Void galaxy

A void galaxy is a galaxy located in a cosmological void.^[1] Few galaxies exist in voids; most are located in sheets, walls and filaments that surround voids and supervoids.^[2]^[3] Many void galaxies are connected through void filaments^[4] or tendrils,^[5] less massive versions of the regular galaxy filaments that surround voids. These filaments are often straighter than their non-void counterparts due to the lack of influence by surrounding filaments.^[4] These filaments can even be rich enough to form poor galaxy clusters.^[6] The void galaxies themselves are thought to represent pristine examples of galactic evolution, having few neighbours, and likely to have formed from pure intergalactic gas.^[7]

Formation

It is theorised by many astrophysicists that void galaxies are the result of large galactic filaments being pulled by the gravity of a major super cluster out of the less densely populated areas, causing voids such as the Boötes Void to grow. Galaxies such as MCG+01-02-015 are sometimes left behind from such events.^[8]

List of void galaxies

Galaxy	Void	Notes	Comments
PC 1357+4641	Boötes Void	^[9]	Emission-line galaxy
IRAS 14288+5255		^[9]	AGN X-ray source
G 1432+5302		^[10]	Starburst galaxy
G 1458+4944		^[10]	LINER galaxy
G 1507+4554		^[10]	Starburst galaxy
G 1510+4727A & G 1510+4727B		^[10]	Interacting galaxy pair
BHI 1514+3819		^[9]
FSS 1515+3823		^[9]
G 1517+3949		^[10]	Starburst galaxy
G 1517+3956A & G 1517+3956B		^[10]	Interacting galaxy pair
IRAS 15195+5050		^[9]	AGN X-ray source
Markarian 845		^[9]	Seyfert 1 (X-ray source)
CG 547		^[9]	Emission-line Galaxy
CG 637		^[9]
CG 922		^[9]
MCG+01-02-015		^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]	LEDA 1852 (Pisces)
Pisces A	Local Void	^[15]
Pisces B		^[15]
NGC 7077		^[16]
NGC 6503
NGC 6789

References

^ Rien van de Weygaert; Platen, Erwin; Tigrak, Esra; Hidding, Johan; Thijs van der Hulst; Aragon-Calvo, Miguel A.; Stanonik, Kathryn; Jacqueline van Gorkom (17 December 2009). "The Cosmically Depressed: Life, Sociology and Identity of Voids". Galaxies in Isolation: Exploring Nature Versus Nurture. 421: 99. arXiv:0912.3473v1. Bibcode:2010ASPC..421...99V.
^ SchmidtFirst1=K.-H.; Bohm, P.; Elsasser, H. (February 1997). "On the emptiness of voids". Astronomische Nachrichten. 318 (2): 81. Bibcode:1997AN....318...81S. doi:10.1002/asna.2113180204.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Kuhn, B.; Hopp, U.; Elsaesser, H. (February 1997). "Results of a search for faint galaxies in voids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 318: 405–415. Bibcode:1997A&A...318..405K. ISSN 0004-6361.
^ ^a ^b Park, Daeseong; Lee, Jounghun (December 2009). "The Bridge Effect of Void Filaments". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 400 (2): 1105–1108. arXiv:0905.4277v2. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.400.1105P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15524.x. S2CID 16612240.
^ Alpaslan, Mehmet; Robotham, Aaron S. G.; Obreschkow, Danail; Penny, Samantha; Driver, Simon; Norberg, Peder; Brough, Sarah; Brown, Michael; Cluver, Michelle; Holwerda, Benne; Hopkins, Andrew M.; van Kampen, Eelco; Kelvin, Lee S.; Lara-Lopez, Maritza A.; Liske, Jochen; Loveday, Jon; Mahajan, Smriti; Pimbblet, Kevin (1 May 2014). "Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): fine filaments of galaxies detected within voids". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 440 (1): L106–L110. arXiv:1401.7331. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440L.106A. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu019.
^ Petrov, G.T.; Slavcheva-Mihova, L.; Kopchev, V. (2007). "Studies of Selected Voids. Faint Galaxies in the Direction of the Void 0049+05" (PDF). Bulg. J. Phys. 34 (2): 385–390.
^ Van De Weygaert, Rien; Platen, Erwin (2011). "Cosmic Voids: Structure, Dynamics and Galaxies". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series. 01: 41–66. arXiv:0912.2997. Bibcode:2011IJMPS...1...41V. doi:10.1142/S2010194511000092. ISSN 2010-1945.
^ Dvorsky, George (6 July 2012). "Behold the Boötes void, the spookiest place in the cosmos". io9. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Kim, Chulhee; Boller, Th.; Ghosh, Kajal K.; Swartz, Douglas A.; Ramsey, Brian D. (January 2001). "Detection of X-Ray Emission from Galaxies inside the Bootes Void". The Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): L91–L95. Bibcode:2001ApJ...546L..91K. doi:10.1086/318868.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cruzen, Shawn; Wehr, Tara; Weistrop, Donna; Angione, Ronald J.; Hoopes, Charles (January 2002). "Spectroscopy of Galaxies in the Bootes Void". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (1): 142–158. Bibcode:2002AJ....123..142C. doi:10.1086/324739.
^ "The loneliest of galaxies". Hubble Space Telescope. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
^ "MCG+01-02-015". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
^ "NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Focuses on Lonely Galaxy". Sci.News. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
^ "Hubble Views a Lonely Galaxy". Space Daily. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Hubble Sees Two Dwarf Galaxies in Pisces". Sci-News. 15 August 2016.
^ Tully, Brent. "The Local Void" (PDF). AMIGA - Analysis of the interstellar Medium of Isolated Galaxies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2009.

External links

Panjkov, Sonja (22 April 2023). Trierweiler, Isabella (ed.). "Is One Really the Loneliest Number? Void Galaxies Compared to Their More Popular Counterparts in the Field". Astrobites.

[CosmicallyDepressed-1] Rien van de Weygaert; Platen, Erwin; Tigrak, Esra; Hidding, Johan; Thijs van der Hulst; Aragon-Calvo, Miguel A.; Stanonik, Kathryn; Jacqueline van Gorkom (17 December 2009). "The Cosmically Depressed: Life, Sociology and Identity of Voids". Galaxies in Isolation: Exploring Nature Versus Nurture. 421: 99. arXiv:0912.3473v1. Bibcode:2010ASPC..421...99V.

[EmptinessOfVoids-2] SchmidtFirst1=K.-H.; Bohm, P.; Elsasser, H. (February 1997). "On the emptiness of voids". Astronomische Nachrichten. 318 (2): 81. Bibcode:1997AN....318...81S. doi:10.1002/asna.2113180204.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[VoidFaintGalaxies-3] Kuhn, B.; Hopp, U.; Elsaesser, H. (February 1997). "Results of a search for faint galaxies in voids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 318: 405–415. Bibcode:1997A&A...318..405K. ISSN 0004-6361.

[BridgeVoidFilament-4] Park, Daeseong; Lee, Jounghun (December 2009). "The Bridge Effect of Void Filaments". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 400 (2): 1105–1108. arXiv:0905.4277v2. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.400.1105P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15524.x. S2CID 16612240.

[FineFilamentsDetected-5] Alpaslan, Mehmet; Robotham, Aaron S. G.; Obreschkow, Danail; Penny, Samantha; Driver, Simon; Norberg, Peder; Brough, Sarah; Brown, Michael; Cluver, Michelle; Holwerda, Benne; Hopkins, Andrew M.; van Kampen, Eelco; Kelvin, Lee S.; Lara-Lopez, Maritza A.; Liske, Jochen; Loveday, Jon; Mahajan, Smriti; Pimbblet, Kevin (1 May 2014). "Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): fine filaments of galaxies detected within voids". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 440 (1): L106–L110. arXiv:1401.7331. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440L.106A. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu019.

[Studies_0049+05-6] Petrov, G.T.; Slavcheva-Mihova, L.; Kopchev, V. (2007). "Studies of Selected Voids. Faint Galaxies in the Direction of the Void 0049+05" (PDF). Bulg. J. Phys. 34 (2): 385–390.

[StructureDynamicsGalaxies-7] Van De Weygaert, Rien; Platen, Erwin (2011). "Cosmic Voids: Structure, Dynamics and Galaxies". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series. 01: 41–66. arXiv:0912.2997. Bibcode:2011IJMPS...1...41V. doi:10.1142/S2010194511000092. ISSN 2010-1945.

[8] Dvorsky, George (6 July 2012). "Behold the Boötes void, the spookiest place in the cosmos". io9. Retrieved 25 August 2019.

[10.1086/318868-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Kim, Chulhee; Boller, Th.; Ghosh, Kajal K.; Swartz, Douglas A.; Ramsey, Brian D. (January 2001). "Detection of X-Ray Emission from Galaxies inside the Bootes Void". The Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): L91–L95. Bibcode:2001ApJ...546L..91K. doi:10.1086/318868.

[10.1086/324739-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cruzen, Shawn; Wehr, Tara; Weistrop, Donna; Angione, Ronald J.; Hoopes, Charles (January 2002). "Spectroscopy of Galaxies in the Bootes Void". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (1): 142–158. Bibcode:2002AJ....123..142C. doi:10.1086/324739.

[HST-potw1545a-11] "The loneliest of galaxies". Hubble Space Telescope. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[SIMBBAD-MCG+01-02-015-12] "MCG+01-02-015". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.

[SciNews--13] "NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Focuses on Lonely Galaxy". Sci.News. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2024.

[SpaceDaily-2015-11-18-14] "Hubble Views a Lonely Galaxy". Space Daily. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2024.

[SciNews-2016-08-15-15] "Hubble Sees Two Dwarf Galaxies in Pisces". Sci-News. 15 August 2016.

[16] Tully, Brent. "The Local Void" (PDF). AMIGA - Analysis of the interstellar Medium of Isolated Galaxies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2009.

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Void galaxy

Formation

List of void galaxies

See also

References

External links

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