Yelagiri

Yelagiri
Yelagiri
Hill Station
	Clockwise from top: Yelagiri lake; Siva-Parvati temple; An unpaved mud road; Velavan temple; A traditional hut; and Paddy fields
	Yelagiri Location in Tamil Nadu, India
	Coordinates: 12°34′41″N 78°38′27″E / 12.578104°N 78.640737°E
Country	India
State	Tamil Nadu
District	Tirupattur district
Region	Vellore
Area
• Total	29.2 km2 (11.3 sq mi)
Elevation	1,410 m (4,630 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	4,409
• Density	150/km2 (390/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Tamil
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	635853
Vehicle registration	TN-83Z

Yelagiri (Tamil: [jeːlaɡiɾi]), also spelled Elagiri, is a hill station located in Tirupathur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Located at an altitude of 1,410 m (4,630 ft), it forms a part of the Eastern Ghats mountain range. The hills consist of 14 hamlets spread across an area of 72 km² (28 sq mi).

Etymology

As per folklore, when Hindu god Vishnu visited the earth, he planted his feet on the hills. As the people could not stand his weight, they yelled ‘yelo’ in fear (‘kili’ in Tamil), which later became Yelagiri.^[1]^[2] As per Hindu beliefs, Vishnu came to the hills later to marry goddess Lakshmi, who is known by the name "Yelagiri Thayar" and the region came to be known as Yeloshwaram.^[3]

History

While the region was probably ruled by tribal chieftains during the early Sangam period, it was under the rule of the Cheras, Pandyas and Cholas over different periods of history.^[4]^[5]^[6] The hills are mentioned in Tamil literature by Ottakoothar in 12th century CE.^[7] It was under the control of Vijayanagara empire in the late middle age, who established sway over the region.^[8]^[9] In the latter part of the 18th century, the region came under the Kingdom of Mysore and after the Anglo-Mysore Wars and the Polygar Wars, the British East India Company annexed the region to the Madras Presidency the early 19th century.^[10]

In the 19th century, Malai Vellalar (Malayali) hill tribes, populated the region.^[11] Later, the British Empire took control of the region from the British East India Company in 1857.^[12] The hills were organized as private properties of the Zamindars of Yelagiri.^[13] After Indian Independence in 1947, the region was taken over by the Government of India and became part of the Madras State, which later became Tamil Nadu.^[14]

Demographics

Though the region has been occupied during prehistoric times, recent settlement occurred in the 19th century, when about 200 Malayali tribes populated the area and practiced agriculture.^[11] As per the 2011 census, the hills had a population of 4,409 residing in 1,128 households including a population of 538 under the age of six. The population included 3,318 scheduled tribes and 230 scheduled caste. The population included 2,170 males and 2,239 females with a sex ratio of 1,032. The literacy rate was 65.8%.^[15]

Administration

The area is administered by a town panchayat as a part of the Jolapettai block of Tirupattur taluk.^[16] The panchayat is responsible for the basic infrastructure such as road, lighting, water supply and sanitation. There is one primary health center catering to healthcare needs of the population.^[17]

Geography

Yelagiri is located in Tirupathur district of Tamil Nadu. ^[18] Located at an altitude of 1,410 m (4,630 ft), it forms a part of the Eastern Ghats mountain range.^[19] The hills consist of 14 hamlets spread across an area of 72 km² (28 sq mi).^[20] ^[1] Punganoor lake is a man-made lake covering 56.71 m² (610.4 sq ft) in the hills.^[21] The highest point is the Swamimalai hills at an altitude of 4,338 m (14,232 ft).^[1] The hills are rich in flora with orchards, rose-gardens, and green valleys.^[22]

Climate

Yelagiri's has a warm climate in summer and is cooler in the winter. The climate is considered to be Aw according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.

Climate data for Yelagiri
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	25.2 (77.4)	28.0 (82.4)	30.2 (86.4)	31.1 (88.0)	32.6 (90.7)	30.8 (87.4)	28.4 (83.1)	28.4 (83.1)	28.3 (82.9)	27.0 (80.6)	25.5 (77.9)	24.4 (75.9)	28.3 (83.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	14.0 (57.2)	15.0 (59.0)	17.1 (62.8)	19.9 (67.8)	20.6 (69.1)	20.9 (69.6)	19.7 (67.5)	19.5 (67.1)	19.0 (66.2)	18.4 (65.1)	16.4 (61.5)	14.6 (58.3)	17.9 (64.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	8 (0.3)	7 (0.3)	11 (0.4)	38 (1.5)	79 (3.1)	61 (2.4)	106 (4.2)	132 (5.2)	150 (5.9)	193 (7.6)	104 (4.1)	66 (2.6)	955 (37.6)
Source: ^[23]

Transport

The hills can be accessed by a mountain road with 14 hair pin bends, branching out from National Highway 48.^[24] It is situated about 220 km (140 mi) from the state capital Chennai and 160 km (99 mi) from Bengaluru.^[1] The major access roads are maintained by the Department of Highways and Minor Ports of Government of Tamil Nadu.^[17] The nearest major rail head is at Jolarpettai, located about 19 km (12 mi) away. The nearest airport about 155 km (96 mi) away is located at Salem, which has limited domestic flights with major international airports at Bengaluru and Chennai.^[1]

Tourism

Tourism forms a major part of the economy of the hills. The lake has boating facilities and is accompanied by a park.^[20] Other places of interest include Jalagamparai waterfalls, Telescope observatory and Swamimalai hills.^[24]^[25] The district administration has taken up development of the hills in 2007. Though many of the facilities developed during the plan in 2007, have been badly maintained.^[26]

A herbal farm is maintained by the Government of Tamil Nadu.^[21] Temples include Kalyana Venkataramana Perumal temple, Nilavur Amman temple, Jalagandeeswarar temple and Velavan temple.^[1]^[3]^[25] Trekking activities are carried out at Swamimalai hills and adventure sports such as paragliding and rock climbing are being promoted by the Government.^[27]^[1] The yeary "Yelagiri Summer Festival" is celebrated in May and is organised by Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation. Stalls from different departments, flowers show, dog show and various cultural programs are conducted.^[25]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Hidden hills of Yelagiri". Deccan Herald. 9 February 2022. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
^ "Kili word in Tamil". Agarathi. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "A sacred grove up the hill". The Hindu. 14 July 2016. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (2011). Kerala History and its Makers. D C Books. p. 23. ISBN 978-8-126-43782-5.
^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1968). Ancient India. S. Chand. p. 570. ISBN 978-9-352-53132-5.
^ Ali, Daud (2007). "The Service Retinues of the Chola Court". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 70 (3): 487–509. doi:10.1017/S0041977X0700081X. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 40378936. S2CID 162530217. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-538-10686-0.
^ Sastri, Nilakanta (1976). A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar. Oxford University Press. pp. 7, 69, 179, 199, 214, 239. ISBN 978-0-1956-0686-7.
^ "Tirupathur history". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
^ Rajayyan, K. (1974). Rise and Fall of the Poligars of Tamilnadu. University of Madras. p. 2.
^ ^a ^b "Yelagiri hut shelters 200 years of hill tribe history". The Hindu. 13 August 2023. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
^ Hibbert, Christopher (1 March 2000). Great Mutiny: India 1857. Penguin. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-1400-4752-3.
^ R. Kannan; S. Kumaran; T. Milton. Yelagiri, hill station (PDF) (Report). Madurai Kamaraj University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
^ "Article 1". Constitution of India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
^ "Elagiri hills". Census 2011. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ "Tamil Nadu's Yelagiri hills panchayat selected as model village under SAGY". The Indian Express. 26 May 2023. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Tourists and residents irked over poor interior roads in Yelagiri". The Indian Express. 29 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ "Miles to go for Yelagiri Hills as a tourist spot". The Hindu. 25 May 2008. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
^ Patrick J David; Vinoth Balasubramanian (February 2016). Nocturnal birds in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu (Report). Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Yelagiri lake". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Yelagiri Hills". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ T. Pullaiah; Rao Muralidhara; D. Muralidhara Rao; K. Sri Ramamurthy (2002). Flora of Eastern Ghats: Hill Ranges of South East India. Daya Books. ISBN 978-8-187-49849-0. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
^ "Climate: Yelagiri". climate-data.org. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Yelagiri". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c "In the lap of nature – places in Yelagiri". The Times of India. 24 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ "Last used in 2008, Yelagiri's amphitheatre unkempt since". The Indian Express. 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^ "Yelagiri hills, for paragliding". The Hindu. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2019.

[DH-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Hidden hills of Yelagiri". Deccan Herald. 9 February 2022. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.

[2] "Kili word in Tamil". Agarathi. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[Hindu-3] "A sacred grove up the hill". The Hindu. 14 July 2016. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2023.

[4] Menon, A. Sreedhara (2011). Kerala History and its Makers. D C Books. p. 23. ISBN 978-8-126-43782-5.

[5] Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1968). Ancient India. S. Chand. p. 570. ISBN 978-9-352-53132-5.

[6] Ali, Daud (2007). "The Service Retinues of the Chola Court". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 70 (3): 487–509. doi:10.1017/S0041977X0700081X. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 40378936. S2CID 162530217. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2024.

[7] Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-538-10686-0.

[8] Sastri, Nilakanta (1976). A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar. Oxford University Press. pp. 7, 69, 179, 199, 214, 239. ISBN 978-0-1956-0686-7.

[9] "Tirupathur history". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.

[10] Rajayyan, K. (1974). Rise and Fall of the Poligars of Tamilnadu. University of Madras. p. 2.

[Hut-11] "Yelagiri hut shelters 200 years of hill tribe history". The Hindu. 13 August 2023. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.

[12] Hibbert, Christopher (1 March 2000). Great Mutiny: India 1857. Penguin. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-1400-4752-3.

[13] R. Kannan; S. Kumaran; T. Milton. Yelagiri, hill station (PDF) (Report). Madurai Kamaraj University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2023.

[14] "Article 1". Constitution of India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2015.

[15] "Elagiri hills". Census 2011. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[16] "Tamil Nadu's Yelagiri hills panchayat selected as model village under SAGY". The Indian Express. 26 May 2023. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[TN-17] "Tourists and residents irked over poor interior roads in Yelagiri". The Indian Express. 29 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[18] "Miles to go for Yelagiri Hills as a tourist spot". The Hindu. 25 May 2008. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2019.

[19] Patrick J David; Vinoth Balasubramanian (February 2016). Nocturnal birds in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu (Report). Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

[Lake-20] "Yelagiri lake". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[Govt-21] "Yelagiri Hills". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[22] T. Pullaiah; Rao Muralidhara; D. Muralidhara Rao; K. Sri Ramamurthy (2002). Flora of Eastern Ghats: Hill Ranges of South East India. Daya Books. ISBN 978-8-187-49849-0. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2016.

[23] "Climate: Yelagiri". climate-data.org. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[Hills-24] "Yelagiri". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[Tour-25] "In the lap of nature – places in Yelagiri". The Times of India. 24 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[26] "Last used in 2008, Yelagiri's amphitheatre unkempt since". The Indian Express. 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

[27] "Yelagiri hills, for paragliding". The Hindu. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2019.

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Yelagiri

Etymology

History

Demographics

Administration

Geography

Climate

Transport

Tourism

References

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