St Mary's Church, Guildford

St Mary's Church
	St Mary's Church from Quarry Street
	St Mary's Church, Guildford Location in Surrey
	51°14′05″N 0°34′39″W / 51.2346°N 0.5774°W
OS grid reference	SU 99614 49344
Location	Quarry Street, Guildford
Country	England
Denomination	Church of England / Methodist
Churchmanship	Liberal
History
Dedication	St Mary
Associated people	Lewis Carroll
Architecture
Heritage designation	Grade I
Designated	1 May 1953
Specifications
Materials	Flint and chalk rubble
Bells	6
Tenor bell weight	15 long cwt (1,700 lb or 800 kg)
Administration
Parish	Holy Trinity and St Mary
Clergy
Rector	Robert Cotton
Curate(s)	Tom Pope
Minister(s)	Keith Beckingham (Methodist)

St Mary's Church is an Anglican church in Guildford in Surrey, England; the church's Anglo-Saxon tower is the oldest surviving structure in the town. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, the author Lewis Carroll, preached here^[1] and his funeral was held in the church in 1898.^[2]^[3]^[4] Coming under the Diocese of Guildford, the church has been Grade I listed since 1953.^[5]

History

A stone Anglo-Saxon church built in about 1040 AD the tower of which still stands today,^[3] St Mary's Church is believed to stand on the same site as Guildford's first church which was probably a small timber structure built in about 600 AD. St Mary's Church tower, which is built of rough flint, is the oldest surviving piece of architecture in Guildford^[5] being at least 70 years older than the nearby Guildford Castle.^[6]^[7] As the castle was a popular royal residence in the 12th and 13th centuries and as St Mary's is very close to it, it was used occasionally for royal worship and Thomas Becket may have celebrated Mass here.^[5] In 1274, Henry, the six-year-old son of Edward I was dying at the castle, 13 widows held an all-night vigil in the church for him but in vain. After he died three masses were celebrated in St Mary's for his soul.^[8]

In about 1120 the canons of Merton Priory acquired St Mary's and rebuilt the church giving it the cross-shaped plan we see today. In the 1140s the St John's chapel was added to the south of the church. Much of the present building dates from the 1180s. The chancel had an apse until it was demolished in 1825. In the 14th century a large number of windows were inserted, while the chancel has a 15th-century east window of five cinquefoiled lights with tracery over, in a four-centred head.^[7] During the Reformation the church underwent significant changes in the way it was decorated but the corbels mainly survived including one on the South side of a carving of ravens placing food into Elijah’s mouth. Two other corbels in the north aisle, however, which had been carved to show angels still show signs of destruction from that period.^[3]^[7]

Guildford Methodist Church officially joined St Mary's on 1 September 2013, and the church is now a joint Anglican and Methodist congregation^[9]^[10]^[11] as well as being part of a joint parish with nearby Holy Trinity.^[12]

Design

In 1825 the chancel was shortened to allow for the adjacent Quarry Street to be widened. In 1862 St Mary’s was restored by Thomas Goodchild (died 1885) when the stonework was renewed and the gallery removed. Goodchild's restoration did not eliminate the 11th- and 12th-century fabric of this ancient parish church. The whole of the exterior of the walling (excepting that of the tower and the east wall, which is of chalk) has been encased with flint, and all the buttresses are Victorian except one.^[7] The East window is by William Holland and shows The Nativity, the Baptism, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection and Ascension of our Lord.^[13] The West window of the north aisle is by the Royal Bavarian Art Institute for Stained Glass and dates from about 1850.^[5] The font is Victorian and has a square bowl of clunch with scalloped under-edge, resting on a chamfered square stem and four small stone shafts with scalloped capitals and moulded bases. The pulpit, which was added by Goodchild, is of stone and marble and replaced one from the 17th-century.^[5]^[7]

Lewis Carroll

From the present pulpit the Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ("Lewis Carroll") used to occasionally preach when staying with his family in their home, The Chestnuts nearby. It was also at St Mary's that his funeral was held.^[1]^[3]^[4]