Sappinia diploidea

Sappinia diploidea
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Phylum:
Amoebozoa
Class:
Discosea
Subclass:
Flabellinia
Family:
Thecamoebidae
Genus:
Sappinia
Species:
S. diploidea
Binomial name
Sappinia diploidea

Sappinia diploidea is a free-living[1] amoeba species.[2]

Background

Sappinia can be found worldwide. It usually occurs in elk and buffalo feces, places where farm animals are known to eat, soil containing rotting plants, and fresh water sources.[2]

Clinical significance

It is capable of causing infectious disease in humans.[3][4][5]

Symptoms of Sappinia infection

Symptoms of a Sappinia infection include headache, photophobia, nausea or upset stomach, vomiting, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness. A scan of the one, infected patient’s brain also revealed a 2-centimeter tumor-like mass on the back left section of his brain.[2]

Treatment

Treatment for the one identified case of Sappinia infection included the removal of a tumor in the brain and a series of drugs given to the patient after surgery. This treatment led to the patient’s full recovery.[6][7][8]

References

  1. ^ Visvesvara GS; Moura H; Schuster FL (June 2007). "Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia diploidea". FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 50 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00232.x. PMID 17428307.
  2. ^ a b c Brown; J.D. Silberman; F.W. Spiegel (2007). "Amoeba at attention: phylogenetic affinity of Sappinia pedata". J Eukaryot Microbiol. 54 (6): 511–9. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00292.x. PMID 18070328. S2CID 45094015. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  3. ^ "Acanthamoeba: Overview - eMedicine". Retrieved 2009-01-11.
  4. ^ Gelman BB, Rauf SJ, Nader R, et al. (May 2001). "Amoebic encephalitis due to Sappinia diploidea". JAMA. 285 (19): 2450–1. doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2450. PMID 11368696.
  5. ^ Wylezich, C.; Walochnik, J.; Michel, R. (2009). "High genetic diversity of Sappinia-like strains (Amoebozoa, Thecamoebidae) revealed by SSU rRNA investigations". Parasitology Research. 105 (3): 869–873. doi:10.1007/s00436-009-1482-1. PMID 19495795. S2CID 28942657.
  6. ^ Gelman, B.B. "Parasites-Sappinia". Amoebic encephalitis due to Sappinia diploidea. JAMA, 2001. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  7. ^ Gelman BB, Popov V, Chaljub G, et al. (October 2003). "Neuropathological and ultrastructural features of amebic encephalitis caused by Sappinia diploidea". J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 62 (10): 990–8. doi:10.1093/jnen/62.10.990. PMID 14575235.
  8. ^ Marciano‐Cabral F (2009). "Free‐Living Amoebae as Agents of Human Infection". J Infect Dis. 199 (8): 1104–1106. doi:10.1086/597474. PMID 19302009.