Sankissa

Sankissa
Sankisa

Elephant capital at Sankissa, one of the Pillars of Ashoka, 3rd century BCE
Detail of the abacus.
Sankissa is located in India
Sankissa
Shown within India
Sankissa is located in Uttar Pradesh
Sankissa
Sankissa (Uttar Pradesh)
LocationFarrukhabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Coordinates27°20′02″N 79°16′16″E / 27.33389°N 79.27111°E / 27.33389; 79.27111
TypeSettlement
Pilgrimage to
Buddha's Holy Sites
The Four Main Sites
Four Additional Sites
Other Sites

Sankissa (also Sankasia, Sankassa and Sankasya) was an ancient city in India. The city came into prominence at the time of Gautama Buddha. According to a Buddhist source, it was thirty leagues from Savatthi.[1] After the Gautama Buddha's Mahaparinirvana (death) king Ashoka developed this place and installed one of his Pillars of Ashoka in the city, of which the elephant capital survives. He also built a stupa and a temple commemorating the visit of the Buddha. The ruins of the stupa are also present as a temple of Vishari Devi.

Descent of the Buddha from the Trayastrimsa Heaven at Sankissa.[2]

It has ruins of old monasteries and Buddhist monuments. The Briton Alexander Cunningham discovered the place in 1842.

Sankissa is now identified with Sankisa Basantapura on the north bank of the Ikkhumati river (Kalinadi), between Kampil and Kannauj, twenty-three miles west of Fatehgarh, twenty-five south of Kaimganj and forty-five north of Kannauj, in Farrukhabad district of Uttar Pradesh state of India.

Ancient Buddhist events at Sankassa

Sankissa is recorded in the Tipitaka.

It was at Sankissa that the Buddha is said to have returned to earth, after preaching the Abhidhamma Pitaka in Tavatimsa, following the performance of the Twin Miracle under the (Gandamba) Mango tree. As the time approached for the Buddha to leave Távatimsa, Moggallana (Anuruddha, according to Sutta Nipāta Commentary ii 570[3]) announced his coming return to the multitude, who had been waiting at Savatthi, fed by Culla Anathapindika, while Moggallana expounded the Dhamma. They then made their way to Sankissa. The descent of the Buddha took place on the day of the Mahapavarana festival. Sakka provides three ladders for the Buddha's descent from Sineru to the earth: on the right was a ladder of gold for the gods; on the left a silver ladder for Maha Brahma and his retinue; and in the middle a ladder of jewels for the Buddha. The assembled people covered the earth for thirty leagues round. There was a clear view of the nine Brahma worlds above and of Avici (a hell) below. The Buddha was accompanied by Pañcasikha, Mátali, Mahá Brahmá and Suyáma. Sariputta was the first to welcome him (followed by Uppalavanna.[4]

On this occasion was preached the Parosahassa Játaka to proclaim to the multitude the unparalleled wisdom of Sáriputta.[1][4] It is said that the Buddha's descent to Sankissa had provided opportunity for Moggallána to show his eminence in iddhi, Anuruddha in dibbacakkhu, and Punna in skill in preaching, and the Buddha wished to give Sariputta a chance of shining in his wisdom.[1][4][5][6]

The site of the city gate of Sankissa is said to be one of the "unchangeable" spots of the world (avijahitatthanam) where all Buddhas descend to the world of men after preaching the Abhidhamma.[7][8] From Sankissa the Buddha went to Jetavana.[9]

  • Descent to Sankissa in Bharhut.
    Descent to Sankissa in Bharhut.
  • Descent to Sankissa, in the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara.
    Descent to Sankissa, in the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara.
  • Descent from Heaven, 2nd century CE, Mathura.
    Descent from Heaven, 2nd century CE, Mathura.
  • The Buddha Preaching in Sankissa
    The Buddha Preaching in Sankissa

Architecture

The Sankissa elephant under a protective roof.
Possible reconstitution of the elephant.
The Bodh Gaya Mahabodhi Temple pillar, another Ashokan elephant pillar, portrayed in a Bharhut relief, 100 BCE.

A shrine was erected on the spot where the Buddha's right foot first touched the ground at Sankissa.[10] When the Chinese pilgrims, Xuanzang and Faxian, visited the place, they found three ladders, which had been built of brick and stone by the ancients, to commemorate the Buddha's descent, but the ladders were nearly sunk in the earth.[11][12]

There was, in the Buddha's time, a deer park at Sankissa where Suhemanta Thera heard the Buddha preach.[13] During the Vajjiputta controversy, Revata Thera, on his way from Soreyya to Sahajati, went through Sankissa. The road he took passed through Sankissa, Kannakujja, Udumbara and Aggalapura.[14] The excavations carried out in the place did not reveal any artifacts of importance.

An elephant capital from the period of the Mauryas was found at the site.[15]

Location

Map of Sankissa in relation to other Eight Great Places Buddhist pilgrimage sites and notable nearby cities

Sankissa is about 250 km and is a 4 hours 30 minutes' drive from Kanpur Airport.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sankissa.
  1. ^ a b c Dhammapadatthakathā, iii, 224
  2. ^ Marshall p.56
  3. ^ cf. Visuddhi magga, p. 391
  4. ^ a b c Sutta Nipāta Commentary, ii, 570
  5. ^ Jātaka, ed. Fausboll, iv, 266
  6. ^ see also Jhánasodhana, Sarabhamiga, and Candábha Játakas
  7. ^ Buddhavamsa Commentary 106, 247
  8. ^ Papañca Sūdanī, Majjhima Commentary i 371
  9. ^ Jātaka, ed. Fausboll, i, 193
  10. ^ Dhammapadatthakathā, iii, 227
  11. ^ Samuel Beal, Romantic Legend of the Buddha, i, 203
  12. ^ Fa Hien, p. 24
  13. ^ Theragāthā Commentary, i, 212
  14. ^ Vinaya Pitaka, ed. Oldenberg, ii, 299f
  15. ^ Sen, Dr. A. C. (2008). Buddhist shrines in India. Kolkota: Maha Bodhi Book Agency. p. 63. ISBN 978-81-87032-78-6.
  16. ^ John Irwin, The true chronology of Ashokan Pillars