Introjection (Neon Genesis Evangelion episode)

"Introjection"
Neon Genesis Evangelion episode
Eva-01 devouring Angel Zeruel.
Episode no.Episode 19
Directed byMasayuki
Written byHideaki Anno, Akio Satsukawa
Original air dateFebruary 7, 1996 (1996-02-07)
Running time22 minutes
Episode chronology
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"Introjection"[a] is the nineteenth episode of the Japanese anime television series Neon Genesis Evangelion, which was created by Gainax. Hideaki Anno and Akio Satsukawa wrote the episode, which animator Masayuki directed. The series' protagonist is Shinji Ikari, a teenage boy whose father Gendo recruited him to the special military organization Nerv to pilot a gigantic, bio-mechanical mecha named Evangelion into combat with beings called Angels. In the episode, Shinji comes into conflict with his father and leaves Nerv. As he is about to leave Tokyo 3, the Angel Zeruel attacks the city, defeating Asuka Langley Soryu's Eva-02 and Rei Ayanami's Eva-00. Shinji again boards Eva-01, which goes berserk and devours Zeruel.

During the production of "Introjection", the animator Takeshi Honda gave the female characters a youthful touch. The episode reprises several situations and frames from the first episodes of the series to show Shinji's growth and maturation. The installment includes cultural references to the manga artist Daijiro Morohoshi, the Japanese anime series Ultraman, and to Buddhism and Christianity. The episode's title refers to the eponymous psychological concept.

"Introjection" was first broadcast on TV Tokyo on February 7, 1996, and drew an eight-percent audience share on Japanese television. Critics praised the episode for its direction and action sequences, considering it one of the best episodes of the series. Merchandise based on "Introjection" has been released.

Plot

Shinji Ikari, pilot of the mecha Eva-01, protests against his father Gendo, commander of the special agency Nerv. Gendo used his Eva-01 to destroy Bardiel, the thirteenth of a series of humanity's enemies called Angels, and with it the mecha Eva-03, despite the mecha containing its pilot Toji Suzuhara, Shinji's friend. Shinji is stopped and decides to leave Nerv. Meanwhile, Toji awakens after the battle against Bardiel with his left leg amputated, and Misato greets Shinji, telling him she has placed her hope in him. As Shinji stands on the station platform about to leave Tokyo-3, the Angel Zeruel attacks the city. Asuka Soryu Langley, the pilot aboard Eva-02, attempts to stop Zeruel, but it easily defeats the mecha.

Asuka's fellow pilot Rei Ayanami aboard Eva-00 takes an explosive device and launches a surprise kamikaze attack, attempted to hit Zeruel's core, but she is also defeated. Shinji witnesses the battle and meets Asuka's guardian Ryoji Kaji, and tells him humanity would be destroyed if an Angel were to make contact with an entity called Adam, which is kept in Nerv headquarters. Shinji confronts his father, re-boards Eva-01 and fights Zeruel. During the battle, Eva-01 runs out of power and Zeruel launches an attack on Eva-01's core. As Shinji cries out in despair, Eva-01 reactivates, defeating and devouring Zeruel.

Production

Genesis and staff

In 1993, Gainax wrote a presentation document entitled New Century Evangelion (tentative name) Proposal (新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (仮) 企画書, Shinseiki Evangelion (kari) kikakusho) for Neon Genesis Evangelion.[1][2] Proposal included a description of the fifteenth episode, in which Unit 01 would be heavily damaged, then remodeled and upgraded. Elements of the episode plan were used in "Introjection", in which Zeruel damages Eva-01 and absorbs the Angels' S² engine.[3] In Proposal's nineteenth episode, Asuka was to injure herself in an attempt to protect Shinji, who would try to prove himself, and the first air battle of the series would occur.[4] In the final version, Zeruel mutilates Eva-02 and Asuka is defeated but Shinji is not. The plan also included a change in the relationship between Shinji and Asuka, a scenario that was later presented in the movie The End of Evangelion (1997),[5] and an cuboid origami Angel would change shape in a manner similar to a Möbius strip. At the time, production of a television series did not allow Anno to use the idea, but he used paper-like arm elements for Zeruel, and for Armisael in "Rei III".[6]

The series staff originally planned an ending in which twelve final enemies called Apostolos, the most-powerful ever seen, would appear from the Moon, like the Twelve Apostles of the New Testament. Evangelion Chronicle, an official encyclopedia about the series, links this initial scenario to Zeruel, the most-powerful Angel to appear in all of Neon Genesis Evangelion, being the twelfth enemy to appear. The third Angel Sachiel is the first to attack Tokyo-3.[7] The scenario also included an enhancement to Evangelion units in the second half of the series; Eva-01 was to be strengthened using the power of the Apostolos.[8] The Proposal document also mentions a "positron engine" that was to equip Evangelion units; this later became the S2 engine in the final version of the anime.[9] The staff included a description of Ryoji Kaji in the document; he is thought of as a positive influence on Shinji's path, and encourages him words that help him grow. This element is found in the scene in which Kaji encourages Shinji in "Introjection".[10] Staff also originally wanted Shinji to die in the nineteenth episode.[11]

Hideaki Anno, Neon Genesis Evangelion's main director,[12] and Akio Satsukawa wrote "Introjection".[13] Masayuki, the series' assistant director, worked on storyboards and direction;[14] the other assistant directors were Ken Ando and Masahiko Otsuka.[15] Takeshi Honda was the chief animator, while Yoshito Asari and Masayuki worked as assistant character designers.[16][17] The staff also included animators Yasushi Muraki, Hiroaki Aida, Shoici Masuo,[15] Mitsuo Iso, experts in action mecha anime,[18][19] and Takashi Hashimoto.[20] Production also involved other studios beside Gainax, including Studio Cockpit, FAI International, Studio Tarji, and Tatsunoko Color Center.[21][22]

In the previous episode "Ambivalence", Toji Suzuhara is injured in the clash with Bardiel, and in "Introjection", he is depicted in a hospital room with an amputated left leg.[23][24] The indication was not in the storyboard, but was given only at the animation stage.[25] Anno originally wanted to kill Toji but during the production of the series, he promised his friend Toshimichi Ōtsuki, a representative of King Records, not to kill minor characters.[26][27] The second half of the series suffered from a tight schedule and production delays, and staff deviated from the original plans.[28] Episodes were delivered at the last minute and the series' broadcaster TV Tokyo could not check them before airing. "Introjection" increases the show's violence, including a bloody fight in which an Eva unit eats Zeruel. According to writer Virginie Nebbia, Anno had earier used this strategy for Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water, but for Evangelion it was only partially the result of the authors' will.[26] Despite difficulties caused by the timing and the departure of some staff members, the staff of the series produced work of a certain quality until "Introjection".[29] According to Anno, the staff still worked together for the installment.[30] Anno compared the episode's production to a live concert in which the staff did what they thought "was best for the moment", saying: "we give top priority to cost performance".[30] According to Evangelion assistant director Kazuya Tsurumaki, the episode reflects Anno's writing style, which is deductive rather than inductive; Anno does not have the final destination in mind, except vaguely, but gradually chooses the path to take.[31]

Development and style

Takeshi Honda gave an aesthetically pleasing look to the female characters, including Ritsuko Akagi, who is usually depicted as a cold woman, giving her a young, teenage appearance instead.[32] Yoshito Asari conceived the design of the Angel Zeruel,[33] which is similar to that of Sachiel and was inspired by the image of a shinigami.[34][35] The producers asked Asari to portray an enemy that is seemingly slow and clumsy, but is fast enough and strong enough to taunt the Evangelion.[36] Kaichiro Morikawa, a Japanese architect and writer, noted in "Introjection", Rei Ayanami is again blindfolded following the battle against Bardiel in "Ambivalence", as in the first episode, "Angel Attack".[37] Asuka was planned to suffer similar damage to Rei's but she emerges almost unscathed. Misato and Ritsuko are covered with bandages while Toji remains injured.[38] According to the writer Morikawa, there would be no reason to present Rei bandaged, except as a matter of style and character design.[39] For Morikawa, the bandages do not represent Rei's physical wounds but symbolize her position as a "warrior".[40] Morikawa also noted Hayao Miyazaki's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984), on which Anno worked as an animator, features wounded characters.[41] During "Introjection", characters are shown in a neurological hospital.[42] For Morikawa, such scenes are distinguished by a pale-colored uniform; although there are occasional announcements by operators in background, the sound design emphasizes electronic equipment such as electrocardiograms, giving the idea of a cold clinic that treats people as objects.[43]

The staff inserted an introspective scene set in a train, using a wide-angle, backlit screen layout.[44] The idea of the dreamy train was suggested by assistant director Tsurumaki, and was first presented in "Splitting of the Breast"; Anno liked the idea, and decided to include it in "Introjection" as well.[45] The fictional New Hakone-Yumoto Station, which appears in "Introspection" and is first seen in "Hedgehog's Dilemma",[46][47] is based on the real Hakone-Yumoto Station.[48][49] For this episode, the staff conceived an alternative route of the Odakyuu line that connects Tokyo, Shinjuku, Kanagawa, and Hakone-Yumoto, because in the world of Neon Genesis Evangelion, old Tokyo is submerged as a result of the Second Impact and the consequent rise in sea level.[50]

Mitsuo Iso worked with Takeshi Honda on the confrontation between Eva-01 and Zeruel.[51][52][53] The academic and writer Stevie Suan noted the battle lacks the classic movements of mecha anime sequences, which often mimic human combat, with "sword slashes and gun blasts", while Eva-01 instead devours the Angel through beastly movements.[54] In the final version of the episode, Eva-01 absorbs Zeruel's S2 engine but no frame in the anime shows its true form, which remains a mystery.[55] The original episode script includes a scene in which Eva-01 extracts an organ that is referred to in the storyboards as the S2 engine.[56] Eva-01's cannibalistic act negatively represents the act of eating flesh.[57][24] This detail can be linked to Anno's personal experience; he has been a vegetarian since early adolescence and is accustomed to including this aspect of his life into his works.[58] The character of Rei, for example, is also a vegetarian.[59] According to the writer Virginie Nebbia, the battle "gets rid of some taboos, such as cannibalism".[60] Zeruel's attack on Eva-01's core was inspired by an image of a rape.[57][24] In an interview, Anno stated he included the cannibalism scene in an attempt to traumatize a young child and make him vomit; according to him, it is better to show violence and "repulsive things" to children as they really are.[61][62] Nebbia also noted the battle is reminiscent of the confrontations of Akio Jissoji, the director of several Ultraman episodes, because the viewer sees Eva-01 eating behind black spruces.[63]

Voice acting and music

Koichi Yamadera, Miyuki Matsushita, Koichi Nagano, Junko Iwao, and Tetsuya Iwanaga, provided voices for several of the show's main characters, and also played unidentified characters and Nerv operators in "Introjection".[21][64] British singer Claire Littley sang the episode's closing theme, a version of the song "Fly Me To The Moon"; this was replaced on home-video editions[65] with a song called "Normal Orchestra", which was sung by Kotono Mitsuishi, Megumi Hayashibara and Yūko Miyamura.[66][67]

Cultural references

The episode's title, "Introjection", is a reference to the eponymous concept in psychoanalysis;[57][24] the term denotes the act of incorporating other people's characteristics and feelings, and making them one's own.[68][69] The title refers to Shinji's maturation and his new awareness of his own ego, and the process of Zeruel's absorption by Eva-01.[15] According to the book Evangelion Glossary (エヴァンゲリオン用語事典, Evangerion Yougo Jiten), which was edited by Yahata Shoten, the term can also relate to the episode's plot on several levels. After watching the defeat of Eva-00 and 02, Shinji declares he is "the pilot of Eva-01" as a result of incorporating "another Self", that is, his self as a pilot, and the values of his father Gendo.[70] Eva-01 reactivates after incorporating Shinji's request for help. The book also notes in psychoanalytic theory, it is through introjection the superego—the part of the psyche that results from parental and social norms, is formed. Shinji, who in "Ambivalence" refused to fight Bardiel, later kills Kaworu in the last episodes of the series, having introjected Gendo's parental norm of the necessity of making sacrifices in war.[70] During Rei's attempted suicide, a soundtrack called "Thanatos" is audible;[71][72] the name Thanatos is a reference to the Greek god of death.[73] In psychoanalysis, Thanatos denotes the death drive, the instinct to destroy others and oneself.[74]

The anime critic Akio Nagatomi noted Eva-01 devouring Zeruel is modeled after primates, tracing a possible influence from Stanley Kubrick's movie 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968).[75] When Gendo attempts to activate Eva-01 with the Dummy System, he says "tomaruhachi (ヒトマルハチ)",[76][77] a military expression that is used to prevent misunderstandings when pronouncing numbers,[78] particularly the number 108. According to Yahata Shoten's Evangelion Glossary, in Buddhism, 108 is the number of human desires, and is likened to an image of "pearls and mirrors".[79] The image of the out-of-control Unit 01, which walks on four legs while devouring an Angel, was inspired by the Buddhist figures of the preta, damned people who are punished for their earthly sins with eternal hunger.[80]

"Introjection" was influenced by the genre series tokusatsu, of which Anno is an fan.[81] Zeruel's explosive eye-beam technique is similar to Ultraman Jettle from the Ultraman franchise.[82] The writer Virginie Nebbia has linked the Angel and its role to Zetton, an Ultraman antagonist who appeares in the least episodes of the series of the same name.[26][83] In the first Ultraman series finale, Zetton causes a separation between Ultraman and the human Shin Hayata,[83] and defeats Ultraman, contrary to the audience's expectation.[84] According to Nebbia, in the fight against Zeruel, the Evangelion staff demonstrate a desire to thwart audience expectations; the hero refuses to fight, the series mecha contains his mother, and the Angels—the show's villains—are portrayed as the rightful inhabitants of Earth. In contrast to Zetton, Shinji manages to defeat and eat Ultraman, fusing with Eva-01.[83] Nebbia also compared Zeruel's cross-shaped explosions, which Sachiel also uses in the first two episodes, to Daijiro Morohoshi's Yokai Hunter.[83] In the third installment of Yokai Hunter, Zezu, a "Christ-savior" takes stricken souls from Hell to Heaven as a giant cross hovers in the sky.[85]

In the battle against Zeruel, Eva-01 devours its S2 engine,[86][87] extending its operational power, which becomes infinite.[88] The full name means Super-Solenoid; it is named after the solenoid, a cylindrical coil which produces magnetic force.[89] According to the Evangelion Glossary, it's an engine "powered by the energy generated by the annihilation of positrons and electrons".[90] It gives great powers to the Angels.[91][92] Writers Martin Foster and Kazuhisa Fujie described as a "perpetual engine".[93] Evangelion Chronicle magazine similarly likened the S2 engine to a perpetual motion machine, such as Archimedean spiral, believed to be incompatible with the laws of thermodynamics, and to the DNA supercoil, particularly the solenoid structure of chromatin. The same magazine also compared it with the anthropic principle, according to which there is a hidden energy in genes that has advanced life.[94]

For humanity, S2 engine represents a "forbidden fruit".[94] Evangelion Chronicle[95][96] Kazuhisa Fujie[97] linked the engine to the Biblical fruit of life, while academic Fabio Bartoli compared it with the tree of life.[98] According to Comic Book Resources, Evangelion's fruit of life vaguely implies a relationship with the Fruit of the Holy Spirit, suggesting: "the Angels aren't the villains after all".[99] By eating Zeruel, Unit 01 ascends to a "God status" and the event is "a turning point in the series".[100] The game Neon Genesis Evangelion 2 contains a section named Classified Information with a description of S2 engine, according to which: "As the universe is formed with spirals, the engine acquires energy from its shape, which is the same as DNA".[101] In the liner notes of "Fourth Child" and "Ambivalence", in which S2 is discussed, assistant director Tsurumaki linked the anthropic principle to Lyall Watson's hundredth monkey phenomenon, a hypothetical scenario in which consciousness can alter reality and previously nonexistent things can become real the moment it is thought of as real. According to Tsurumaki, quantum physics could also be related to the hundredth monkey phenomenon, which is not to be understood as a rigidly fixed number, and even one person can modify reality, making their dreams become true.[102]

Themes

"Introjection" represents the culmination of Shinji's story,[103] and is the third chapter in the trilogy of episodes devoted to the Fourth Children,[57] following "Fourth Child" and "Ambivalence".[104][105] According to the Japanese academic Taro Igarashi, the installment is also the climax of the second half of the show, in which there is a huge sense of tension[106] and the plot disintegrates and goes out of control like Eva-01.[107] In the episode's first scenes, a conversation on a train at sunset is presented, a technique that was also used in the sixteenth installment.[57][24] According to Asia Scape magazine, the imaginary train dialogue represents Shinji's "internal argument".[108]

According to the encyclopedia Evangelion Chronicle, this scene represents the characters' inner worlds but not Shinji's; Toji is watching the conversation between Shinji and Rei from a distance. According to the magazine, it would be unnatural for Toji to know Shinji's concerns, so it is possible Shinji, Toji, and Rei are somehow connected through Evangelion units.[109] Rei and Shinji discuss "running way from unpleasant things",[57] a theme that is already discussed in the previous two episodes.[110][111] In the following scenes, Rei asks Asuka what it means to dream, and Asuka asks her, "You never dreamed?".[112] The official booklet of the Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death and Rebirth movie (1997) describes Rei as "an expressionless Noh mask" and "a girl who does not dream",[113] while the book Schizo Evangelion describes her as "a dreamless mind, completely separated from [Carl] Jung's collective unconscious".[114]

Evangelion Chronicle noted the episode uses the symbolism of hands. When Shinji meets his father again, concern, hesitation and determination are visible in the movement of Shinji's hands.[115] The symbolism of hands and the variety of emotions that can be expressed through them returns often in the series, where people fight with their bare hands or use their hands to strangle others, as in the previous installment's battle or in the movie The End of Evangelion, in which Shinji strangles Asuka and Rei asks Shinji what are his hands for.[116] In earlier episodes, including "A Human Work" and "She said, 'Don't make others suffer for your personal hatred'.", the director Anno presented the theme of doing things with the "hands of men".[117][118][119] Important phrases related to the characters' secrets are presented in "Introjection"; for example, when Eva-01 rejects the Dummy System and Rei says "Are you rejecting me?",[120] while Rei experiences a feeling of vomiting[121][122] Gendo says: "It is no longer possible".[57][123] During the battle against Zeruel, Rei says: "Even if I die I can be replaced".[57][24] Gendo, who is usually depicted as calm and aloof, shows a concerned expression in the face of Rei's suicidal actions, hinting at strong feelings toward Rei.[124] According to academic Stevie Suan, Rei operates according to her own volition in the battle, even against her orders, showing Rei has the ability "to act and induce effects".[125]

Shinji's growth

"Introjection" represents various situations and shots from the first episodes of the series to show Shinji's personal growth

In the episode's first scene, after the battle against Bardiel in the previous installment, Shinji childishly protests against his father, saying he does not care if Gendo's action were necessary.[58] According to the writer Michael Berman, Shinji threatens to destroy Nerv because he was forced to destroy the Angel regardless of the captive's survival, and "most disparaging for Shinji is that he was unwillingly used as an instrument for his father's purpose".[126] After the event, Shinji decides to quit Nerv and stop piloting the Eva. In the fourth episode "Hedgehog's Dilemma", Shinji momentarily escapes from Nerv; the decision he makes in "Introjection", rather than being an escape from reality, is based on his own conscious will and greater maturity.[127][128] "Introjection" reprises several shots and situations from the first, second, and fourth episodes, clearly showing Shinji's evolution. For example, when Shinji confronts his father at the Nerv base, the same shots from the first episode are used,[14][129] but the dialogues are reverted and Shinji affirms himself as a pilot.[130] As in the first two episodes, an Angel similar to Sachiel generates cross-shaped explosions,[57][24] and after going berserk, Eva-01 repairs its own left arm.[58]

According to the writer Dennis Redmond, Shinji "for the first time in the series, claims an explicit identity" in "Introjection".[131] Newtype noted Shinji "has seemed lost and isolated up to now";[132][133] at the beginning of the series, he drives the Eva as if he was removed from his surroundings but in "Introjection", he rises with his strong will.[134] Misato, in the course of her encounter with Shinji. notices Shinji speaks with true self-awareness,[135] something he had never done before.[136][137] Assistent director Kazuya Tsurumaki noted despite the common perception of Shinji as a boy who, unlike the classical anime hero, never grows up: "you can see several milistones in Shinji's growth that you wouldn't mind seeing as the final episode", including "Rei II" and "Introjection".[138] According to Tsurumaki, "Introjection" would be the last episode of a good classic mecha anime, but Shinji's journey continues: "When you think about it, it's not that Shinji hasn't grown up. It's just that there's an even tougher development waiting for him, and he repeatedly worries and gets lost."[138]

According to Tsurumaki, as Zeruel attacks, Shinji is on a hill over⁣look⁣ing Tokyo-3 saying to him⁣self "I won't pilot", but in the next scene he is in the under⁣ground shelter. Tsurumaki said Shinji's body gradually approaches Unit-01.[139] In addi⁣tion, there is a lack of visual in⁣for⁣ma⁣tions char⁣ac⁣ter⁣is⁣tic of other anime. For ex⁣am⁣ple, there is the sky be⁣hind the character but no in⁣for⁣ma⁣tion is given out⁣side of that: "My inter⁣pre⁣ta⁣tion was that, even though Shinji was say⁣ing he wouldn't pilot, he also un⁣der⁣stood that he had to pilot".[139] For Tsurumaki, Shinji simply acts like a little child rebelling against a parent in "Introjection" and reported his interpretation to Anno, who replied Shinji really does not want to pilot in the scene. Tsurumaki thus concluded Shinji is not weak as is commonly perceived; he is obstinate and "doesn't really pay attention to other people", just like Anno.[139] Shinji's first English voice actor Spike Spencer similarly noted Shinji has not completely taken "the weak path" because "when he gets in the Evangelion, he kick ass", and by the nineteenth episode, he lets go of his emotions: "You can't discount the fact that he's kind of a wuss when it comes to girls and talking to other people, but he's a warrior. ... The world's still here, and it's thank to him."[140]

After his resignment, Shinji sees a battle from an outside perspective, as a civilian, for the first time;[141] he sees Eva-02 and Eva-00 being defeated by Zeruel. While Shinji is "uncertain about the path to follow", he meets Ryoji Kaji.[142][143] According to Redmond, Kaji "says the crucial words" Gendoo "cannot bring himself to say".[131] Newtype's official filmbooks on Evangelion note characters rarely express their feelings in the series, but Kaji still speaks to Shinji by voicing his emotions.[144] Through Kaji's discussion, Shinji develops an insight into things for the first time.[145] Kaji urges Shinji by inviting him to decide for himself without external constraints.[146][147] Unlike the previous episodes, in which Shinji states to ride Eva is to have his father approval, Shinji decides to pilot again for himself, not for Gendo's affection.[148][149] According to Hideaki Anno, the phrase is a spur to the Japanese people to be more "individualistic".[34][35] Shinji's heart is shaken by Kaji's words and Rei's sacrificial action.[150] Instead of being self-centered, Shinji thinks in a broad, third-person perspective and makes his decision. His face is depicted more-graphically mature than the rest of the series,[151] while Kaji has a peculiar expression on his face during the battle, as though he is thinking about his own fate.[152] According to Newtype, Shinji understands who he is in "Introjection", and could be considered a "modern hero", an evolved version of the animated heroes of earlier anime series.[153][154] Mechademia Mariana Ortega also described Kaji as an "adopted father-figure" for Shinji.[155]

Masculinity

The episode Japanese title, "A Mans' Battle",[156] can be linked with the theme of masculinity, which is also presented in previous episodes.[58] Yūichirō Oguro, the editor of supplemental materials included in the Japanese edition of the series, especially noted how in the first two episodes Misato repeats to Shinji to act like a man.[157][158] In "Splitting of the Breast", Shinji says fighting is "a man's job"[159][160] but becomes trapped in Leliel and the 01 Entry Plug as a punishment or a castration for trying to act like a man.[161][162] Toji, who reveals machista ideas,[163] is metaphorically castrated by losing a leg in "Ambivalence". According to Oguro, Evangelion seems skeptical about masculinity; it is also Eva-01 with Yui's soul who defeats the Angel, and not the male protagonist, so it is not exactly "a man's battle".[58] According to the academic Cristopher Smith, after the battle against Bardiel, Shinji has seen where the performance of violent masculinity ultimately leads, and concludes it is not something he desires nor which is aligned with his own masculinity: "Exposure to extreme hegemonic masculine violence leads Shinji to finally reject both it and the patriarchal organization run by his father".[164] Smith also noted for the first time in the series, Shinji performs exceptional violence in "Introjection", in which he repeats some of the violent actions his father had forced him to perform earlier in "Ambivalence": "He has a deranged look on his face as he does it. ... Now he has realized the depravity of hegemonic masculinity and the violence it requires, but here he indulges in that depravity with full awareness."[164]

During the battle, Eva01 emits a roar similar to that of a carnivorous animal;[165] for the writer Giuseppe Gatti, Eva-01 resembles the posture and verses of "a mammoth gorilla-cyborg"[166] and according to Stevie Suan, the scene gives a "sense of a primal, savage character".[167] The New Yorker wrote, in awakening his Eva, Shinji unlocks "a monstrous, destructive id synonymous with—or derived from—his own".[168] According to GameRant, while Eva-01 going berserk "ensure[s] victory more often than not, it's a haunting subversion of the mecha trope".[169] The writers Brian Camp and Julie Davis similarly stated Eva-01's fury makes audiences ask "what's really in these machines".[170] According to the academic Mariana Ortega, since Eva-01 was built from Lilith and the Angel was born from Adam, Unit 01 absorbs a "sibling" and becomes an "alpha et omega".[171] The Japanese academic Kotani Mari likened the act of cannibalism on Shinji-Eva's part to "the explosion of the radically feminine, that is, to what Alice Jardine calls 'gynesis' ... Shinji very naturally but miraculously comes to feminize himself. This sequence unveils Shinji's epiphany. The more strongly he desires a miraculous breakthrough, the more deconstructive his own sexuality becomes."[172] Writer Sharalyn Orbaugh noted in the original Japanese, the pronouns used carry no indication of Evangelion's gender; it is impossible to tell whether the speakers think of the Shinji-Eva cyborg as "he", "she" or "it".[173] Ritsuko said during Eva-01's berserk, this is the awekening of "her" in "Introjection", using the female pronoun.[174][175]

Shinji eventually completely synchronizes with Eva-01[176] and becomes absorbed in it. According to Orbaugh, despite the hyper-masculine outlines of the Eva unit and the fact the pilot is a boy, Eva is decisively feminine.[177] Neon Genesis Evangelion's narrative, therefore, uses both the male terror of being radically feminized through the excessive intimacy implied by the interpenetration and the intercorporation of the cyborg subject, and the paradoxical hope one power that can oppose the forces of evil "is precisely the eruption of the abject femininity that is repressed in technopatriarchal society".[177] According to Suan, the sequence reveals "the isolation and agential capacity of individualism, so distinct it is difficult to relate to, so autonomous it cannot be controlled".[178] Because it is an Eva unit, such a performance reveals the agency of the non-human, dispelling the divisions between humans and non-humans, and "reversing modern conceptions of inanimate object (one that humans can control) and active (human) subject".[178] For the Japanese academic Osamu Tsukihashi, Eva-01's awakening scene may be regarded as the culmination of Evangelion as a work of robotic animation. Unlike an ordinary mecha anime, the battle presence of extreme violence and the obvious dichotomy between good and evil, friend and foe, shifts to the unstable idea "everyone can be an enemy".[179] In the Eastern plot structure of kishōtenketsu, the battle corresponds to the third moment, the ten (転, twist).[179]

Reception

"Introjection" was first broadcast on February 7, 1996, and drew a eight-percent audience share on Japanese television.[180] In 1996, with 566 votes, it ranked fourth among the best anime episodes on the Anime Grand Prix, a large, annual poll made by Animage magazine.[181] In July 2020, Comic Book Resources reported an 9.2/10 rating for the installment on IMDb, making it the highest-rated Evangelion episode.[182] Merchandise based on the episode, including a line of official tee-shirts,[183][184] and a sculpture portraying Maya Ibuki's reaction to Eva-01 cannibalism,[185] has been released.[186][187]

Digitally Obsessed's Joel Cunningham gave "Introjection" a positive review for its "real shocker" ending, which he described as "the best moment in the series thus far", and its introspective moments;[188] according to Cunningham, while introspective moments of the series can be boring or confusing to many, they are "a standout example of the risky, unique, and impressive elements of the series", saying: "I can't imagine many other cartoons (even anime) have quite this much character development".[188] The Anime Café's Akio Nagatomi also praised the episode, particularly the manner in which Anno chose to portray Eva-01 devouring Zeruel as "highly effective, with the glowing eyes shilouetted against the twilight skies sending shivers down my spine".[75] While Nagatomi described the visual direction as "nothing short of spell-binding", he noted: "The stories seem to be dragging on, as if there's a contractual length to be met, and there's not enough material to fill it".[75] Nagatomi also criticized Megumi Ogata's voice acting, but stated: "the direction of this one episode alone makes following this series worthwhile".[75] Comic Book Resources' Edward Lequin, criticized Shinji's decision to quit Nerv because "the Angel might not have gotten that far in the first place if Shinji didn't leave so suddenly".[189]

Game Rant[169] and Comic Book Resources[190] cited the battle against Zeruel as one of the most "disturbing" and best battles in Neon Genesis Evangelion. The American magazine Anime Invasion ranked it as the eighth-best fight in Japanese animation history.[191] Screen Rant similarly described it as the best battle in the whole series; according to Adam Beach from the same website, the climax, in which "Eva Unit 01 goes completely berserk to destroy Zeruel in a visceral display", makes this confrontation memorable.[192][193] SyFy Wire's Daniel Dockery listed it among the series' "most awesome moments",[194] while the website Supanova Expo said the scene in which Shinji states himself to be the pilot of Eva-01 in front of his father is among the character's best moments.[195] Film School Rejects's Max Covill placed "Introjection" seventh on his list of the best Evangelion episodes, describing it as "solid episode".[196] According to Covill, in "Introjection", Shinji finally becomes the hero he was once envisioned to be; while throughout the series he is indecisive, in this episode, Shinji is able to stand up to his father and make decisions for himself.[196] Covill also included the shot in which Shinji is in Nerv's prison with Gendo's shadow over him and another shot in which Gendo's sunglasses reflect Shinji's face are among the "perfect shots of Neon Genesis Evangelion.[197][198]

References

  1. ^ Japanese: 男の戰い, Hepburn: Otoko no tatakai, lit. 'A Man's Battle'

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