Sandnes-mål

Sandnes-mål
Region	Sandnes
Language family	Indo-European Germanic Northwest Germanic[1] North Germanic West Scandinavian Norwegian Sandnes-mål
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None

Sandnes-mål, Sandnes dialect or Sandnes Norwegian (Bokmål: Sandnes-mål or Sandnesdialekten)[2] is a dialect of Norwegian used in Sandnes.

Phonology

Consonants

• Between and after vowels, the voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ are realized as voiced [b, d, ɡ].[3]
• /ç/ merges with /ʃ/ into [ʃ].[4]
• /r/ is uvular.[5]

Vowels

Apart from /ə/, all short vowels have a long equivalent, which has the same quality as the short vowel (excluding the /a–aː/ pair).[6]

Monophthongs of Sandnes-mål, from Ims (2010:14)

Monophthong phonemes of Sandnes-mål[7]

	Front				Central		Back
	unrounded		rounded
	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i	iː	y	yː	ʉ	ʉː	u	uː
Mid	e	eː	ø	øː	(ə)		ɔ	ɔː
Open					a	aː

• The close vowels /i, iː, y, yː, ʉ, ʉː, u, uː/ are rather lax (near-close) [ɪ, ɪː, ʏ, ʏː, ʉ̞, ʉ̞ː, ʊ, ʊː].[7]
• The unrounded–rounded pairs /i–y, iː–yː, e–ø, eː–øː/ have a very similar backness, and differ mainly by rounding.[7]
• /e, eː, ø, øː, ə/ are mid [e̞, e̞ː, ø̞, ø̞ː, ə], whereas /ɔ, ɔː/ are open-mid [ɔ, ɔː].[7]
• /a, aː/ are near-open; the long vowel is central [ɐː], whereas the short vowel is somewhat more front [æ̠].[7]

Diphthong phonemes of
Sandnes-mål[3]

Starting point	Ending point
	Front		Central
	unrounded	rounded	rounded
Mid	ei	øy	øʉ

• The components of the diphthongs are phonetically close to the short vowels transcribed with the same symbols, so that /ei/ is phonetically more or less [e̞ɪ], whereas /øy/ and /øʉ/ are phonetically more or less, respectively, [ø̞ʏ] and [ø̞ʉ̞].[3]

References

1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Older Runic". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-11-13. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
2. Ims (2010).
3. Ims (2010), p. 15.
4. Ims (2010), p. 17.
5. Ims (2010), p. 12.
6. Ims (2010), pp. 13–14.
7. Ims (2010), p. 14.

Bibliography

• Ims, Charlotte Sol (2010). Sandnes i skyggen av Stavanger - en sociolingvistisk undersøkelse av Sandnes-mål med utgangspunkt i utvalgte språklige variabler (PDF) (Master's thesis). Adger: Universitetet i Adger. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2015.

Further reading

• Mimura, Tatsuyuki, Prosody of the Compounds in the Sandnes Dialect of Norwegian: A Descriptive Study (PDF), Kogakuin University
• Mimura, Tatsuyuki (2010a), Noruwee-go Sandnes-hoogen no aruhwabetto-kasiramoji-go no on'in-ron. [Phonology of the initialisms in the Sandnes dialect of Norwegian.] (in Japanese)
• Mimura, Tatsuyuki (2010b), Noruwee-go Sandnes-hoogen no hukugoo-go akusento-kisoku [On the compound accent rules of the Sandnes dialect of Norwegian] (in Japanese), pp. 182–187

External links

• "dialekter i Rogaland – Store norske leksikon". Retrieved 4 August 2015.