Etnomicológicos de Psilocybe muliercula.” Boletín de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micología 4:44–48 (1970).
  • Guzmán, G. et al. “The Taxonomy of Psilocybe fagicola–Complex.” Journal of Microbiology (Korea) 43:158–165 (2005).
  • Guzmán, G. et al. “The Hallucinogenic Species of Psilocybe in Colombia, Their Indian Use, New Records, and New Species.” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 6:83–93 (2004).
  • Guzmán, G. et al. “Una Iglesia Dedicada al Culto de un Hongo, “Nuestro Señor del Honguito,” en Chignahuapán, Puebla. Boletín de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micología 9:137–147 (1975).
  • Guzmán, G. “Aportaciones sobre los hongos alucinógenos mexicanos y descripción de un nuevo Psilocybe.” Ciencia (Méx.) 26: 25-28 (1968).
  • Guzmán, G. “Further investigations of the Mexican hallucinogenic mushrooms with descriptions of new taxa and critical observations on additional taxa.” Nova Hedw. 29: 625-644 (1978a).
  • Guzmán, G. “Nuevos datos sobre el género Psilocybe y descripción de una nueva especie en México.” Bol. Soc. Mex. Mic. 17: 89-94 (1982).
  • Guzmán, G. “Las especies del género Psilocybe conocidas de Veracruz (México).” Acta Bot. Mex. 49: 35-46 (1999).
  • Guzmán, G. “New species and new records of Psilocybe from Spain, the U.S.A. and Mexico, and a new case of poisoning by P. barrerae.” Doc. Mycol. 29(116): 41-52 (2000).
  • Guzmán, G. “The hallucinogenic mushrooms: Diversity, traditions, use and abuse with special reference to the genus Psilocybe.” In: Misra, J. K. and S. K. Deshhmukh (eds.). Fungi from different environments. Science Pubs., Enfield, UK. (2009).
  • Guzmán, G. et al. “New species, new varieties and a new record of Psilocybe from Brazil. Mycotaxon 19: 343-350 (1984).
  • Guzmán, G. and M. L. Castro. “Observations on some known species of Psilocybe from Spain and description of a new species.” Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 27: 181-187 (2003).
  • Guzmán, G. et al. “New hallucinogenic mushrooms in Mexico belonging to the genus Psilocybe. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 6: 275-286 (2004).
  • Guzmán, G. “Halluciongenic, Medicinal, and Edible Mushrooms in Mexico and Guatemala: Traditions, Myths, and Knowledge.” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 3: 399-408 (2001).
  • Guzmán, G. “Supplement to the monograph of the genus Psilocybe.” Taxonomic Monograph of Agaricales. O. Petrini and E. Horak (eds.), Biblioth. Mycol. 159, Cramer, Berlin. 1995.

参考文献

  1. ^ Guzmán-Dávalos L. (2005). “Dr. Gastón Guzmán, 50 años como micólogo desde la perspectiva de una hija, alumna y colega” (Spanish). Revista Mexicana de Micología 21: 1–4. http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/883/88302101.pdf. 
  2. ^ The Genus Psilocybe: A Systematic Revision of the Known Species Including the History, Distribution and Chemistry of the Hallucinogenic Species

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