A task force (TF) is a unit or formation established to work on a single defined task or activity. Originally introduced by the United States Navy,[1] the term has now caught on for general usage and is a standard part of NATO terminology. Many non-military organizations now create "task forces" or task groups for temporary activities that might have once been performed by ad hoc (designated purpose)committees. In non-military contexts, working groups are sometimes called task forces.
The concept of a naval task force is as old as navies, and prior to that time the assembly of ships for naval operations was referred to as fleets, divisions, or on the smaller scale, squadrons, and flotillas.
Before World War II ships were collected into divisions derived from the Royal Navy's "division" of the line of battle in which one squadron usually remained under the direct command of the Admiral of the Fleet, one squadron was commanded by a Vice Admiral, and one by a Rear Admiral, each flying a different command flag, hence the terms flagship and flag officer. The names "Vice" (second) and "Rear" might have derived from sailing positions within the line at the moment of engagement. In the late 19th century ships were collected in numbered squadrons, which were assigned to named (such as the Asiatic Fleet) and later numbered fleets.
A task force can be assembled using ships from different divisions and squadrons, without requiring a formal and permanent fleet reorganization, and can be easily dissolved following completion of the operational task. The task force concept worked very well, and by the end of World War II about 100 task forces had been created in the U.S. Navy alone.[citation needed]
United States Navy
In the United States Navy, task forces are generally temporary organizations composed of particular ships, aircraft, submarines, military land forces, or shore service units, assigned to fulfill certain missions. The emphasis is placed on the individual commander of the unit, and references to "Commander, Task Force" ("CTF") are common.
History
In the U.S. Navy, task forces as part of numbered fleets have been assigned a two-digit number since March 1943, when Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet, Admiral Ernest J. King assigned odd fleets to those in the Pacific, and even fleets to those in the Atlantic.
The Second Fleet was assigned the Atlantic Fleet, with the Fourth Fleet being assigned to the South Atlantic Force, the Eighth Fleet being assigned to Naval Forces, Northwest African waters, and the Twelfth Fleet assigned to the Naval Forces, Europe.[2]
The United States Navy has used numbered task forces in the same way since 1945. The U.S. Department of Defense often forms a Joint Task Force if the force includes units from other services. Joint Task Force 1 was the atomic bomb test force during the post–World War II Operation Crossroads.[3]
The first digit of a task force designation is that of its parent fleet while the second is sequential. A task force may be made up of groups, each made up of units. Task groups within a force are numbered by an additional digit separated from the TF number by a decimal point. Task units within a group are indicated by an additional decimal. For example, "the third task unit of the fifth task group of the second task force of the Sixth Fleet would be numbered 62.5.3." This system extends further to task elements, individual ships in a task group. This arrangement was typically abbreviated, so references like TF 11 are commonly seen.[6] Task units are sometimes nicknamed "Taffy", as in "Taffy 3" of Task Force 77, formally Task Unit 77.4.3. There is no requirement for uniqueness over time (e.g., the United States Seventh Fleet used TF 76 in World War II, and off Vietnam, and continued to use TF 70–79 numberings throughout the rest of the twentieth century, and up to 2012).
Earlier in the Second World War, the British Royal Navy had already devised its own system of Forces, they mainly assigned a letter occasionally a number some of the task forces are listed below .
Formed as part of a number of hunting task groups on 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939 and part of the South America Division after which it was stationed at, Gibraltar, took part in Operation Catapult, 3 July 1940, took part in Operation Rheinübung 19 May - 15 June 1941.
In Argentina, Navy Task Units of Task Group (Grupo de Tareas) G.T.3.3 [es] were responsible for thousands of instances of forced disappearance, torture and illegal execution of Argentine civilians, many of whom were incarcerated in the Higher School of Mechanics of the Navy detention center during the 1976–1983 military dictatorship.[12]
During the Falklands War in 1982 the Argentine Navy formed three smaller Grupos de Tareas (Task Groups) for pincer movements against the Royal Navy.
Army
In the U.S. Army, a task force is a battalion-sized (usually, although there are variations in size) ad hoc unit formed by attaching smaller elements of other units. A company-sized unit with an armored or mechanized infantry unit attached is called a company team. A similar unit at the brigade level is called a brigade combat team (BCT), and there is also a similar Regimental combat team (RCT).
In government or business a task force is a temporary organization created to solve a particular problem. It is considered to be a more formal ad hoccommittee.
A taskforce, or more commonly, task force, is a special committee, usually of experts, formed expressly for the purpose of studying a particular problem. The task force usually performs some sort of an audit to assess the current situation, then draws up a list of all the current problems present and evaluates which ones merit fixing and which ones are actually fixable. The task force would then formulate a set of solutions to the problems and pick the "best" solution to each problem, as determined by some set of standards. For example, a task force set up to eliminate excessive government spending might consider a "best" solution to be one that saves the most money. Normally, the task force then presents its findings and proposed solutions to the institution that called for its formation; it is then up to the institution itself to actually act upon the task force's recommendations.
Task Force Leatherneck is the name given the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade during their 2009 operations in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. They are a Marine Air-Ground Task Force commanded by Brigadier General Larry Nicholson, assigned to work under the International Security Assistance Force.
US Army Task Force Lethal is the name for 2-12 Infantry battalion out of Fort Carson, Colorado. Part of the Army's 4th Infantry Division, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Battalion, 12th Infantry Regiment Task Force Lethal. Some of the heaviest firefights US troops were engaged in were in the Kunar province by teams of Task Force Lethal, there to replace members of the 173rd Airborne units and their outpost Restrepo. Task Force Lethal is assigned to work as part of the International Security Assistance Force. Task Force Lethal prides itself as one of the Army's premier multi-task light Infantry units that has trained at home in the mountainous regions of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and excels at high altitude warfare. The commandos of Task Force Lethal have remained one of the US Army's most elite task forces in the global War on Terror since the start in 2003.
Task Force 1-41 Infantry was a U.S. Army heavy battalion task force which took part in the Gulf War of January–March 1991. Task Force 1-41 Infantry was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. It consisted primarily of the 1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment, 3rd Battalion, 66th Armor Regiment, and the 4th Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, all being part of the 2nd Armored Division (Forward), based at Lucius D. Clay Kaserne, 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of Bremen, in the Federal Republic of Germany.
^Mountbatten, John Winton ; with a foreword by Earl (1978). Sink the Haguro! : the last destroyer action of the Second World War. London: Seeley, Service. p. 28. ISBN0854221522.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Hobbs, David (2011). The British Pacific Fleet: the Royal Navy's most powerful strike force. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-1591140443.
^Horner, David, ed. (2008). Duty First: A History of the Royal Australian Regiment (Second ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. p. 177. ISBN9781741753745.
Pemanfaatan hutan yang diperuntukkan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat harus sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah Pemanfaatan hutan adalah kegiatan untuk memanfaatkan kawasan hutan, memanfaatkan jasa lingkungan, memanfaatkan hasil hutan kayu dan hasil hutan non-kayu serta memungut hasil hutan kayu dan bukan kayu secara optimal dan adil untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan tetap menjaga kelestariannya. Di Indonesia, pemanfaatan hutan diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah no. 6 tahun 2007 tentang Tata Hut…
Machines that count seeds for research and packaging Seed-counting machineA seed counter and packagerIndustryAgricultureApplicationCounting seeds Seed counting machines count seeds for research and packaging purposes. The machines typically provide total counts of seeds or batch sizes for packaging. Background The first seed counters were developed to count legumes and other seeds which were large.[1] Traditionally, the seed packaging industry packed seeds by weight but sold them by numb…
Dewan Rakyat Kanada Chambre des communes du CanadaParlemen Ke 44JenisJenisMajelis Rendah dalam Parlemen Kanada PimpinanKetuaAnthony Rota, Partai Liberal Kanada sejak 5 Desember 2019 Perdana MenteriJustin Trudeau, Partai Liberal Kanada sejak 4 November 2015 Pemimpin Pemerintah di DewanMark Holland, Partai Liberal Kanada sejak 26 Oktober 2021 Pemimpin OposisiCandice Bergen, Partai Konservatif Kanada sejak 2 Februari 2022 Pemimpin Oposisi di DewanJohn Brassard, Partai Konservati…
Borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States Borough in New JerseyChesilhurst, New JerseyBoroughGrant A.M.E. Church SealLocation of Chesilhurst in Camden County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Camden County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (left).Census Bureau map of Chesilhurst, New JerseyChesilhurstLocation in Camden CountyShow map of Camden County, New JerseyChesilhurstLocation in New JerseyShow map of New JerseyChesilhurstLocation in the United StatesShow map of …
هذه المقالة عن لادينية. لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع إحيائية. نسبة أهمية الدين حسب البلد، مؤسسة غالوب[1] نسبة اللادينيين حسب البلد، مركز بيو للأبحاث (2010). اللادينية (بالإنجليزية: Irreligion) هي عدم الإيمان أو المبالاة بدين معين،[2][3] وتعد اتجاهاً فكرياً يرفض مرجعية الدين ف…
American TV series or program Only in America with Larry the Cable GuyGenreTravel documentaryStarringLarry the Cable GuyCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons3No. of episodes50ProductionExecutive producers Craig Piligian Eddie Rohwedder J.P. Williams Larry the Cable Guy Susan Werbe Running time42 minutesProduction companies Parallel Entertainment Pilgrim Studios Original releaseNetworkHistoryReleaseFebruary 8, 2011 (2011-02-08) –August 28, 2013 (201…
سلالة سونغ 宋 960 – 1279 أسرة سونغ في أقصى اتساع لها سنة 1111م عاصمة كايفنغ (960-1127) نانجينغ (1129-1138) لينآن (1138-1276) نظام الحكم أوتوقراطية اللغة صينية كلاسيكية الديانة البوذية، الطاوية، كونفوشية، الديانات الصينية الشعبية، الإسلام، المسيحية الإمبراطور الإمبراطور تايزو (الأول) 960-976…
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) 1955 في الولايات المتحدةمعلومات عامةالسنة 1955 1954 في الولايات المتحدة 1956 في الولايات المتحدة تعديل - تعديل مصد…
1971 American film by Jerry Schatzberg The Panic In Needle ParkOriginal poster (with Ontario Censor Board classification)Directed byJerry SchatzbergScreenplay byJoan DidionJohn Gregory DunneBased onThe Panic in Needle Park1966 novelby James MillsProduced byDominick DunneStarring Al Pacino Kitty Winn Alan Vint Richard Bright Raúl Juliá Kiel Martin Paul Sorvino CinematographyAdam HolenderEdited byEvan A. LottmanProductioncompaniesGadd Productions Corp.Didion-DunneDistributed by20th Century-FoxRe…
Electrochemical cell in which a temperature difference produces a voltage Thermogalvanic cell displaying the elements making up the cell In electrochemistry, a thermogalvanic cell is a kind of galvanic cell in which heat is employed to provide electrical power directly.[1][2] These cells are electrochemical cells in which the two electrodes are deliberately maintained at different temperatures. This temperature difference generates a potential difference between the electrodes.…
First period of the Cenozoic Era (66–23 million years ago) Not to be confused with Paleocene. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (November 2023) This article needs attention from an expert in Geology or Palaeontology. The specific problem…
This article is part of a series on theScience and technology of the United States of AmericaApollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle above the Moon in July 1969 Timeline Before 1890 1890–1945 1991–present Development Discoveries NASA spin-off technologies Technological and industrial history Contributions by ethnicity African Americans Asian Americans Native Americans Puerto Ricans United States portalvte This list of African-American inventors and scientists documents many of the African Americans…
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: DiGiorgio Corporation – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) DiGiorgio corporation was a fruit-growing corporation and eventual conglomerate in the 20th century. Once a vast company, owning much of Ca…
Artem Fedetskyi Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Artem FedetskyiTanggal lahir 26 April 1985 (umur 39)Tempat lahir Novovolynsk, Uni SovietTinggi 183 m (600 ft 4+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini Karpaty LvivNomor 44Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2006–2007 FC Arsenal Kyiv 12 (0)2007–2008 FC Kharkiv 24 (5)2008–2009 Shakhtar Donetsk 5 (1)2009– →Karpaty Lviv 51 (10)Tim nasional‡2010 Ukraina 16 (0) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dih…
Study of organisms and their environment For other uses, see Ecology (disambiguation). Not to be confused with ethology, ethnology, etiology, or deep ecology. Ecology Ecology addresses the full scale of life, from tiny bacteria to processes that span the entire planet. Ecologists study many diverse and complex relations among species, such as predation and pollination. The diversity of life is organized into different habitats, from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. Part of a series onBiologySc…
Busur beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lainnya, lihat Busur (disambiguasi). Seorang pemanah dengan sebuah busur dan kantong berisi anak panah. Busur atau panah atau busur panah dikategorikan sebagai sebuah senjata yang digunakan untuk menembakkan anak panah, dibantu oleh kekuatan elastisitas dari panah itu sendiri. Biasanya senjata ini digunakan untuk berburu dan pada masa lalu sebagai salah satu peralatan perang. Selain itu panah juga digunakan sebagai alat utama dalam olahraga panahan. D…