PTPN21

PTPN21
Identifiers
Aliases	PTPN21, PTPD1, PTPRL10, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 21, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 21
External IDs	OMIM: 603271; MGI: 1344406; HomoloGene: 5110; GeneCards: PTPN21; OMA:PTPN21 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human)[1] Band 14q31.3 Start 88,465,778 bp[1] End 88,555,007 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse)[2] Band 12|12 E Start 98,643,000 bp[2] End 98,703,664 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in skin of thigh secondary oocyte skin of hip lower lobe of lung skin of abdomen right lung right ventricle lactiferous duct left testis right testis Top expressed in zygote secondary oocyte primary oocyte neural layer of retina medial head of gastrocnemius muscle sciatic nerve extraocular muscle muscle of thigh cardiac muscles internal carotid artery More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function phosphoprotein phosphatase activity hydrolase activity phosphatase activity protein binding protein tyrosine phosphatase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytoskeleton Biological process protein dephosphorylation dephosphorylation peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 11099 24000 Ensembl ENSG00000070778 ENSMUSG00000021009 UniProt Q16825 Q62136 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_007039 NM_001146199 NM_011877 RefSeq (protein) NP_008970 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 88.47 – 88.56 Mb Chr 12: 98.64 – 98.7 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN21 gene.[5][6]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an N-terminal domain, similar to cytoskeletal- associated proteins including band 4.1, ezrin, merlin, and radixin. This PTP was shown to specially interact with BMX/ETK, a member of Tec tyrosine kinase family characterized by a multimodular structures including PH, SH3, and SH2 domains. The interaction of this PTP with BMX kinase was found to increase the activation of STAT3, but not STAT2 kinase. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested the possible roles of this PTP in liver regeneration and spermatogenesis.[6]

Interactions

PTPN21 has been shown to interact with BMX[7] and KIF1C.[8]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000070778 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021009 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Møller NP, Møller KB, Lammers R, Kharitonenkov A, Sures I, Ullrich A (Sep 1994). "Src kinase associates with a member of a distinct subfamily of protein-tyrosine phosphatases containing an ezrin-like domain". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (16): 7477–81. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.7477M. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7477. PMC 44424. PMID 7519780.
6. "Entrez Gene: PTPN21 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 21".
7. Jui HY, Tseng RJ, Wen X, Fang HI, Huang LM, Chen KY, Kung HJ, Ann DK, Shih HM (Dec 2000). "Protein-tyrosine phosphatase D1, a potential regulator and effector for Tec family kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (52): 41124–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007772200. PMID 11013262.
8. Dorner C, Ciossek T, Müller S, Møller PH, Ullrich A, Lammers R (Aug 1998). "Characterization of KIF1C, a new kinesin-like protein involved in vesicle transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (32): 20267–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.32.20267. PMID 9685376.

Further reading

• Zeitlin AA, Heward JM, Brand OJ, Newby PR, Franklyn JA, Gough SC, Simmonds MJ (2007). "Use of Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to screen PTPN21: no association with Graves' disease". Clin. Endocrinol. 65 (3): 380–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02608.x. PMID 16918960. S2CID 19532757.
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
• Cardone L, Carlucci A, Affaitati A, Livigni A, DeCristofaro T, Garbi C, Varrone S, Ullrich A, Gottesman ME, Avvedimento EV, Feliciello A (2004). "Mitochondrial AKAP121 binds and targets protein tyrosine phosphatase D1, a novel positive regulator of src signaling". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (11): 4613–26. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.11.4613-4626.2004. PMC 416429. PMID 15143158.
• Jui HY, Tseng RJ, Wen X, Fang HI, Huang LM, Chen KY, Kung HJ, Ann DK, Shih HM (2001). "Protein-tyrosine phosphatase D1, a potential regulator and effector for Tec family kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (52): 41124–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007772200. PMID 11013262.
• Tokuchi H, Higashitsuji H, Nishiyama H, Nonoguchi K, Nagao T, Xue JH, Itoh K, Ogawa O, Fujita J (2000). "Expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-RL10 and its isoform in the mouse testis". Int. J. Urol. 6 (11): 572–7. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.611108.x. PMID 10585123. S2CID 38524556.
• Dorner C, Ciossek T, Müller S, Møller PH, Ullrich A, Lammers R (1998). "Characterization of KIF1C, a new kinesin-like protein involved in vesicle transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (32): 20267–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.32.20267. PMID 9685376.
• Higashitsuji H, Arii S, Furutani M, Imamura M, Kaneko Y, Takenawa J, Nakayama H, Fujita J (1995). "Enhanced expression of multiple protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regenerating mouse liver: isolation of PTP-RL10, a novel cytoplasmic-type phosphatase with sequence homology to cytoskeletal protein 4.1". Oncogene. 10 (2): 407–14. PMID 7838537.