Sumaila
Sumaila is a historic town and the headquarters of a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. HistorySumaila was established as a Jobawa (Jobe- Fulani) 'Sansani' or Settlement in the 1740s.[1] Located within the fertile plains of south eastern Kano, it provided the clan an easy migratory pathway to the grazing grounds of the savannah of eastern Hausa land. Originally called 'Garun- Sam'ila' after one of its first settlers, it attracted little attention during the time of the Sultanate. The sharp rise of Jobe influence in eastern Kano in the late 18th century saw the construction of a stockade and a partial fort around the town in the 1750s, prominent people from Sumaila related to the Jobawa/ Jobe clan include Sarkin Sumaila and Alhaji Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila.[2] Sumaila rose to prominence in the time of the Caliphate when it became the site of an epic battle that halted the advance of the Bornoan cavalry when El-Kanemi encroached into the Sokoto Caliphate. When during the reign of Emir Abdullahi Maje-Karofi, the Ningi rebellion broke out, a Ribat was constructed around the town and a permanent fulani force was stationed there to protect the southern borders of the Emirate. During the Kano civil war or Basasa, Sumaila was a major hub for pan-Yusuf forces because of its close proximity to Takai; the capital of the Yusufawa. Colonial periodServing as a frontier fortress, the British pacification campaigns greatly affected Sumaila. In 1903, the entire Fulani military contingent of the fort under Dan-Sumaila Garba- Maje Gabas was lost in the Kano- Sokoto expedition.[1] The Last Caliph of Sokoto, Sultan Attahiru passed through the outskirts of the town attracting there from a large followership in his pilgrimage to Burmi after the fall of the Caliphate. The fall of the Emirate witnessed a sharp decline in commerce in eastern Kano and in the 1910s. A provincial reorganization removed administration of the district's affairs to Wudil[1] and Sumaila was relegated to sub-borough status. In 1923, the discovery of gold reserves by a British mining expedition led to another provincial reorganization that restored District Status. Political crisis however within the province's administration and fears of the pre-federal Nigerian government then being administered from Lagos and managed by non-Northerners scuttled the mining efforts. Post-colonial periodIn 1967, the collapse of the Government of Northern Nigeria again ended the administrative independence of Sumaila, this was not to be restored until the Second Nigerian Republic when a Sumailan, Abubakar Rimi was elected Governor of Kano under the People's Redemption Party. In 1983, the collapse of the PRP government saw another momentary transference of administration to Wudil. SubdivisionsIts subdivisions are[3]
Notable Sumailans
ReligionThe two main religions practice in sumaila are Islam and Christianity. Prominent clansTitle Holders of the District HeadThe members of the District Head Council are the following:[4]
EconomyLarge amounts of rice, beans, millet, and groundnuts are farmed in Sumaila Local Government Area, which has a significant farming history. Sumaila Local Government Area is a hub of trade, with multiple markets like the Gomo market where a wide range of goods are bought and sold. Animal husbandry, leather manufacturing, and textile weaving are some of the other significant economic activities in Sumaila Local Government Area.[5] GeographySumaila Local Government Area has an average temperature of 32 degrees Celsius with a total area of 1,250 square kilometers. With an average wind speed of 9 km/h, the Local Government Area has two different seasons: the dry season and the rainy season.[5] ClimateSumaila, which is 0 feet (0 meters) above sea level, is in a subtropical steppe climatic zone (classification: BSh). The area averages a yearly temperature of 31.56 oC (88.81 oF), which is 2.1% higher than the national average for Nigeria. Sumaila generally experiences 64.66 rainy days year, or about 1.72% of the total 51.12 millimeters (2.01 inches) of precipitation that falls there.[6] Naqib Al Ashraf of Sumaila (Sarkin Sharifan Sumaila)Naqib al-ashraf (Arabic: نقيب الأشراف) (plural: nuqaba or niqabat) was a governmental post in various Muslim empires denoting the head or supervisor of the descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[7] The descendants of Muhammad were known as ashraf and throughout Islamic history, the ashraf organized themselves into large groups, akin to corporations, throughout the various Muslim territories.[7] This was done to ensure their special place in Muslim society and thus maintain their socio-political privileges.[7] The office dated back at least to the Mamluk era and was maintained by the Ottoman Empire.[8] During the Ottoman era, there was an imperial naqib al-ashraf who appointed subordinate provincial nuqaba al-ashraf. The appointments were renewed or changed on an annual basis. The official role of the imperial naqib al-ashraf was to keep updated lists of the ashraf and to distribute to the provincial nuqaba al-ashraf the goods and funds that they required to administer the affairs of the ashraf under their respective jurisdictions.[7] Ashraf in the Ottoman Empire were accorded special privileges, including personal inviolability, certain tax exemptions and immunity from regular prosecution. In the event of a legal complaint against a member of the ashraf, the naqib al-ashraf would prosecute and judge the alleged offender.[9] The imperial naqib al-ashraf was typically a member of the ashraf based in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul.[8] The naqib al-ashraf played a significant role in the sultanic court ceremonials in Istanbul.[9] In Sumaila, the Madinawa clan are serving in the post, they are Islamic Leaders that claimed to be a clan of Sharifian descent and traced their lineage to the family of Muhammad through his grandson Hassan ibn Ali. They are related to the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco and are said to have migrated to the Sultanate of Kano in Nigeria due to conflicts and wars within the Moroccan monarchy after the death of Ismail ibn Sharif. The claim of being descendants of Muhammad enabled them to be regarded as a kind of nobility, with them becoming privileged in the chieftaincy system of the Kano Emirate. They were additionally believed to possess baraka, in Kano Emirate, they are referred to as Awliya Madinawa Malamai by some people, in reference to the city of Medina where they claimed to have originated from, situated in Western Saudi Arabia. Most of their ancestors were Islamic saints, the Muallimawa family Dynasty a branch of the Madinawa clan holds the position of Naqib al- ashraf in Sumaila. The Sarkin Sharifan Sumaila is Ahmed Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila who is from the Madinawa Clan paternally through his paternal great-grandfather Limamin Kadawa Malam Abdurrahim Ibrahim Sheeth Ghali.[10]
References
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