Rei II

"Rei II"
Neon Genesis Evangelion episode
Rei Ayanami with the Moon before the beginning of Yashima Operation.
Episode no.Episode 6
Directed byHiroyuki Ishido
Written byHideaki Anno, Akio Satsukawa
Original air dateNovember 8, 1995 (1995-11-08)
Running time22 minutes
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Rei I" 		Next →
"A Human Work"
List of episodes

"Rei II", also known by the Japanese title "Showdown in Tokyo-3",[a] is the sixth episode of the anime Neon Genesis Evangelion, which was created by Gainax. "Rei II" was written by Hideaki Anno and Akio Satsukawa and directed by Hiroyuki Ishido. The series is set fifteen years after a worldwide cataclysm named Second Impact, and is mostly set in the futuristic, fortified fictional city of Tokyo-3. The episode's protagonist is teenage boy Shinji Ikari, who is recruited by his father Gendo to the organization Nerv to pilot a bio-machine mecha named Evangelion against beings called Angels. In the episode, Shinji must annihilate the fifth Angel Ramiel, who is able to destroy every enemy in its vicinity with an accelerated particles cannon. A plan called Operation Yashima is worked out, which involves Shinji shooting Ramiel from a distance with a Positron Rifle.

Production of the sixth episode took place simultaneously with the fifth, "Rei I", before the third, "A Transfer" and the fourth, "Hedgehog's Dilemma". The final scene, in which female pilot Rei Ayanami smiles at Shinji, has been described by staff and critics as the end of Evangelion's grand narrative. "Rei II" first aired on TV Tokyo on November 8, 1995, and scored a 7.7% rating audience share on Japanese TV. The episode was positively received by critics, who praised the interpretation of the Japanese voice actors, the deepening of the relationship between Shinji and Rei, and the realism of Operation Yashima. The Operation entered Japanese popular culture, being referenced on other shows. Merchandise based on the episode was also released.

Plot

Shinji Ikari, the pilot of the giant mecha Evangelion, is attacked and damaged by Ramiel, the fifth of a series of enemies known as Angels. His Evangelion Unit-01 is recovered and Shinji is rescued and hospitalized. The Angel then settles over the headquarters of the special agency Nerv and began to drill the land to reach it, destroying every enemy that approaches with a particle cannon. While Shinji is recovering, Nerv's Major, Misato Katsuragi, comes up with a plan named Operation Yashima: to destroy Ramiel with a positron beam rifle, fired from outside Ramiel's attack zone. For the plan, the rifle must be able to withstand a high amount of electric energy, and is determined that it needs power from the whole of Japan.

While the countdown for the shooting is starting, Ramiel starts to charge to attack the Evangelion and shoots toward it, simultaneously with the Evangelion's rifle's shot, resulting in the collision of the two beams and the shots miss. Ramiel charges up for a second attack, which it can fire at Shinji before he can prepare his positron rifle for a second shot. Rei Ayanami in Evangelion Unit-00 steps in and shields Unit-01 from Ramiel's beam, but both the shield and Unit-00 sustain severe damage in the process. Shinji fires his second shot, which pierces the Angel and kills it, stopping the drill. Shinji force ejects Unit-00's cockpit and opens the hatch. Rei is unharmed and unfazed. Shinji cries and Rei says she doesn't know what to feel; Shinji advises her to smile, and Rei smiles.

Production

Neon Genesis Evangelion director Hideaki Anno

In 1993 Gainax produced a presentation document of Neon Genesis Evangelion named New Century Evangelion (tentative name) Proposal (新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (仮) 企画書, Shinseiki Evangelion (kari) kikakusho).[1][2] The Proposal document was then published in 1994.[3][4] In the first draft, the basic plot for the sixth episode was already planned and the Japanese title "Showdown in Tokyo-3" was decided.[5] "The Eva's revenge" was also planned to take place in the installment.[6][7] Neon Genesis Evangelion's director Hideaki Anno[8][9] and Akio Satsukawa[10][11] wrote "Rei II", while Masayuki drew the storyboards.[12] Hiroyuki Ishido served as director,[13] Nobuhiro Hosoi as chief animator,[14] and Rei Yumeno as assistant character designer.[15]

Anno felt stuck after writing the script for the first episode, "Angel Attack", which took half a year to complete, so he wrote "Rei I" and "Rei II" before the third and the fourth episodes.[16][17] For production reasons, the post-recording dubbing followed the same order.[18] He encountered difficulties while writing for Rei, not feeling "particularly interested" or relating to her, but he thought of her as a representation of his unconscious mind[11] and shaped the character with the phrase "You won't die, I will protect you". At the end of the episode he also inserted a scene where Rei smiles at Shinji, but he later regretted it, since Shinji and Rei manage to communicate with each other and establish emotional contact in the episode; according to Anno, the character of Rei thus reaches its conclusion smiling.[11][19]

Tomokazu Seki and Yuko Miyamura, original voice actors of the characters Toji Suzuhara and Asuka Langley Soryu in the show, voiced announcements audible in the background during Operation Yashima.

The episode was the first time two Evangelion units were portrayed at the same time, so they were intentionally represented with few movements, with the Eva-00 using only a shield and the Eva-01 motionless while shooting Ramiel, to save animation resources.[20] Ramiel's design, made by Anno himself,[21] was also conceived to save money. While Sachiel, the Angel from the first and second episodes, has a humanoid shape, Ramiel has a geometric abstract shape, because the staff did not have enough resources for an anthropomorphic enemy.[22] Moreover, according to series assistant director Kazuya Tsurumaki, "everything after the storyboard was ordered by another company", and Gainax had no control over it.[23] Yashima Operation was in fact delegated to Vega Entertainment.[24]

In "Rei II", captions were used to create a documentary feel, a technique Anno previously used in Gunbuster.[15] The installment also depicts real existing places during the preparations for Operation Yashima, such as Mount Futago,[25][26][27] Makurazaki,[28] Betsukai,[29] Ube[30] and Mitaka Ward of Tokyo,[31] the birthplace of Anno and the place of the headquarters of Gainax, respectively.[32] A map of Japan is framed during the operation, drawn with differences from actuality. Since Second Impact raised the sea level in the Evangelion universe, the smaller islands are difficult to trace on the map, while the main islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, and Kyushu have different shapes.[33] Megumi Hayashibara, Rei's voice actress, performed the voice of an anonymous woman making time announcements during the process; Tetsuya Iwanaga and Tomokazu Seki voiced as Nerv operators, while Yuko Miyamura voiced a female announcer.[34][35] A version of Fly Me to the Moon named "Rei #6" sung by Hayashibara[36][37] was also used for the ending theme of the episode.[33][38]

Cultural references

For the name of Operation Yashima, the staff took inspiration from the Battle of Yashima in 1185. Characters throughout the episodes also make use of the ticker tape, a gimmick compared to the works of director Kihachi Okamoto.

According to Yūichirō Oguro, an editor of some Japanese home video editions of Evangelion, the Japanese title "Showdown in Tokyo-3" is a possible reference to the sixth episode of Return of Ultraman, "Showdown! Monsters vs. MAT". Like "Rei II", "Showdown! Monsters vs. MAT" contains a large-scale operation. Oguro noted that ticker tape is also used during the episode, similarly to Anno's previous works Gunbuster and Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water. He compared the use of ticker tape to the works by director Kihachi Okamoto.[20] Critics also speculated that Ramiel's design was influenced by Mirai Keisatsu Urashiman[21] and 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968).[39][40]

The name of Operation Yashima originates from the Battle of Yashima,[41][42] fought in 1185, during the Genpei War.[43][44] According to a legend, the samurai warrior Nasu no Yoichi riding his horse shot an arrow through the water and hit the red fan of his enemy Tamamushi, resolving the battle in favor of the Minamoto clan.[20][30] In Neon Genesis Evangelion Ramiel is similarly centered and beaten by a precise shot fired from a position located across the waters of Lake Ashi, Mount Futago. A different spelling of the term yashima (八島) can be translated as "eight countries", an ancient epithet of Japan, a reference to the Positron Rifle's electrical energy, taken from the entire Japanese archipelago.[45] The naming is the result of a specific request from the series' director, Hideaki Anno, who asked to include something related to the name Yashima during the production.[46]

In "Rei II" scientific concepts are used as well. During Operation Yashima, for example, Eva-00 uses a SSTO as a shield,[47] while Eva-01 uses the Positron Sniper Rifle as a firearm,[48][49] which draws its power from positron acceleration,[50] generating a bright beam of photons.[51] The expression "phase transition space" is mentioned. The book Evangelion Glossary (エヴァンゲリオン用語事典, Evangerion Yougo Jiten) by Yahata Shoten linked the espression to the phase change and the cosmological phase transition.[52] The Magi System, a biological supercomputer composed of three computers that rule Nerv and Tokyo-3, is also mentioned for the first time in the episode. The Magi System is a democratic and rational system similar to the concept of artificial intelligence.[53] Its name originates from the Biblical Magi who came from the East mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew,[54][55] traditionally named Balthasar,[56] Gaspar,[57] and Melchior.[58] According to the official Evangelion film books, like the three astrologers from whom it takes its name, the supercomputer is composed of three independent calculators that to solve any kind of problem consult each other and make a decision by majority.[59] Writers Víctor Sellés de Lucas and Manuel Hernández-Pérez similarly wrote that, as later Christian traditional identified Magi as astrologers and scholars, the Magi System "operates as a council of the wise and sometimes even as an oracle of sorts".[60]

Themes

Symbolist painting depicting a red-haired woman on a boat
Oil painting with a woman with a white, blue and golden veil surrounded by clouds and baroque cherubs
Oil painting depicting a woman with a child, surrounded by three richly decorated men on the left and another man in a manger on the top
Rei's atittudine has been compared to the fragile and chaste women portrayed in fin de siècle art, while her image with the Moon in the background has led critics to link her to the Christian figure of the Virgin Mary. Biblical Magi are also referenced in the episode.

"Rei II" depicts the inner world of Rei Ayanami, focus of the episode.[61] Neon Genesis Evangelion's assistant director Kazuya Tsurumaki pointed out how "distant, awkward communication" can be initially observed between Shinji and Rei in the first episodes, describing Evangelion as a story about communication.[62] In "Rei I" and "Rei II" Ayanami is initially cold towards Shinji, who tries to communicate with her but is rejected. At the end of the episode, Shinji saves her in a similar way to how his father Gendo did in the previous episode. Shinji bursts into tears, and Rei says she doesn't know what to do at times like that; Shinji advises her to smile. Rei overlays Shinji's and Gendo's faces and smiles,[63] and it is not clear if she is able to understand Shinji's feelings in the scene.[64][65] For critic Manabu Tsuribe, the show reaches its climax at the smile scene, and "as a story of 'growth and independence of a boy'—like a Bildungsroman—ended there once. Evangelion as a story has stopped there".[66] Assistant director Masayuki gave a similar interpretation.[67]

Evangelion Chronicle magazine noted how the tactical realism of Operation Yashima was a rarity for anime at the time. The magazine linked the realism of the strategy to the Gulf War, the images of which had a high resonance in the Japanese and world media; following the conflict from the 1990s onwards, there was an increased focus on the war realism of the fighting in TV shows.[68] In the scene before the beginning of Yashima Operation, Shinji asks Rei the reason that pushes her to want to pilot Evangelion 00; Rei replies saying that she has nothing else[69][70] and she finds her "bond" with other people in this.[71] For sociologist Satomi Ishikawa, this shows that she is committed to the struggle against the Angels "as if it were the only reason why she exists".[72]

Writer Dennis Redmond noted that Rei is silhouetted against a close-up of the full Moon before Yashima Operation.[73] Writer Yumiko Yano noted that the Moon is a celestial body associated with passivity and femininity and observed an unattainable aura in Rei, comparing her to the Virgin Mary.[74] Yano also associated her figure with the fragile and chaste women portrayed in fin de siècle art, particularly popular among the works of Symbolists painters.[75] For Redmond, "Rei II" illustrates the Japanese national power grid via a satellite shot of Japan from outer space; he also compared the social and natural landscapes of Evangelion to that of postwar Japan.[76] For reviewer Akio Nagatomi, Rei's attitude in the episode also reflects one of the traits of traditional Japanese society, the martyr complex, in which a person will do whatever it takes to accomplish a given task, regardless of personal consequences.[77]

Reception

Whenever Evangelion utilizes the idea of countdowns or final solutions, the drama amps up to another level. "Rei II" utilizes this idea to the fullest, making us believe that this is truly a do or die situation. This episode is heavy on action and drama making it one of the more exciting episodes in the series' run.

–Max Covill (Film School Rejects)[78]

"Rei II" was first broadcast on November 8, 1995, and scored a 7.7% rating of audience share on Japanese TV, the highest up to that point.[79] According to Junichi Sato, after the episode's broadcast Evangelion and Rei Ayanami enjoyed high sales in the Japanese market of fan-made comics, known as doujinshi.[67] In 1996, the episode ranked fourth among Animage's list of "Best Anime Episodes".[80] In February 1996, Animedia magazine ranked Rei's smile scene among the most memorable anime moments of the month.[81] TV Asahi later published a ranking of the most significant scenes in the history of animation; the scene where "Rei Ayanami smiles at Shinji for the first time" managed to reach 14th position.[82] Rei's smile also appeared in another ranking of the broadcaster, winning 45th place.[83]

Anime female character with red eyes and blue hair smiling
Rei Ayanami's smile at the end of the episode was described by director Hideaki Anno as the end of the character and by critics as the end of Evangelion as grand narrative. The scene attracted positive comments by anime reviewers.

"Rei II" received a positive reception from critics and reviewers.[78][84] Anime magazine Newtype praised "Rei II", describing the scene where Rei greets Shinji before the battle against the Angel Ramiel as "impressive".[85][86] The Artifice's Justin Wu also praised the scene of Rei's smile, describing it as a "powerful" and "iconic moment", since it is "the first time she has deliberately shown an emotion, and one of the handful of times she has done so throughout the whole series".[87] Merumo described it as a "touching" moment.[88] According to writer Dennis Redmond, Rei's smile is one of many "extraordinary moments" in the series where battles "artfully embellish, rather than overwhelm, the subtlest of character interaction".[73] Ramiel was particularly well received by fans, being considered one of Evangelion's best enemies,[89] while Operation Yashima became one of the most popular fights in the series.[90] In July 2020, Comic Book Resources reported an 8.3/10 rating on IMDb for the installment, ranking it ninth among the highest-rated Evangelion episodes.[91]

Comic Book Resources' Devin Meenan praised Rei's smile scene as "one of the most touching moments" of Neon Genesis Evangelion.[92] Film School Rejects's Max Covill similarly described "Rei II" as "one of the more exciting episodes in the series' run",[78] praising a shot depicting the dark silhouettes of Misato, Shinji, and Rei for the usage of negative space and hard lines.[93] The Animé Café's Akio Nagatomi praised the parallels between "Rei I" and "Rei II" as "interesting", the acting of voice actresses Megumi Ogata as Shinji Ikari and Mitsuishi Kotono as Misato Katsuragi and Rei's reaction towards Shinji: "Even though the outcome is entirely predictable, it's fairly well written".[77] Comic Book Resources and Screen Rant listed the battle against Ramiel among the best Neon Genesis Evangelion fights.[94][95]

SyFy Wire's Daniel Dockery listed Operation Yashima as one of the "most awesome non-depressing" moments in the show.[96] Animator Yūichirō Oguro eulogized the sense of sci-fi romance as Japan's lights go out and the archipelago goes completely dark.[20] Dennis Redmond similarly lauded the shots of the sequence of Tokyo-3 going dark as "magnificent" and the "brilliant sequence of frames" shown during Shinji and Rei's conversation,[97] while Multiversity Comics' Matthew Garcia positively commented on the use of traditional animation for the Operation Yashima.[98] For Kotaku's editor Peter Tieryas the episode "epitomized what makes the series so mesmerising"; he also praised the tactical element to the battle and its realism.[99]

Legacy

The episode inspired official merchandise,[100] including a line of official T-shirts.[101][102] In 1996, an Evangelion-inspired role-playing game entitled Neon Genesis Evangelion RPG Decisive Battle in Tokyo-3 (新世紀エヴァンゲリオンRPG 決戦!第3新東京市, Shin Seiki Evangerion RPG Kessen, Daisan shin Tokyo-shi) was released.[103][104] Operation Yashima was later used for the movie Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone (2007) and a pachinko named CR Shinseiki Evangelion: Saigo no shisha (CR新世紀エヴァンゲリオン ～最後のシ者～, "CR Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Last Messenger"), released in Japan in April 2009.[105] It also inspired official merchandise,[106][107][108] including model railways,[109][110] clothing,[111][112] keychains,[113] action figures,[114] tenugui,[115] notebooks,[116] sculptures,[117] food[118] and watches.[119]

After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Tokyo Electric Power Company invited Japanese people to conserve electricity, and an unofficial campaign begun under the name "Operation Yashima" (Yashima Sakusen) on Twitter.[120][121] The Twitter hashtag #yashimasakusen110312 went viral,[122] while #84MA (pronounced Yashima) reached about 50,000 tweets in two days.[123] According to The Anime Encyclopedia, with the real Yashima Operation Evangelion became part of the mass media; its writers Jonathan Clements and Helen McCarthy noted that the franchise was probably at the high point of its 21st-century popularity at the time, having reached a wide audience in Japan.[124] In 2019, the Yashima Operation also inspired a "Nerv" disaster app after Typhoon Faxai hit the Kantō region.[125] In 2020, an event dedicated to Yashima Operation was announced in the city of Hakone, the area where the fictional city of Tokyo-3 is imaginatively located;[126][127] new merchandise articles on the series were also announced.[128] During the event, organized on two dates (March 28 and May 23), a live performance of "Cruel Angel's Thesis"'s singer Yoko Takahashi was planned, but the dates were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[129] In 2021, the Governor of Tokyo Yuriko Koike asked the city to turn off lights after 8 pm to discourage going out at night and fight Coronavirus. The media associated her request with Operation Yashima, ushering in another Twitter trend.[130]

The creators of the video game Genshin Impact drew inspiration from Ramiel's design for the conception of some life forms called Hypostasis.[131] The website Final Fantasy Dream compared Sister Ray, a weapon that appeared in Final Fantasy VII, to the Positron Rifle used by Shinji during the Yashima Operation.[132] British band Fightstar published a song named "Shinji Ikari", which contains the line "I grow old after one shot", which Japanese website Anibu described as a possible reference to "Rei II".[133] The Nippon Professional Baseball team Hanshin Tigers used the OST "Decisive Battle" during the matches after Operation Yashima, a choice that attracted attention in the Japanese media.[134] The same OST was used in the third episode of the Japanese TV series Rikokatsu.[135] Rei's line "You won't die, because I'll protect you" is also parodied in a Nisemonogatari episode.[136]

References

  1. ^ Japanese: 決戦、第三新東京市, Hepburn: Kessen, Daisan Shin Tokyo-shi

Citations

  1. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Sony Magazines. p. 26.
  2. ^ Nebbia (2023), Chap. 2: La Proposition
  3. ^ Nebbia (2023), Chap. 1: Lancement du Project Eva
  4. ^ "History 1993-1999". Neon Genesis Evangelion Blue Ray Ultimate Edition Encyclopedia. 2021.
  5. ^ Gainax (1998). Neon Genesis Evangelion Newtype 100% Collection (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 88. ISBN 4-04-852700-2.
  6. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Theatralical VHS Box Booklet (in Japanese). King Amusement Creative. 1997.
  7. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 18. Sony Magazines. p. 25.
  8. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 1.
  9. ^ Gainax (1998). Neon Genesis Evangelion Newtype 100% Collection (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 178. ISBN 4-04-852700-2.
  10. ^ "薩川昭夫インタビュー". QuickJapan (in Japanese). 17. Ohta Publishing. December 1997. ISBN 4872333632.
  11. ^ a b c Nebbia (2023), Chap. 1: Production et catastrophes
  12. ^ Porori 2009, p. 70.
  13. ^ "Staff". Neon Genesis Evangelion Blue Ray Ultimate Edition Encyclopedia. 2021.
  14. ^ Gainax, ed. (2003). Data of Evangelion (in Japanese). Gainax. p. 21.
  15. ^ a b Platinum Booklet. Vol. 2. ADV.
  16. ^ "庵野秀明 – Part II". Shinseiki Evangerion Zankoku na tenshi no yō ni 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン残酷な天使のように [Neon Genesis Evangelion Like a Cruel Angel] (in Japanese). Magazine Magazine. 1997. ISBN 4-906011-25-X.
  17. ^ あんた、バカぁと、言われてみたい。（庵野秀明、宮村優子）. Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. July 1996.
  18. ^ Oguro, Yūichirō. "Dai sanjûyonkai Eva zakki "Dai ichi-banashi Shito, Shūrai"" 第34回 エヴァ雑記「第壱話 使徒、襲来」 [34th Eva miscellaneous notes "First Episode Apostle, Invasion"] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on December 25, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  19. ^ Takekuma, Kentaro (1997). Anno Hideaki Parano Evangerion (in Japanese). Ōta Shuppan. pp. 93–96. ISBN 4-87233-316-0.
  20. ^ a b c d Oguro, Yūichirō. "第39回 エヴァ雑記「第六話 決戦、第3新東京市」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  21. ^ a b Nebbia (2023), Chap. 2: Les Anges
  22. ^ Anno, Hideaki; Izubuchi, Yutaka (28 February 2012). "Special Talk: Yutaka Izubuchi × Hideaki Anno". Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  23. ^ "鶴巻 和哉 interview". Evangerion Shin Gekijoban: Jo Zen kirokuzenshū ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版：序 全記録全集 [Evangelion 1.0: You Are (Not) Alone Complete Records Collection] (in Japanese).
  24. ^ Nebbia (2023), Chap. 1: Reconstruire Evangelion
  25. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 29. Sony Magazines. p. 30.
  26. ^ "Hakone hokan mappu o tsukatte 'Evangerion' no machi dai san shintōkyōshi no butai tanbō ni chōsen zenpen" 箱根補完マップを使って「エヴァンゲリオン」の街・第3新東京市の舞台探訪に挑戦 前編 [We challenge you to explore the stage of the city of "Evangelion", the Third New Tokyo City, using the Hakone Complementary Map! Part 1]. Gigazine.net (in Japanese). Gigazine. 5 June 2009. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  27. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 141.
  28. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 39.
  29. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 150.
  30. ^ a b Glossary 1998, p. 160.
  31. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 46.
  32. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 34.
  33. ^ a b Cannarsi 1998, pp. 27–28.
  34. ^ Eva Tomo no Kai エヴァ友の会 [Eva Fan Club] (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Gainax. 1996.
  35. ^ Gainax, ed. (2003). Data of Evangelion (in Japanese). Gainax. p. 62.
  36. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 26. Sony Magazines. p. 26.
  37. ^ "Fly Me to the Moon". Neon Genesis Evangelion: Platinum Edition Booklet. Vol. 4. ADV.
  38. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Laserdisc Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Vol. 3. 1996.
  39. ^ Loveridge, Lynzee (15 June 2019). "Get to Know Seven of Evangelion's Angels". Animenewsnetwork.com. Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  40. ^ Morikawa 1997, p. 35.
  41. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 5.
  42. ^ "Episode:6 Rei II". Neon Genesis Evangelion Blue Ray Ultimate Edition Encyclopedia. 2021.
  43. ^ Poggio, Alessandra (2008). Neon Genesis Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Dynit. p. 21.
  44. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 59.
  45. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 25.
  46. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 5. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 24.
  47. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 29.
  48. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 4.
  49. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 149.
  50. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 61.
  51. ^ Cannarsi 1998, pp. 10–11.
  52. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 92.
  53. ^ Poggio, Alessandra (2008). Neon Genesis Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Dynit. p. 48.
  54. ^ Fujie & Foster 2004, pp. 59–60.
  55. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 27. Sony Magazines. p. 21.
  56. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 133.
  57. ^ Glossary 1998, pp. 39–40.
  58. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 158.
  59. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 4. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 10.
  60. ^ Sellés de Lucas & Hernández-Pérez 2024, p. 231.
  61. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 7.
  62. ^ Gainax, ed. (1997). "Kazuya Tsurumaki Interview". Neon Genesis Evangelion: The End of Evangelion Pamphlet (in Japanese).
  63. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 11.
  64. ^ Cannarsi 1998, pp. 35–36.
  65. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 66.
  66. ^ Tsuribe, Manabu (February 1999). "Prison of Self-Consciousness: an Essay on Evangelion". www001.upp.so-net.ne.jp. Archived from the original on July 21, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  67. ^ a b Kentaro, Takekuma (1997). "綾波レイの微笑み". Anno Hideaki Parano Evangerion 庵野秀明 パラノ・エヴァンゲリオン [Paranoid Evangelion Hideaki Anno] (in Japanese). Ōta Shuppan. pp. 161–163. ISBN 4-87233-316-0.
  68. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 12.
  69. ^ Newtype Complete Shinseiki Evangerion Newtype Complete 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン [Newtype Complete Neon Genesis Evangelion] (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 2005. p. 34.
  70. ^ "謎の深淵". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. February 1996. p. 16.
  71. ^ Glossary 1998, p. 44.
  72. ^ Ishikawa, Satomi (2007). Seeking the Self: Individualism and Popular Culture in Japan. Peter Lang. p. 75. ISBN 978-3-03910-874-9.
  73. ^ a b Redmond 2004, p. 136.
  74. ^ Morikawa 1997, p. 98.
  75. ^ Morikawa 1997, pp. 101–102.
  76. ^ Redmond 2004, p. 133.
  77. ^ a b Nagatomi, Akio. "Shinseiki Evangelion Review Pages – Episode 6". Abcb.com. The Animé Café. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  78. ^ a b c Covill, Max (17 June 2019). "Every Episode of 'Neon Genesis Evangelion' Ranked". Filmschoolrejects.com. Film School Rejects. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  79. ^ "Anime Land". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. February 1996. p. 66.
  80. ^ "第18回アニメグランプリ［1996年5月号］". Tokuma Shoten. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010.
  81. ^ "Kongetsu no naba" 今月の名場 [Best of the month]. Animedia (in Japanese). February 1996.
  82. ^ "Namida to kandō no anime saikyō-mei bamen besuto hyaku" 涙と感動のアニメ最強名場面ベスト100 [The Best 100 Best Scenes in Anime with Tears and Emotions] (in Japanese). TV Asahi. Archived from the original on 10 October 2004. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  83. ^ "Shijō saikyō no TV-mei bamen besuto 100 ~ mōichido mitai!" 史上最強のTV名場面ベスト100 ～もう一度見たい！ [The Best 100 Greatest TV Scenes of All Time – We want to see them again!] (in Japanese). TV Asahi. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  84. ^ Cunningham, Joel (8 March 2002). "Neon Genesis Evangelion Collection 0:2 (1995)". Digitallyobsessed.com. Digitally Obsessed!. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  85. ^ Newtype Complete Shinseiki Evangerion Newtype Complete 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン [Newtype Complete Neon Genesis Evangelion] (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 2005. pp. 24–25.
  86. ^ "気になる、彼女". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. December 1995. pp. 6–7.
  87. ^ Justin Wu (11 July 2013). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Legacy of Rei Ayanami". The Artifice. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  88. ^ ""Evangelion" de shūitsuna sabutaitoru to ieba? Dai san-i wa 'Semete, ningenrashiku' dai ichi-i wa yappari..." 『エヴァンゲリオン』で秀逸なサブタイトルといえば？第3位は「せめて、人間らしく」第1位はやっぱり... [What is the best subtitle in "Evangelion"? The third place is "At Least, Be Human" and the first place is...]. News.merumo.ne.jp (in Japanese). Merumo. 11 April 2021. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  89. ^ Beach, Adam (8 May 2021). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: The 10 Best Angel Designs In The Series, Ranked". Screenrant.com. Screen Rant. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  90. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 9.
  91. ^ Fois, Daniello (21 July 2020). "Top 10 Episodes Of Neon Genesis Evangelion, According To IMDb". Cbr.com. Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  92. ^ Devin Meenan (8 January 2022). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: The 5 Darkest Episodes (& 5 Lightest)". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  93. ^ Covill, Max (19 June 2019). "The Perfect Shots of 'Neon Genesis Evangelion'". Filmschoolrejects.com. Film School Rejects. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  94. ^ Aravind, Ajay (28 December 2020). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: 10 Best Fights In The Anime, Ranked". Cbr.com. Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  95. ^ Cameron, Jack (7 July 2019). "Every Battle in Neon Genesis Evangelion Ranked". Screenrant.com. Screen Rant. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  96. ^ Dockery, Daniel (June 23, 2019). "The 10 most awesome (non-depressing) moments In Neon Genesis Evangelion". Syfy.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  97. ^ Redmond 2004, p. 135.
  98. ^ Matthew Garcia (27 June 2021). "Five Thoughts on Neon Genesis Evangelion's "Rei, Beyond the Heart" and "Showdown in Tokyo-3"". Multiversity Comics. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  99. ^ Tieryas, Peter (24 June 2019). "Neon Genesis Evangelion Is About The Cost And Trauma Of Existence". Kotaku Australia. Kotaku. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  100. ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. p. 125. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
  101. ^ "Shinseiki Evangerion sabutaitorubiggu tīshatsu/ 'dai roku-wa kessen, dai san shintōkyōshi'" 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン サブタイトルビッグTシャツ/ 「第六話 決戦、第3新東京市」 [Neon Genesis Evangelion Subtitle Big T-Shirt/ "Episode 6 Showdown in Tokyo-3"]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  102. ^ "新世紀エヴァンゲリオン 全話Tシャツ 「第六話 決戦、第3新東京市」". Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  103. ^ "Shinseiki Evangerion RPG magiusu shirīzu kessen! Dai 3 shintōkyōshi" 新世紀エヴァンゲリオンRPG MAGIUSシリーズ 決戦！第3新東京市 [Neon Genessi Evangelion RPG MAGIUS Series Showdown in Tokyo-3]. Kadokawa.co.jp (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  104. ^ 日本著者名総目録 95/96: 団体著者名 (in Japanese). 日外アソシエーツ(紀伊國屋書店). 1997. p. 444. ISBN 9784816914157. 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン RPG 一決戦!第 3 新東京市泥士朗, 実験室著富士見書房 1996
  105. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 31. Sony Magazines. pp. 21–24.
  106. ^ "[Gentei-hin] EVA – FRAME: Evangerion shin gekijō-ban Yashima sakusen setto (Bandai) [o todoke yotei: 2021-Nen 2 tsuki]" 【限定品】EVA-FRAME:ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版ヤシマ作戦セット（バンダイ）[お届け予定：2021年2月] [[Limited Edition] EVA-FRAME: Evangelion New Theatrical Version Yashima Operation Set (Bandai) [Delivery Schedule: February 2021]]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  107. ^ "Desukutoppuāmī Evangerion korabo/ Ayanami Rei& Evangerion reigōki (aratame) [o todoke yotei: 2021-Nen 6 tsuki gejun]" デスクトップアーミー エヴァンゲリオンコラボ/綾波レイ＆エヴァンゲリオン零号機(改)[お届け予定：2021年6月下旬] [Desktop Army Evangelion Collaboration / Rei Ayanami & Evangelion Unit 0 (Revised) [Delivery Schedule: Late June 2021]]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  108. ^ E-Mono (in Japanese). Gainax. 1997. p. 112. ISBN 4-04-852868-8.
  109. ^ "1/ 220 Z gēji shiki 880 katachi ōmono-sha B 2 hari chō kōatsu tsūjō hen'atsuki yusō (rokuhan)" 1/220 Zゲージ シキ880形 大物車 B2梁 超高圧通常変圧器輸送（ロクハン） [1/220 Z Gauge Siki 880 Type Large Car B2 Beam Ultra High Voltage Normal Transformer Transport (Rokuhan)]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  110. ^ "1/ 220 Z gēji nerufu sen'yō tetsudō shimofutagoyama shisen 'Yashima sakusen' DD 51& shiki 880 2 ryō setto (rokuhan)" 1/220 Zゲージ ネルフ専用鉄道下二子山支線「ヤシマ作戦」DD51＆シキ880 2両セット（ロクハン） [1/220 Z-Gauge NERV Dedicated Railroad Shimo-Nikoyama Branch Line "Operation Yakushima" DD51 & Siki 880 2-Car Set (Rokuhan)]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  111. ^ ""tk. feat EVANGELION" shin gekijō-ban: tsuide Yashima sakusen purintoshatsu" 【tk. feat EVANGELION】新劇場版：序 ヤシマ作戦プリントシャツ [[Tk. Feat EVANGELION] New Theatrical Version: Introduction Operation Yashima Print Shirt]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  112. ^ "★EVASTORE★ステッカーがあたる！RADIO EVA新作Tシャツ登場！2020-OFFICIALロゴグッズやバトルフィールズゲーミングトイ新ラインアップ！" (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. May 2020. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  113. ^ "Evangerion shin gekijō-ban kīhorudā& sutekkāsetto (A) Yashima sakusen (mūbikku)" ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版キーホルダー＆ステッカーセット （A）ヤシマ作戦（ムービック） [Evangelion New Theatrical Version Keychain & Sticker Set (A) Operation Yashima (Movic)]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  114. ^ "『エヴァンゲリオン新劇場版』初号機"ヤシマ作戦"、『新世紀エヴァンゲリオン』零号機/初号機/弐号機、量産機"襲撃"、『マシーネンクリーガー』カングール（2機セット）＆整備兵などが展示！【2024第62回全日本模型ホビーショー速報レポート】海洋堂" (in Japanese). Dengeki Hobby Web. 11 October 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  115. ^ "RumiRockxEVAte nugui Yashima sakusen" RumiRockxEVA てぬぐい ヤシマ作戦 [RumiRockxEVA Tenugui Operation Yashima]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  116. ^ "Evangerion shin gekijō-ban nōto 3 tensetto [yōkoso nerufu Kō/ jinrui hokan keikaku/ Yashima sakusen] (mūbikku)" ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版 ノート3点セット【ようこそNERV江/人類補完計画/ヤシマ作戦】（ムービック） [Evangelion New Theatrical Version Note 3-piece set [Welcome NERV Jiang / Human Complementary Plan / Operation Yashima] (Movic)]. Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  117. ^ "Kaiyō-dō ga tsukuru Eva no sekai 'Yashima sakusen' zōkei-shi ga saigen" 海洋堂が作るエヴァの世界 「ヤシマ作戦」造形師が再現 [Kaiyodo's Eva World: "Operation Yakushima" recreated by a sculptor]. Asahi.com (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  118. ^ "Yashima sakusen mo migoto ni saigen? Hakone ni gentei 'Evangerion ranchi' tōjō" ヤシマ作戦も見事に再現？箱根に限定「エヴァンゲリヲンランチ」登場 [Operation Yakushima reappears in all its glory? Limited edition "Evangelion Lunch" appears in Hakone]. Hatenanews.com (in Japanese). Hatena News. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  119. ^ "FES Watch U EVANGELION MODEL/GRAY（SONY）". Evastore.jp (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  120. ^ Loo, Egan (12 March 2011). "Evangelion Inspires Real Operation Yashima After Quake". Animenewsnetwork.com. Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  121. ^ Hamano, Satoshi (21 April 2011). "Tweeting 'slacktivists' could create true social change". Asahi.com. The Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 25 April 2011.
  122. ^ "Setsuden tettei e 'Yashima sakusen' sandō-sha ga tsuittā de hirogaru" 節電徹底へ「ヤシマ作戦」賛同者がTwitterで広がる [Supporters of "Operation Yakushima" ppread on Twitter to ensure power saving]. Itmedia.co.jp (in Japanese). ITmedia. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  123. ^ "Netto de wadai no" sakusen"-mei "Operation Tomodachi (tomodachi sakusen) " to "Yashima sakusen" to wa?" ネットで話題の"作戦"名『Operation Tomodachi（友達作戦）』と『ヤシマ作戦』とは？ [What are the names of the much-talked-about "operations" on the Internet, "Operation Tomodachi" and "Operation Yakushima"?]. Getnews.jp (in Japanese). GetNews. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  124. ^ Clements, Jonathan; McCarthy, Helen (2015). "Neon Genesis Evangelion". The Anime Encyclopedia, 3rd Revised Edition - A Century of Japanese Animation. Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1-61172-018-1.
  125. ^ "A Look at the New "Nerv" Disaster App". Nippon.com. Nippon. 10 October 2019. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  126. ^ "Ashinoko ni hibiki watare Eva shudaika 'Zankoku na tenshi no tēze' takahashi yōko kojō raibu" 芦ノ湖に響き渡れ エヴァ主題歌「残酷な天使のテーゼ」 高橋洋子湖上ライブ [Eva theme song "Cruel Angel's Thesis" Yoko Takahashi Live on Lake Ashi] (in Japanese). 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  127. ^ "Hakone sans-façon vol.Special Edition – Evangelion EN Il". 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  128. ^ "Evangerion × Hakone 2020 (kōshiki)" エヴァンゲリオン×箱根 2020（公式） [Evangelion x Hakone 2020 (Official)] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  129. ^ "Yoko Takahashi's Special Concert on Ashino-ko". Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  130. ^ "Eva Yashima sakusen' ga genjitsu ni? Koike tochiji 'shōtō yōsei' de torendo-iri, sono ruiji-sei to wa" エヴァ「ヤシマ作戦」が現実に？ 小池都知事「消灯要請」でトレンド入り、その類似性とは [Eva "Operation Yashima" is a reality? Governor Koike entered the trend with "request to turn off lights", and what is the similarity?]. J-cast.com (in Japanese). J Cast. 23 April 2021. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  131. ^ "Developer Insight - Period 1". Genshin.hoyoverse.com. 14 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  132. ^ "L'Impact d'Evangelion sur Final Fantasy VII". FFdream.com (in French). Final Fantasy VII. 28 March 2020. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  133. ^ "Jitsuwa kekkō aru! ? 'Evua' kyara e muketa uta" 実はけっこうある!?「エヴァ」キャラへ向けた歌！ [A song for "Eva" characters]. Anibu.jp (in Japanese). June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  134. ^ "[Hanshin] kōchō chīmu o moriageru 'Eva' no sonzai-kan Yano kantoku no 'Yashima sakusen' seikō ga shōri no kagi?" 【阪神】好調チームを盛り上げる「エヴァ」の存在感 矢野監督の「ヤシマ作戦」成功が勝利の鍵？ [The key to victory is the success of Manager Yano's "Yashima Operation"?] (in Japanese). Hochi News. 21 April 2021. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  135. ^ "< Rikokatsu > kitagawa keiko no" haha" miishi kotono no chakushin-on ga wadai 'Eva wmō Misato-sanmaikai narashite'" ＜リコカツ＞北川景子の"母"三石琴乃の着信音が話題 「エヴァw」「もうミサトさん」「毎回鳴らして」 [Keiko Kitagawa's "mother" Kotono Mitsuishi's ringtone is a hot topic: "Eva w" "Misato-san" "It rings every time"]. News.yahoo.co.jp (in Japanese). Yahoo!. 1 May 2021. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  136. ^ Delos Trinos, Angelo (16 September 2021). "10 Anime That Referenced Neon Genesis Evangelion". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.

Bibliography

  • Morikawa, Kaichiro (1997). The Evangelion Style (in Japanese). Daisan Shokan. ISBN 4-8074-9718-9.
  • エヴァンゲリオン用語事典 第2版 (in Japanese). 八幡書店. 1998. ISBN 978-4-89350-327-5.
  • Cannarsi, Gualtiero (1998). Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Vol. 3. Dynamic Italia.
  • Redmond, Dennis (2004). The World is Watching: Video as Multinational Aesthetics, 1968–1995. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-2535-7.
  • Fujie, Kazuhisa; Foster, Martin (2004). Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Unofficial Guide. Tokyo: Cocoro Books. ISBN 0-9745961-4-0.
  • Porori, Syunsou (2009). The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side A. Glénat Editions. ISBN 978-2-7234-7120-6.
  • Nebbia, Virginie (2023). La Saga Evangelion: L'oeuvre d'une vie (in French). Third Editions. ISBN 978-2-3778-4430-2. Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  • Sellés de Lucas, Victor; Hernández-Pérez, Manuel (2024). "Exegesis and authorial agency through Judeo-Christian iconography in Japanese anime: Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995-97) as an open work". Imafronte (31). Universidad de Murcia: 224–237.