PKP classification system (Polish locomotive designation) is a system of assigning letters and numbers to series and individual locomotives used by the PKP - Polish national railroad operator.
The system was introduced for the steam stock by the Ministry of Railways on 3 November 1922, shortly after Poland regained her independence (1918) when the Polish railroads inherited a variety of German, Austrian and Russian steam locomotives, each with its own type convention.[1] It was put into use in 1923–1926 years. The adopted solution allows telling the locomotive type (passenger/freight/mixed), wheel arrangement, origin and some other information from the type designation. After World War II a similar system was also adapted for diesel and electric locomotives.
Electric and diesel locomotives
An example of a locomotive designation: E stands for electric locomotive and T stands for freight locomotive. Next two numbers (22) describe six axles, Co-Co, direct current, 3 kV. Next four numbers after dash are an inventory number.Diesel (S) shunting (M) maneuvering locomotive, no multiple-unit control (01-09 number range)
In the case of electric and diesel locomotives, and multiple units, a designation consists of two capital letters and two digits, without a space between letters and digits. The first letter E or S indicates a kind of traction (electric or diesel), the second letter indicates a locomotive purpose. Digits mark subsequent classes, and their ranges also carry additional information on construction features. Some railcar classes have three digits.
In the case of electric and diesel locomotives consisting of two cars, the letters A and B were added after the serial number for each car but the number is still the same for both the cars or after important modernisation (look for EU07A).
Every car in a multiple unit is further designated by its own suffix:
s – (silnikowy) motor car (with or without a driver's cab)
d – (doczepny) trailer car without a driver's cab
r – (rozrządczy) trailer car with a driver's cab
If there is more than one car of a given designation in a unit, they are further identified with the letter 'a' or 'b'. For example, a typical 3-car EMU class EN57 consists of the following cars:
ra (trailer car with a driver's cab)
s (motor car, in this case without a driver's cab)
rb (trailer car with a driver's cab)
Another 3-car EMU, class EW58, consists of the following cars:
sa (motor car, in this case with a driver's cab)
d (trailer car without a driver's cab)
sb (motor car, in this case with a driver's cab)
Example of a single car's designation: EN57-830ra.
Diesel locomotives
01–09 – mechanical transmission, no multiple-unit control
10–14 – mechanical transmission, multiple-unit control
15–24 – hydraulic transmission, no multiple-unit control
25–29 – hydraulic transmission, multiple-unit control
30–39 – electric transmission, no multiple-unit control
40–49 – electric transmission, multiple-unit control
Diesel railcars and multiple units
51–59 – mechanical transmission, no multiple-unit control
60–69 – mechanical transmission, multiple-unit control
70–79 – hydraulic or hydro-mechanical transmission, no multiple-unit control
80–89 – hydraulic transmission, multiple-unit control
90–94 – electric transmission, no multiple-unit control
95–99 – electric transmission, multiple-unit control
Steam locomotives
An example of a Ty43 class locomotive designation: T stands for freight locomotive and y stands for 2-10-0 wheel set. 43 describes Polish production, 1943 year of design approval.
Designations of standard gauge PKP steam locomotives consist of two letters (or three letters in case of tank locomotives) and a number written directly behind the letters. Designations of narrow gauge locomotives follow other rules.
z - five driving axles, more than one unpowered axle
Middle letter
In the case of tank engines, the letters designating the type of engine and the wheel arrangement are separated by a K (upper case). Thus TKt48 is a 2-8-2T tank locomotive of Polish design introduced in 1948.
20-99 - Polish-ordered steam engine, number stood for the last two digits of the year in which the type was approved for production[1]
100 - different atypical stock, acquired after 1945, including former private and industry locomotives[2]
101-199 - Other foreign steam engine, acquired by PKP between 1918 and 1939 (including German land railways other, than Prussian)
201-299 - Other foreign production steam engine, acquired by PKP after 1945[1]
Serial numbers
Following the letters and numbers described above, the serial number of each individual locomotive is stated. This consists of several digits, separated from the type designation characters by a dash.
Tenders
First number
First number of tender classification described water capacity in cubic meters made even upwards.[1]
This referred to the year of construction, so number 23 means the construction was approved in 1923. Numbers 1 to 10 meant Prussian or German origin, 11 to 19 - Austrian origin, above 101 - other foreign origin.[1]
An example
A tender numbered 22D23 can carry up to 22 m3 of water, has four axles, and its construction was approved in 1923.
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