Lettura a prima vista

Caravaggio, Riposo durante la fuga in Egitto (1594–1596)

Per lettura a prima vista si intende la contemporanea lettura ed esecuzione di un pezzo di musica mai letto prima dallo spartito, specialmente quando l'esecutore non lo aveva mai ascoltato in precedenza. Canto a prima vista è una locuzione che vuol intendere l'esecuzione vocale di un pezzo mai sentito prima.

Terminologia

Lettura a prima vista

Gli autori di letteratura musicale usano comunemente il termine "lettura a prima vista" genericamente per "la capacità di leggere e produrre sia musica strumentale che vocale a prima vista ... la conversione di informazioni musicali dalla vista al suono" (Udtaisuk 2005). Udtaisuk e alcuni altri autori preferiscono l'uso dei più specifici termini "leggere suonando" e "solfeggiare cantando", ove applicabile. Questa differenziazione lascia un terzo uso più ristretto del termine "lettura a prima vista" per la lettura silenziosa della musica senza creare suoni con uno strumento o la voce.

Musicisti altamente qualificati sono in grado di leggere lo spartito in silenzio; cioè, sono in grado di guardare la musica stampata e sentirla nelle loro teste senza suonare o cantare. Quelli meno capaci debbono almeno canticchiarla o fischiettarla, al fine di capirla in modo efficace. Franz Liszt era famoso per la sua capacità di riprodurre brani per pianoforte molto difficili utilizzando la lettura a prima vista delle note.

Secondo Payne, "la capacità di sentire le note scritte sullo spartito è chiaramente simile alla lettura della musica e dovrebbe essere considerata un prerequisito per una efficace esecuzione .... errori eclatanti si possono verificare quando uno studente, analizzando un pezzo di musica, non fa nessuno sforzo per suonare o sentire la composizione, ma elabora meccanicamente le note sulla pagina".

Trasposizione visiva

Musicisti esperti dovrebbero essere in grado di effettuare il trasporto dello spartito a prima vista per soddisfare le esigenze di particolari strumenti o estensioni vocali, per favorire l'emissione del suono dello strumento, o il canto o per altri motivi. È indispensabile conoscere la modalità di trasposizione di accordi e linee melodiche in una nuova tonalità per trasporre una canzone, che è "troppo alta" o "troppo bassa", e adattarla ad una gamma adeguata.

Bibliografia

Approfondimento

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