Sciuromorpha

Sciuromorpha; Temporal range: Late Paleocene to Recent
	Ammospermophilus leucurus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Suborder:	Sciuromorpha; Brandt, 1855
Families
	†Allomyidae; Aplodontiidae; †Mylagaulidae; Sciuridae; †Reithroparamyidae; Gliridae

Sciuromorpha (/sɪˈjuːrəmɔːrfə/ 'squirrel-like') is a rodent clade that includes several rodent families. It includes all members of the Sciuridae (the squirrel family) as well as the mountain beaver species.

Traditionally, the term has been defined on the basis of the shape of the infraorbital canal. A sciuromorphous zygomasseteric system is characterized by attachment of the lateral masseter muscle along the side of the rostrum. Unlike hystricomorphous and myomorphous rodents, the medial masseter muscle does not pass through the infraorbital canal. Among extant rodents, only the families Sciuridae, Castoridae, Heteromyidae, and Geomyidae are truly sciuromorphous. Some authorities would exclude the Geomyidae and Heteromyidae from that list due to the attachment of the medial masseter directly behind the zygomatic arch. in the squirrels, and which has, at its basal portion, a double series of projecting horny scales, which probably help it in climbing trees.^[1]

Carleton and Musser (2005) redefined the rodent suborders on morphological and molecular grounds. They defined the Sciuromorpha as including three families, Sciuridae, Aplodontiidae, and Gliridae. Of these, only the Sciuridae are truly sciuromorphous. The Aplodontiidae are protrogomorphous and the Gliridae are myomorphous. The connection between Aplodontiidae and Sciuridae has been proposed numerous times in the past. The two families have been united into a common infraorder (Sciurida) or superfamily (Sciuroidea). It has long been suggested that dormice (Gliridae) are not particularly related to the Myomorpha, and their zygomasseteric structure has been termed "pseudomyomorphy". The connection between squirrels and dormice has been almost exclusively suggested through genetic studies, and to a lesser degree via the fossil rodent Reithroparamys.

Current families

The suborder Sciuromorpha contains 307 living species in 61 genera and three families. At least three extinct families are also recognised.

† Allomyidae
Aplodontiidae – mountain beaver
† Mylagaulidae
Sciuridae – squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, flying squirrels, etc.
† Reithroparamyidae
Gliridae – dormice

Historical families

Castoridae – beavers
Geomyidae – pocket gophers
Heteromyidae – pocket mice, kangaroo rats, and kangaroo mice
Pedetidae – springhares
Anomaluridae – anomalures

References

^ "NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MAMMALIA OF INDIA AND CEYLON".

Carleton, M. D. and G. G. Musser (2005). "Order Rodentia". pp. 745–752 in Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.