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Monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) are one type of nanoparticles or clusters of atoms. A single MPC contains three main parts: metallic core, protective ligand layer and metal-ligand interface between, each defined by their distinctive chemical and structural environments.[1] The main part of a MPC is a metallic core, which can consist of a single metal or it can be a mixture of metals. Bare metal particles tend to be reactive. They usually react with environment or with other particles making larger structures. Ligand layer is used to protect them, so that the particle size is preserved. Ligands are usually some organic molecules and they are bound to metallic core via some linking atoms such as sulfur or phosphorus forming thiol and phosphine ligands. However, there are alkynyl and carbene protected MPCs,[2][3] where carbon is directly bound to metal atoms. Ligand layer can consist of a single type of ligands, like in the case of thiolate-protected gold clusters, or it can contain several different molecules. Even though the ligand layer is usually used to passivate a nanoparticle, it is not a passive part of the MPCs. For example, ligands can be functionalized to work in specific applications such as binding to surfaces or acting as a carrier for other molecules. Ligand layer also contributes to the total electronic structure of the particle, which furthermore affects the superatomic nature of the particle.[1]
[Au25(SCH2Ph)18]- presented here is a thiolate-protected gold cluster and a classic example of the MPC, structure of which is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. (white: H, grey: C, dull yellow :S, yellow: Au). Top left: full structure; middle : gold core and Au-S protecting units, bottom right: Au13-core.
In order to fully understand how MPCs work, one has to solve their atomic structures. One of the most common ways is to use X-ray crystallography. There are a large amount of these structures found but they are scattered over different sources. This article is designed to be a list of known structures of MPCs focusing on experimentally determined ones. MPCs are divided to tables according to their cores. Within the tables they are sorted according to the amount of metal atoms from smallest to largest. If there several clusters with similar core sizes, earlier published is listed first. The last table contains some structures which are partially determined experimentally and partially predicted by theoretical calculations. Every table lists the chemical formula of the MPC, the full reference to the publication and a their shortened DOI code with a link to the publication. There are three main ways to access the structure information. The first one is to go to the webpage of the original publication and see if there is supplementary information file containing the data. The second approach is to use the listed DOI and search the structure from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD)[4] or Crystallography Open Database (COD).[5] There one can easily download the structure, if authors have submitted their crystallographic data. Some crystal structures are published in Protein Data Bank (PDB),[6] in which case corresponding accession code is listed after the DOI. The third option is for the situations, where two first ones don't work and the data is really needed. One can check who is the corresponding author of the publication and ask politely for the data.
Gold
Table of the crystal structures of gold MPCs.
Formula
References
[Au3C27N2H36]1+
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[Au6(PPh3)6]2+
Briant, Clive E.; Hall, Kevin P.; Mingos, D. Michael P.; Wheeler, Allison C. (1986). "Synthesis and structural characterisation of hexakis(triphenyl phosphine)hexagold(2+) nitrate, [Au6(PPh3)6][NO3]2, and related clusters with edgesharing bitetrahedral geometries". Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (3): 687. doi:10.1039/DT9860000687.
[Au6P(PhCH3)3]2+
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[Au6(dppp)4]2+
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[(ImiPr2·Au)6(μ6-C)]2+
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[Au7(PPh3)7]1+
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[Au7(dppp)4]3+
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[Au8(PPh3)8]2+
Manassero, Mario; Naldini, Luciana; Sansoni, Mirella (1979). "A new class of gold cluster compounds. Synthesis and X-ray structure of the octakis(triphenylphosphinegold) dializarinsulphonate, [Au8(PPh3)8](aliz)2". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (9): 385. doi:10.1039/C39790000385.
[Au8(PPh3)7]2+
Van Der Velden, Jan W. A.; Bour, Jan J.; Bosman, Wil P.; Noordik, Jan H. (1981). "Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure determination of the cationic gold cluster compound [Au8(PPh3)7](NO3)2". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (23): 1218. doi:10.1039/C39810001218.
[Au8(PPh3)7(SnCl3)]+
Demidowicz, Zenon; Johnston, Roy L.; Machell, Jonathan C.; Mingos, D. Michael P.; Williams, Ian D. (1988). "Synthesis and structural characterisation of a novel high-nuclearity gold–tin cluster compound, [Au8(PPH3)7(SNCL3)]2[SNCL6]". J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. (7): 1751–1756. doi:10.1039/DT9880001751.
[Au8L6]1+
Yang, Yi; Sharp, Paul R. (1994). "New Gold Clusters [Au8L6](BF4)2 and [(AuL)4](BF4)2 (L = P(mesityl)3)". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 116 (15): 6983–6984. doi:10.1021/ja00094a082.
[Au8(dppp)4]2+
Kamei, Yutaro; Shichibu, Yukatsu; Konishi, Katsuaki (2011). "Generation of Small Gold Clusters with Unique Geometries through Cluster-to-Cluster Transformations: Octanuclear Clusters with Edge-sharing Gold Tetrahedron Motifs". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (32): 7442–7445. doi:10.1002/anie.201102901. PMID21688379.
[Au8(dppp)4Cl2]2+
Kamei, Yutaro; Shichibu, Yukatsu; Konishi, Katsuaki (2011). "Generation of Small Gold Clusters with Unique Geometries through Cluster-to-Cluster Transformations: Octanuclear Clusters with Edge-sharing Gold Tetrahedron Motifs". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (32): 7442–7445. doi:10.1002/anie.201102901. PMID21688379.
[Au8(dppp)4(CCPh)2]2+
Kobayashi, Naoki; Kamei, Yutaro; Shichibu, Yukatsu; Konishi, Katsuaki (2013). "Protonation-Induced Chromism of Pyridylethynyl-Appended [core+ exo ]-Type Au8 Clusters. Resonance-Coupled Electronic Perturbation through π-Conjugated Group". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135 (43): 16078–16081. doi:10.1021/ja4099092. PMID24127776.
Bellon, P. L.; Cariati, F.; Manassero, M.; Naldini, L.; Sansoni, M. (1971). "Novel gold clusters. Preparation, properties, and X-ray structure determination of salts of octakis(triarylphosphine)enneagold, [Au9L8]X3". Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical Communications (22): 1423. doi:10.1039/C29710001423.
[Au9{P(p-C6H4OMe)3}8]3+
Hall, Kevin P.; Theoblad, Brain R. C.; Gilmour, David I.; Mingos, D. Michael P.; Welch, Alan J. (1982). "Synthesis and structural characterization of [Au9{P(p-C6H4OMe)3}8](BF4)3; a cluster with a centred crown of gold atoms". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (10): 528. doi:10.1039/C39820000528.
[Au9{P(p-C6H4OMe)3}8]3+
Briant, Clive E.; Hall, Kevin P.; Mingos, D. Michael P. (1984). "Structural characterisation of two crystalline modifications of [Au9{P(C6H4OMe-p)3}8](NO3)3: The first example of skeletal isomerism in metal cluster chemistry". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (5): 290. doi:10.1039/C39840000290.
[Au9(PPh3)8]3+
Schulz-Dobrick, Martin; Jansen, Martin (2006). "Supramolecular Intercluster Compounds Consisting of Gold Clusters and Keggin Anions". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2006 (22): 4498–4502. doi:10.1002/ejic.200600790.
[Au9(PPh3)8]3+
Schulz-Dobrick, Martin; Jansen, Martin (2007). "Structure-Directing Effects in the Supramolecular Intercluster Compound [Au9(PPH3)8]2[V10O28H3]2: Long-Range versus Short-Range Bonding Interactions". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (11): 4380–4382. doi:10.1021/ic700434x. PMID17477525.
[Au9(PPh3)8]3+
Wen, Fei; Englert, Ulli; Gutrath, Benjamin; Simon, Ulrich (2008). "Crystal Structure, Electrochemical and Optical Properties of [Au9(PPH3)8](NO3)3". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2008: 106–111. doi:10.1002/ejic.200700534.
[Au10Cl3(PCy2Ph)6]+
Briant, Clive E.; Hall, Kevin P.; Wheeler, Alison C.; Mingos, D. Michael P. (1984). "Structural characterisation of [Au10Cl3(PCy2Ph)6](NO3)(Cy = cyclohexyl) and the development of a structural principle for high nuclearity gold clusters". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (4): 248. doi:10.1039/C39840000248.
Man, Renee W. Y.; Yi, Hong; Malola, Sami; Takano, Shinjiro; Tsukuda, Tatsuya; Häkkinen, Hannu; Nambo, Masakazu; Crudden, Cathleen M. (2022). "Synthesis and Characterization of Enantiopure Chiral Bis NHC-Stabilized Edge-Shared Au10 Nanocluster with Unique Prolate Shape". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (5): 2056–2061. doi:10.1021/jacs.1c11857. PMID35100506.
Nunokawa, Keiko; Onaka, Satoru; Ito, Mitsuhiro; Horibe, Makoto; Yonezawa, Tetsu; Nishihara, Hiroshi; Ozeki, Tomoji; Chiba, Hirokazu; Watase, Seiji; Nakamoto, Masami (2006). "Synthesis, single crystal X-ray analysis, and TEM for a single-sized Au11 cluster stabilized by SR ligands: The interface between molecules and particles". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 691 (4): 638–642. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.09.043.
[Au11(Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2)6]3+
Shichibu, Yukatsu; Kamei, Yutaro; Konishi, Katsuaki (2012). "Unique [core+two] structure and optical property of a dodeca-ligated undecagold cluster: Critical contribution of the exo gold atoms to the electronic structure". Chemical Communications. 48 (61): 7559–7561. doi:10.1039/C2CC30251A. hdl:2115/52107. PMID22430877.
Briant, Clive E.; Theobald, Brian R. C.; White, James W.; Bell, Linda K.; Mingos, D. Michael P.; Welch, Alan J. (1981). "Synthesis and X-ray structural characterization of the centred icosahedral gold cluster compound [Aul3(PMe2Ph)10Cl2](PF6)3; the realization of a theoretical prediction". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (5): 201. doi:10.1039/C39810000201.
[Au13(dppe)5Cl2]3+
Shichibu, Yukatsu; Konishi, Katsuaki (2010). "HCL-Induced Nuclearity Convergence in Diphosphine-Protected Ultrasmall Gold Clusters: A Novel Synthetic Route to "Magic-Number" Au13 Clusters". Small. 6 (11): 1216–1220. doi:10.1002/smll.200902398. PMID20486140.
Shen, Hui; Xiang, Sijin; Xu, Zhen; Liu, Chen; Li, Xihua; Sun, Cunfa; Lin, Shuichao; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Nanfeng (2020). "Superatomic Au13 clusters ligated by different N-heterocyclic carbenes and their ligand-dependent catalysis, photoluminescence, and proton sensitivity". Nano Research. 13 (7): 1908–1911. doi:10.1007/s12274-020-2685-0.
[Au13(NHC-2)5Br2]3+
Shen, Hui; Xiang, Sijin; Xu, Zhen; Liu, Chen; Li, Xihua; Sun, Cunfa; Lin, Shuichao; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Nanfeng (2020). "Superatomic Au13 clusters ligated by different N-heterocyclic carbenes and their ligand-dependent catalysis, photoluminescence, and proton sensitivity". Nano Research. 13 (7): 1908–1911. doi:10.1007/s12274-020-2685-0.
[Au13(NHC-3)9Cl3]2+
Shen, Hui; Xiang, Sijin; Xu, Zhen; Liu, Chen; Li, Xihua; Sun, Cunfa; Lin, Shuichao; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Nanfeng (2020). "Superatomic Au13 clusters ligated by different N-heterocyclic carbenes and their ligand-dependent catalysis, photoluminescence, and proton sensitivity". Nano Research. 13 (7): 1908–1911. doi:10.1007/s12274-020-2685-0.
[Au13(NHC-4)8(ArC≡C)4]+
Shen, Hui; Wu, Qingyuan; Malola, Sami; Han, Ying-Zi; Xu, Zhen; Qin, Ruixuan; Tang, Xiongkai; Chen, Yang-Bo; Teo, Boon K.; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2022). "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters with Organometallic Motifs for Promoting Catalysis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (24): 10844–10853. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c02669. PMID35671335.
Au14(PPh3)8(NO3)4
Gutrath, Benjamin S.; Oppel, Iris M.; Presly, Oliver; Beljakov, Igor; Meded, Velimir; Wenzel, Wolfgang; Simon, Ulrich (2013). "[Au14(PPH3)8(NO3)4]: An Example of a New Class of Au(NO3)-Ligated Superatom Complexes". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 52 (12): 3529–3532. doi:10.1002/anie.201208681. PMID23420716.
[Au16(NHC-1)5(PA)3Br2]3+
Shen, Hui; Wu, Qingyuan; Malola, Sami; Han, Ying-Zi; Xu, Zhen; Qin, Ruixuan; Tang, Xiongkai; Chen, Yang-Bo; Teo, Boon K.; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2022). "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters with Organometallic Motifs for Promoting Catalysis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (24): 10844–10853. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c02669. PMID35671335.
[Au16(NHC-1)5(PA)2(4-MePhC≡C)Br2]3+
Shen, Hui; Wu, Qingyuan; Malola, Sami; Han, Ying-Zi; Xu, Zhen; Qin, Ruixuan; Tang, Xiongkai; Chen, Yang-Bo; Teo, Boon K.; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2022). "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters with Organometallic Motifs for Promoting Catalysis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (24): 10844–10853. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c02669. PMID35671335.
[Au17(NHC-1)4(PA)4Br4]+
Shen, Hui; Wu, Qingyuan; Malola, Sami; Han, Ying-Zi; Xu, Zhen; Qin, Ruixuan; Tang, Xiongkai; Chen, Yang-Bo; Teo, Boon K.; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2022). "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters with Organometallic Motifs for Promoting Catalysis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (24): 10844–10853. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c02669. PMID35671335.
Wan, Xian-Kai; Lin, Zhi-Wei; Wang, Quan-Ming (2012). "Au20 Nanocluster Protected by Hemilabile Phosphines". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (36): 14750–14752. doi:10.1021/ja307256b. PMID22931402.
Au20(TBBT)16
Zeng, Chenjie; Liu, Chong; Chen, Yuxiang; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Jin, Rongchao (2014). "Gold–Thiolate Ring as a Protecting Motif in the Au20(SR)16 Nanocluster and Implications". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 136 (34): 11922–11925. doi:10.1021/ja506802n. PMID25126666.
[Au20(PP3)4]4+
Chen, Jing; Zhang, Qian-Fan; Williard, Paul G.; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2014). "Synthesis and Structure Determination of a New Au20 Nanocluster Protected by Tripodal Tetraphosphine Ligands". Inorganic Chemistry. 53 (8): 3932–3934. doi:10.1021/ic500562r. PMID24684605.
Au21(S-tBu)15
Yang, Sha; Chai, Jinsong; Song, Yongbo; Fan, Jiqiang; Chen, Tao; Wang, Shuxin; Yu, Haizhu; Li, Xiaowu; Zhu, Manzhou (2017). "In Situ Two-Phase Ligand Exchange: A New Method for the Synthesis of Alloy Nanoclusters with Precise Atomic Structures". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (16): 5668–5671. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b00668. PMID28383901.
Au21(S-Adm)15
Chen, Shuang; Xiong, Lin; Wang, Shuxin; Ma, Zhongyun; Jin, Shan; Sheng, Hongting; Pei, Yong; Zhu, Manzhou (2016). "Total Structure Determination of Au21(S-Adm)15 and Geometrical/Electronic Structure Evolution of Thiolated Gold Nanoclusters". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (34): 10754–10757. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b06004. PMID27552520.
Au22(L8)6
Chen, Jing; Zhang, Qian-Fan; Bonaccorso, Timary A.; Williard, Paul G.; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2014). "Controlling Gold Nanoclusters by Diphospine Ligands". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 136 (1): 92–95. doi:10.1021/ja411061e. PMID24351099.
Au22(SAdm)16
Li, Yingwei; Cowan, Michael J.; Zhou, Meng; Luo, Tian-Yi; Song, Yongbo; Wang, He; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Mpourmpakis, Giannis; Jin, Rongchao (2020). "Atom-by-Atom Evolution of the Same Ligand-Protected Au21, Au22, Au22Cd1, and Au24 Nanocluster Series". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (48): 20426–20433. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c09110. PMID33170677.
[Au23(SC6H11)16]-
Das, Anindita; Li, Tao; Nobusada, Katsuyuki; Zeng, Chenjie; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Jin, Rongchao (2013). "Nonsuperatomic [Au23(SC6H11)16]− Nanocluster Featuring Bipyramidal Au15 Kernel and Trimeric Au3(SR)4 Motif". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135 (49): 18264–18267. doi:10.1021/ja409177s. PMID24274138.
Guan, Zong-Jie; Hu, Feng; Li, Jiao-Jiao; Wen, Zhao-Rui; Lin, Yu-Mei; Wang, Quan-Ming (2020). "Isomerization in Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (6): 2995–3001. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b11836. PMID31958012.
[Au23(NHCptol)6(C≡CPh)9]2+
Hirano, Koto; Takano, Shinjiro; Tsukuda, Tatsuya (2021). "Ligand Effects on the Structures of [Au23L6(C≡CPH)9]2+ (L = N-Heterocyclic Carbene vs Phosphine) with Au17 Superatomic Cores". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 125 (18): 9930–9936. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02197.
Crasto, David; Barcaro, Giovanni; Stener, Mauro; Sementa, Luca; Fortunelli, Alessandro; Dass, Amala (2014). "Au24(SAdm)16 Nanomolecules: X-ray Crystal Structure, Theoretical Analysis, Adaptability of Adamantane Ligands to Form Au23(SAdm)16 and Au25(SAdm)16, and Its Relation to Au25(SR)18". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 136 (42): 14933–14940. doi:10.1021/ja507738e. PMID25308728.
Das, Anindita; Li, Tao; Nobusada, Katsuyuki; Zeng, Qiong; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Jin, Rongchao (2012). "Total Structure and Optical Properties of a Phosphine/Thiolate-Protected Au24 Nanocluster". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (50): 20286–20289. doi:10.1021/ja3101566. PMID23227995.
[Au24(NHC)14Cl2H3]3+
Kulkarni, Viveka K.; Khiarak, Behnam Nourmohammadi; Takano, Shinjiro; Malola, Sami; Albright, Emily L.; Levchenko, Tetyana I.; Aloisio, Mark D.; Dinh, Cao-Thang; Tsukuda, Tatsuya; Häkkinen, Hannu; Crudden, Cathleen M. (2022). "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Hydrido Au24 Nanoclusters: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (20): 9000–9006. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c00789. PMID35549258.
[Au25(PPh3)10(SEt)5Cl2]2+
Shichibu, Yukatsu; Konishi, Katsuaki (2010). "HCL-Induced Nuclearity Convergence in Diphosphine-Protected Ultrasmall Gold Clusters: A Novel Synthetic Route to "Magic-Number" Au13 Clusters". Small. 6 (11): 1216–1220. doi:10.1002/smll.200902398. PMID20486140.
[Au25(SC2H4Ph)18]1-
Zhu, Manzhou; Aikens, Christine M.; Hollander, Frederick J.; Schatz, George C.; Jin, Rongchao (2008). "Correlating the Crystal Structure of a Thiol-Protected Au25 Cluster and Optical Properties". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (18): 5883–5885. doi:10.1021/ja801173r. PMID18407639.
[Au25(SC2H4Ph)18]1-
Heaven, Michael W.; Dass, Amala; White, Peter S.; Holt, Kennedy M.; Murray, Royce W. (2008). "Crystal Structure of the Gold Nanoparticle [N(C8H17)4][Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18]". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (12): 3754–3755. doi:10.1021/ja800561b. PMID18321116.
[Au25(SC2H4Ph)18]1-
Zhu, Manzhou; Eckenhoff, William T.; Pintauer, Tomislav; Jin, Rongchao (2008). "Conversion of Anionic [Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18]− Cluster to Charge Neutral Cluster via Air Oxidation". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 112 (37): 14221–14224. doi:10.1021/jp805786p.
Au25(SC2H4Ph)18
Zhu, Manzhou; Eckenhoff, William T.; Pintauer, Tomislav; Jin, Rongchao (2008). "Conversion of Anionic [Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18]− Cluster to Charge Neutral Cluster via Air Oxidation". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 112 (37): 14221–14224. doi:10.1021/jp805786p.
Au25(SC2H4Ph)18
Antonello, Sabrina; Dainese, Tiziano; Pan, Fangfang; Rissanen, Kari; Maran, Flavio (2017). "Electrocrystallization of Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters: Opening the Door to Quality, Quantity, and New Structures". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (11): 4168–4174. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b00568. hdl:11577/3230060. PMID28281762.
[Au25(S-nC5H11)18]4
Antonello, Sabrina; Dainese, Tiziano; Pan, Fangfang; Rissanen, Kari; Maran, Flavio (2017). "Electrocrystallization of Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters: Opening the Door to Quality, Quantity, and New Structures". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (11): 4168–4174. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b00568. hdl:11577/3230060. PMID28281762.
De Nardi, Marco; Antonello, Sabrina; Jiang, De-en; Pan, Fangfang; Rissanen, Kari; Ruzzi, Marco; Venzo, Alfonso; Zoleo, Alfonso; Maran, Flavio (2014). "Gold Nanowired: A Linear (Au25)n Polymer from Au25 Molecular Clusters". ACS Nano. 8 (8): 8505–8512. doi:10.1021/nn5031143. PMID25088331.
[Au25(PPh3)10(SePh)5Cl2]1+
Song, Yongbo; Jin, Shan; Kang, Xi; Xiang, Ji; Deng, Huijuan; Yu, Haizhu; Zhu, Manzhou (2016). "How a Single Electron Affects the Properties of the "Non-Superatom" Au25 Nanoclusters". Chemistry of Materials. 28 (8): 2609–2617. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04655.
[Au25(PPh3)10(SePh)5Cl2]2+
Song, Yongbo; Jin, Shan; Kang, Xi; Xiang, Ji; Deng, Huijuan; Yu, Haizhu; Zhu, Manzhou (2016). "How a Single Electron Affects the Properties of the "Non-Superatom" Au25 Nanoclusters". Chemistry of Materials. 28 (8): 2609–2617. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04655.
Crasto, David; Malola, Sami; Brosofsky, Grace; Dass, Amala; Häkkinen, Hannu (2014). "Single Crystal XRD Structure and Theoretical Analysis of the Chiral Au30S(S- t -Bu)18 Cluster". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 136 (13): 5000–5005. doi:10.1021/ja412141j. PMID24605935.
Dass, Amala; Jones, Tanya; Rambukwella, Milan; Crasto, David; Gagnon, Kevin J.; Sementa, Luca; De Vetta, Martina; Baseggio, Oscar; Aprà, Edoardo; Stener, Mauro; Fortunelli, Alessandro (2016). "Crystal Structure and Theoretical Analysis of Green Gold Au30(S- t Bu)18 Nanomolecules and Their Relation to Au30S(S- t Bu)18". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 120 (11): 6256–6261. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00062. hdl:11368/2881618.
Au30(S-Adm)18
Higaki, Tatsuya; Liu, Chong; Zeng, Chenjie; Jin, Renxi; Chen, Yuxiang; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Jin, Rongchao (2016). "Controlling the Atomic Structure of Au30 Nanoclusters by a Ligand-Based Strategy". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (23): 6694–6697. doi:10.1002/anie.201601947. PMID27099989.
Das, Anindita; Liu, Chong; Zeng, Chenjie; Li, Gao; Li, Tao; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Jin, Rongchao (2014). "Cyclopentanethiolato-Protected Au36(SC5H9)24 Nanocluster: Crystal Structure and Implications for the Steric and Electronic Effects of Ligand". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 118 (37): 8264–8269. Bibcode:2014JPCA..118.8264D. doi:10.1021/jp501073a. PMID24617814.
Au36(SPh)24
Nimmala, Praneeth Reddy; Knoppe, Stefan; Jupally, Vijay Reddy; Delcamp, Jared H.; Aikens, Christine M.; Dass, Amala (2014). "Au36(SPH)24 Nanomolecules: X-ray Crystal Structure, Optical Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Theoretical Analysis". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 118 (49): 14157–14167. doi:10.1021/jp506508x. PMID25315687.
Au36(TBBT)24
Zeng, Chenjie; Qian, Huifeng; Li, Tao; Li, Gao; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Yoon, Bokwon; Barnett, Robert N.; Whetten, Robert L.; Landman, Uzi; Jin, Rongchao (2012). "Total Structure and Electronic Properties of the Gold Nanocrystal Au36(SR)24". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 51 (52): 13114–13118. doi:10.1002/anie.201207098. PMID23154932.
Au36(SCH2Ph-tBu)8Cl20
Yang, Sha; Chai, Jinsong; Song, Yongbo; Kang, Xi; Sheng, Hongting; Chong, Hanbao; Zhu, Manzhou (2015). "A New Crystal Structure of Au36 with a Au14 Kernel Cocapped by Thiolate and Chloride". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (32): 10033–10035. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b06235. PMID26252023.
Qian, Huifeng; Eckenhoff, William T.; Zhu, Yan; Pintauer, Tomislav; Jin, Rongchao (2010). "Total Structure Determination of Thiolate-Protected Au38 Nanoparticles". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (24): 8280–8281. doi:10.1021/ja103592z. PMID20515047.
Teo, Boon K.; Shi, Xiaobo; Zhang, Hong (1992). "Pure gold cluster of 1:9:9:1:9:9:1 layered structure: A novel 39-metal-atom cluster [(Ph3P)14Au39Cl6]Cl2 with an interstitial gold atom in a hexagonal antiprismatic cage". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 114 (7): 2743–2745. doi:10.1021/ja00033a073.
Li, Yingwei; Song, Yongbo; Zhang, Xinwen; Liu, Tongyu; Xu, Tingting; Wang, He; Jiang, De-en; Jin, Rongchao (2022). "Atomically Precise Au42 Nanorods with Longitudinal Excitons for an Intense Photothermal Effect". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (27): 12381–12389. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c03948. PMID35767839.
Au43(C6H11)25
Dong, Hongwei; Liao, Lingwen; Wu, Zhikun (2017). "Two-Way Transformation between FCC- and Nonfcc-Structured Gold Nanoclusters". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 8 (21): 5338–5343. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02459. PMID29039677.
Au44(SPh-2,4-(CH3)2)26
Liao, Lingwen; Zhuang, Shengli; Yao, Chuanhao; Yan, Nan; Chen, Jishi; Wang, Chengming; Xia, Nan; Liu, Xu; Li, Man-Bo; Li, Lingling; Bao, Xiaoli; Wu, Zhikun (2016). "Structure of Chiral Au44(2,4-DMBT)26 Nanocluster with an 18-Electron Shell Closure". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (33): 10425–10428. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b07178. PMID27490914.
Au44(TBBT)28
Zeng, Chenjie; Chen, Yuxiang; Iida, Kenji; Nobusada, Katsuyuki; Kirschbaum, Kristin; Lambright, Kelly J.; Jin, Rongchao (2016). "Gold Quantum Boxes: On the Periodicities and the Quantum Confinement in the Au28, Au36, Au44, and Au52 Magic Series". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (12): 3950–3953. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b12747. PMID26934618.
Kenzler, Sebastian; Schrenk, Claudio; Frojd, Andrew R.; Häkkinen, Hannu; Clayborne, Andre Z.; Schnepf, Andreas (2018). "Au70S20(PPH3)12: An intermediate sized metalloid gold cluster stabilized by the Au4S4 ring motif and Au-PPH3 groups". Chemical Communications. 54 (3): 248–251. doi:10.1039/C7CC08014J. PMID29220046.
Jadzinsky, Pablo D.; Calero, Guillermo; Ackerson, Christopher J.; Bushnell, David A.; Kornberg, Roger D. (2007). "Structure of a Thiol Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticle at 1.1 Å Resolution". Science. 318 (5849): 430–433. Bibcode:2007Sci...318..430J. doi:10.1126/science.1148624. PMID17947577.
Higaki, Tatsuya; Liu, Chong; Zhou, Meng; Luo, Tian-Yi; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Jin, Rongchao (2017). "Tailoring the Structure of 58-Electron Gold Nanoclusters: Au103S2(S-Nap)41 and Its Implications". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (29): 9994–10001. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b04678. PMID28661158.
[Au110(p-CF3C6H4CC)48]2-
Wang, Jia-Qi; Shi, Shuang; He, Rui-Lin; Yuan, Shang-Fu; Yang, Gao-Yuan; Liang, Gui-Jie; Wang, Quan-Ming (2020). "Total Structure Determination of the Largest Alkynyl-Protected FCC Gold Nanocluster Au110 and the Study on Its Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (42): 18086–18092. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c07397. PMID32985888.
Au130(p-MBT)50
Chen, Yuxiang; Zeng, Chenjie; Liu, Chong; Kirschbaum, Kristin; Gayathri, Chakicherla; Gil, Roberto R.; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Jin, Rongchao (2015). "Crystal Structure of Barrel-Shaped Chiral Au130( p -MBT)50 Nanocluster". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (32): 10076–10079. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b05378. PMID26244606.
Sakthivel, Naga Arjun; Shabaninezhad, Masoud; Sementa, Luca; Yoon, Bokwon; Stener, Mauro; Whetten, Robert L.; Ramakrishna, Guda; Fortunelli, Alessandro; Landman, Uzi; Dass, Amala (2020). "The Missing Link: Au191(SPH- t Bu)66 Janus Nanoparticle with Molecular and Bulk-Metal-like Properties". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (37): 15799–15814. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c05685. PMID32881489.
Au246(p-MBT)80
Zeng, Chenjie; Chen, Yuxiang; Kirschbaum, Kristin; Lambright, Kelly J.; Jin, Rongchao (2016). "Emergence of hierarchical structural complexities in nanoparticles and their assembly". Science. 354 (6319): 1580–1584. Bibcode:2016Sci...354.1580Z. doi:10.1126/science.aak9750. PMID28008066.
Au279(SPh-tBu)84
Sakthivel, Naga Arjun; Theivendran, Shevanuja; Ganeshraj, Vigneshraja; Oliver, Allen G.; Dass, Amala (2017). "Crystal Structure of Faradaurate-279: Au279(SPH- t Bu)84 Plasmonic Nanocrystal Molecules". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (43): 15450–15459. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b08651. PMID28991464.
Silver
Table of the crystal structures of silver MPCs.
Formula
References
[{Ag(Ph2PS2)(dppe)}2]
Shafaei-Fallah, Maryam; Anson, Christopher E.; Fenske, Dieter; Rothenberger, Alexander (2005). "Functionalised trimethylsilyl reagents in cluster synthesis: Reactions of Ph2P(S)SSiMe3 with group 11 salts". Dalton Transactions (13): 2300–2304. doi:10.1039/B501360G. PMID15962051.
[{Ag(Ph2PS2)(dppe)}4]+
Shafaei-Fallah, Maryam; Anson, Christopher E.; Fenske, Dieter; Rothenberger, Alexander (2005). "Functionalised trimethylsilyl reagents in cluster synthesis: Reactions of Ph2P(S)SSiMe3 with group 11 salts". Dalton Transactions (13): 2300–2304. doi:10.1039/B501360G. PMID15962051.
[Ag8(F){S2P(CH2CH2Ph)2}6]+
Liao, Jian-Hong; Latouche, Camille; Li, Bing; Kahlal, Samia; Saillard, Jean-Yves; Liu, C. W. (2014). "A Twelve-Coordinated Iodide in a Cuboctahedral Silver(I) Skeleton". Inorganic Chemistry. 53 (4): 2260–2267. doi:10.1021/ic402960e. PMID24476137.
[Ag8(Cl){S2P(CH2CH2Ph)2}6]+
Liao, Jian-Hong; Latouche, Camille; Li, Bing; Kahlal, Samia; Saillard, Jean-Yves; Liu, C. W. (2014). "A Twelve-Coordinated Iodide in a Cuboctahedral Silver(I) Skeleton". Inorganic Chemistry. 53 (4): 2260–2267. doi:10.1021/ic402960e. PMID24476137.
[Ag8(Br){S2P(CH2CH2Ph)2}6]+
Liao, Jian-Hong; Latouche, Camille; Li, Bing; Kahlal, Samia; Saillard, Jean-Yves; Liu, C. W. (2014). "A Twelve-Coordinated Iodide in a Cuboctahedral Silver(I) Skeleton". Inorganic Chemistry. 53 (4): 2260–2267. doi:10.1021/ic402960e. PMID24476137.
[Ag8(pfga)6]6-
Liu, Kuan-Guan; Gao, Xue-Mei; Liu, Tongyu; Hu, Mao-Lin; Jiang, De-en (2020). "All-Carboxylate-Protected Superatomic Silver Nanocluster with an Unprecedented Rhombohedral Ag8 Core". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (40): 16905–16909. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c06682. PMID32941019.
[{Ag(Ph2PS2)(dppe)}10]
Shafaei-Fallah, Maryam; Anson, Christopher E.; Fenske, Dieter; Rothenberger, Alexander (2005). "Functionalised trimethylsilyl reagents in cluster synthesis: Reactions of Ph2P(S)SSiMe3 with group 11 salts". Dalton Transactions (13): 2300–2304. doi:10.1039/B501360G. PMID15962051.
[Ag12(μ12-I)(μ3-I)4{S2P(CH2CH2Ph)2}6]+
Liao, Jian-Hong; Latouche, Camille; Li, Bing; Kahlal, Samia; Saillard, Jean-Yves; Liu, C. W. (2014). "A Twelve-Coordinated Iodide in a Cuboctahedral Silver(I) Skeleton". Inorganic Chemistry. 53 (4): 2260–2267. doi:10.1021/ic402960e. PMID24476137.
Ag12(SCH2C10H7)6(CF3CO2)6(CH3CN)6
Xu, Qing-Qing; Dong, Xi-Yan; Huang, Ren-Wu; Li, Bo; Zang, Shuang-Quan; Mak, Thomas C. W. (2015). "A thermochromic silver nanocluster exhibiting dual emission character". Nanoscale. 7 (5): 1650–1654. Bibcode:2015Nanos...7.1650X. doi:10.1039/C4NR05122J. PMID25556676.
Ag14(SC6H3F2)12(PPh3)8
Yang, Huayan; Lei, Jing; Wu, Binghui; Wang, Yu; Zhou, Meng; Xia, Andong; Zheng, Lansun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2013). "Crystal structure of a luminescent thiolated Ag nanocluster with an octahedral Ag64+core". Chem. Commun. 49 (3): 300–302. doi:10.1039/C2CC37347E. PMID23183545.
Ag16(DPPE)4(SC6H3F2)14
Yang, Huayan; Wang, Yu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2013). "Stabilizing subnanometer Ag(0) nanoclusters by thiolate and diphosphine ligands and their crystal structures". Nanoscale. 5 (7): 2674–2677. Bibcode:2013Nanos...5.2674Y. doi:10.1039/C3NR34328F. PMID23467729.
Rothenberger, Alexander; Shafaei-Fallah, Maryam; Shi, Weifeng (2007). "A recipe for new organometallic polymers and oligomers? Synthesis and structure of an oligo- and a polymeric arrangement of P–S anions". Chem. Commun. (15): 1499–1501. doi:10.1039/B617177J. PMID17406686.
[Ag25(SPh(CH3)2)18]-
Joshi, Chakra P.; Bootharaju, Megalamane S.; Alhilaly, Mohammad J.; Bakr, Osman M. (2015). "[Ag25(SR)18]−: The "Golden" Silver Nanoparticle". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (36): 11578–11581. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b07088. hdl:10754/576875. PMID26322865.
[Ag28(StBu)23]5+
Zhou, Kun; Qin, Chao; Wang, Xin-Long; Shao, Kui-Zhan; Yan, Li-Kai; Su, Zhong-Min (2014). "Self-assembly of an all-thiol-stabilized {Ag28S23} high-nuclearity luminescent nanocluster with a "crab-like" shape". Dalton Transactions. 43 (28): 10695–10699. doi:10.1039/C4DT00762J. PMID24921974.
Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4
Abdulhalim, Lina G.; Bootharaju, Megalamane S.; Tang, Qing; Del Gobbo, Silvano; Abdulhalim, Rasha G.; Eddaoudi, Mohamed; Jiang, De-en; Bakr, Osman M. (2015). "Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4: A Tetravalent Nanocluster". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (37): 11970–11975. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b04547. hdl:10754/558586. PMID26104755.
[Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4]3-
Nag, Abhijit; Chakraborty, Papri; Bodiuzzaman, Mohammad; Ahuja, Tripti; Antharjanam, Sudhadevi; Pradeep, Thalappil (2018). "Polymorphism of Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)43− cluster: Interactions of secondary ligands and their effect on solid state luminescence". Nanoscale. 10 (21): 9851–9855. doi:10.1039/C8NR02629G. PMID29790561.
[Ag32(DPPE)5(SC6H4CF3)24]2-
Yang, Huayan; Wang, Yu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2013). "Stabilizing subnanometer Ag(0) nanoclusters by thiolate and diphosphine ligands and their crystal structures". Nanoscale. 5 (7): 2674–2677. Bibcode:2013Nanos...5.2674Y. doi:10.1039/C3NR34328F. PMID23467729.
Li, Gen; Lei, Zhen; Wang, Quan-Ming (2010). "Luminescent Molecular Ag−S Nanocluster [Ag62S13(SBut)32](BF4)4". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (50): 17678–17679. doi:10.1021/ja108684m. PMID21114326.
[Ag63(SPhF2)36(PPh3)8]+
Yang, Huayan; Yan, Juanzhu; Wang, Yu; Su, Haifeng; Gell, Lars; Zhao, Xiaojing; Xu, Chaofa; Teo, Boon K.; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2017). "Embryonic Growth of Face-Center-Cubic Silver Nanoclusters Shaped in Nearly Perfect Half-Cubes and Cubes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (1): 31–34. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b10053. PMID27992210.
[Ag63(SPhF2)36(PnBu3)8]+
Yang, Huayan; Yan, Juanzhu; Wang, Yu; Su, Haifeng; Gell, Lars; Zhao, Xiaojing; Xu, Chaofa; Teo, Boon K.; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2017). "Embryonic Growth of Face-Center-Cubic Silver Nanoclusters Shaped in Nearly Perfect Half-Cubes and Cubes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (1): 31–34. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b10053. PMID27992210.
[Ag67(SPhMe2)32(PPh3)8]3+
Alhilaly, Mohammad J.; Bootharaju, Megalamane S.; Joshi, Chakra P.; Besong, Tabot M.; Emwas, Abdul-Hamid; Juarez-Mosqueda, Rosalba; Kaappa, Sami; Malola, Sami; Adil, Karim; Shkurenko, Aleksander; Häkkinen, Hannu; Eddaoudi, Mohamed; Bakr, Osman M. (2016). "[Ag67(SPhMe2)32(PPH3)8]3+: Synthesis, Total Structure, and Optical Properties of a Large Box-Shaped Silver Nanocluster". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (44): 14727–14732. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b09007. hdl:10754/622496. PMID27733038.
Ag70S16(SPh)34(PhCO2)4(triphos)4
Wang, Xiu-Jian; Langetepe, Timo; Persau, Claudia; Kang, Bei-Sheng; Sheldrick, George M.; Fenske, Dieter (2002). "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the New Ag–S Clusters [Ag70S16(SPH)34(PhCO2)4(triphos)4] and [Ag188S94(PR3)30]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 41 (20): 3818–3822. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20021018)41:20<3818::AID-ANIE3818>3.0.CO;2-R. PMID12386858.
Ag78(DPPP)6(SPhCF3)42
Yang, Huayan; Yan, Juanzhu; Wang, Yu; Deng, Guocheng; Su, Haifeng; Zhao, Xiaojing; Xu, Chaofa; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Nanfeng (2017). "From Racemic Metal Nanoparticles to Optically Pure Enantiomers in One Pot". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (45): 16113–16116. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b10448. PMID29053274.
Ag78(R-BDPP)6(SPhCF3)42
Yang, Huayan; Yan, Juanzhu; Wang, Yu; Deng, Guocheng; Su, Haifeng; Zhao, Xiaojing; Xu, Chaofa; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Nanfeng (2017). "From Racemic Metal Nanoparticles to Optically Pure Enantiomers in One Pot". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (45): 16113–16116. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b10448. PMID29053274.
Ag78(S-BDPP)6(SPhCF3)42
Yang, Huayan; Yan, Juanzhu; Wang, Yu; Deng, Guocheng; Su, Haifeng; Zhao, Xiaojing; Xu, Chaofa; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Nanfeng (2017). "From Racemic Metal Nanoparticles to Optically Pure Enantiomers in One Pot". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (45): 16113–16116. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b10448. PMID29053274.
Fenske, Dieter; Anson, Christopher E.; Eichhöfer, Andreas; Fuhr, Olaf; Ingendoh, Arnd; Persau, Claudia; Richert, Clemens (2005). "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [Ag123S35(S t Bu)50] and [Ag344S124(S t Bu)96]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 44 (33): 5242–5246. doi:10.1002/anie.200501414. PMID16052644.
Wang, Xiu-Jian; Langetepe, Timo; Persau, Claudia; Kang, Bei-Sheng; Sheldrick, George M.; Fenske, Dieter (2002). "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the New Ag–S Clusters [Ag70S16(SPH)34(PhCO2)4(triphos)4] and [Ag188S94(PR3)30]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 41 (20): 3818–3822. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20021018)41:20<3818::AID-ANIE3818>3.0.CO;2-R. PMID12386858.
Ag210(SPhiPr)71(PPh3)5Cl
Liu, Jun-Yan; Alkan, Fahri; Wang, Zhi; Zhang, Zhen-Yi; Kurmoo, Mohamedally; Yan, Zier; Zhao, Quan-Qin; Aikens, Christine M.; Tung, Chen-Ho; Sun, Di (2019). "Different Silver Nanoparticles in One Crystal: Ag210(iPRPHS)71(Ph3P)5Cl and Ag211(iPRPHS)71(Ph3P)6Cl". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (1): 195–199. doi:10.1002/anie.201810772. PMID30411441.
Ag211(SPhiPr)71(PPh3)6Cl
Liu, Jun-Yan; Alkan, Fahri; Wang, Zhi; Zhang, Zhen-Yi; Kurmoo, Mohamedally; Yan, Zier; Zhao, Quan-Qin; Aikens, Christine M.; Tung, Chen-Ho; Sun, Di (2019). "Different Silver Nanoparticles in One Crystal: Ag210(iPRPHS)71(Ph3P)5Cl and Ag211(iPRPHS)71(Ph3P)6Cl". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (1): 195–199. doi:10.1002/anie.201810772. PMID30411441.
Ag344S124(StBu)96
Fenske, Dieter; Anson, Christopher E.; Eichhöfer, Andreas; Fuhr, Olaf; Ingendoh, Arnd; Persau, Claudia; Richert, Clemens (2005). "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [Ag123S35(S t Bu)50] and [Ag344S124(S t Bu)96]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 44 (33): 5242–5246. doi:10.1002/anie.200501414. PMID16052644.
Nguyen, Thuy-Ai D.; Goldsmith, Bryan R.; Zaman, Homaira T.; Wu, Guang; Peters, Baron; Hayton, Trevor W. (2015). "Synthesis and Characterization of a Cu14 Hydride Cluster Supported by Neutral Donor Ligands". Chemistry – A European Journal. 21 (14): 5341–5344. doi:10.1002/chem.201500422. PMID25702682.
[Cu17(tBuCC)16(MeOH)]+
Zhang, Li-Min; Mak, Thomas C. W. (2016). "Comproportionation Synthesis of Copper(I) Alkynyl Complexes Encapsulating Polyoxomolybdate Templates: Bowl-Shaped Cu33 and Peanut-Shaped Cu62 Nanoclusters". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (9): 2909–2912. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b12103. PMID26899875.
[Cu18(tBuCC)16(H2O)2]2+
Zhang, Li-Min; Mak, Thomas C. W. (2016). "Comproportionation Synthesis of Copper(I) Alkynyl Complexes Encapsulating Polyoxomolybdate Templates: Bowl-Shaped Cu33 and Peanut-Shaped Cu62 Nanoclusters". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (9): 2909–2912. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b12103. PMID26899875.
Cu18H7(S(C6H4)PPh2)10I
Huertos, Miguel A.; Cano, Israel; Bandeira, Nuno A. G.; Benet-Buchholz, Jordi; Bo, Carles; Van Leeuwen, Piet W. N. M. (2014). "Phosphinothiolates as Ligands for Polyhydrido Copper Nanoclusters". Chemistry – A European Journal. 20 (49): 16121–16127. doi:10.1002/chem.201404763. PMID25284300.
[Cu18H17(PPh3)10]+
Nguyen, Thuy-Ai D.; Jones, Zachary R.; Goldsmith, Bryan R.; Buratto, William R.; Wu, Guang; Scott, Susannah L.; Hayton, Trevor W. (2015). "A Cu25 Nanocluster with Partial Cu(0) Character". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (41): 13319–13324. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b07574. PMID26422670.
Cu20(H)11(S2P(OiPr)2)9
Dhayal, Rajendra S.; Liao, Jian-Hong; Lin, Yan-Ru; Liao, Ping-Kuei; Kahlal, Samia; Saillard, Jean-Yves; Liu, C. W. (2013). "A Nanospheric Polyhydrido Copper Cluster of Elongated Triangular Orthobicupola Array: Liberation of H2 from Solar Energy". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135 (12): 4704–4707. doi:10.1021/ja401576s. PMID23472670.
Cu23(tBuCC)13(CF3COO)6
Han, Bao-Liang; Liu, Zhen; Feng, Lei; Wang, Zhi; Gupta, Rakesh Kumar; Aikens, Christine M.; Tung, Chen-Ho; Sun, Di (2020). "Polymorphism in Atomically Precise Cu23 Nanocluster Incorporating Tetrahedral [Cu4]0 Kernel". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (12): 5834–5841. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c01053. PMID32126754.
[Cu23(tBuCC)13(CF3COO)6]·CHCl3
Han, Bao-Liang; Liu, Zhen; Feng, Lei; Wang, Zhi; Gupta, Rakesh Kumar; Aikens, Christine M.; Tung, Chen-Ho; Sun, Di (2020). "Polymorphism in Atomically Precise Cu23 Nanocluster Incorporating Tetrahedral [Cu4]0 Kernel". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (12): 5834–5841. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c01053. PMID32126754.
[Cu25H22(PPh3)12]+
Nguyen, Thuy-Ai D.; Jones, Zachary R.; Goldsmith, Bryan R.; Buratto, William R.; Wu, Guang; Scott, Susannah L.; Hayton, Trevor W. (2015). "A Cu25 Nanocluster with Partial Cu(0) Character". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (41): 13319–13324. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b07574. PMID26422670.
Edwards, Alison J.; Dhayal, Rajendra S.; Liao, Ping-Kuei; Liao, Jian-Hong; Chiang, Ming-Hsi; Piltz, Ross O.; Kahlal, Samia; Saillard, Jean-Yves; Liu, C. W. (2014). "Chinese Puzzle Molecule: A 15 Hydride, 28 Copper Atom Nanoball". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (28): 7214–7218. doi:10.1002/anie.201403324. PMID24803070.
[Cu28H20(S2P(OiPr)2)9]-
Liu, Xianhu; Shen, Hui; Gao, Yang; Deng, Guocheng; Deng, Hongwen; Han, Ying-Zi; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Nanfeng (2022). "Cu28H20: A peculiar chiral nanocluster with an exposed Cu atom and 13 surface hydrides". Chemical Communications. 58 (55): 7670–7673. doi:10.1039/D1CC06415K. PMID35727172.
[Cu29Cl4H22(Ph2phen)12]+
Nguyen, Thuy-Ai D.; Jones, Zachary R.; Leto, Domenick F.; Wu, Guang; Scott, Susannah L.; Hayton, Trevor W. (2016). "Ligand-Exchange-Induced Growth of an Atomically Precise Cu29 Nanocluster from a Smaller Cluster". Chemistry of Materials. 28 (22): 8385–8390. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03879.
Cu32(H)20(S2P(OiPr)2)12
Dhayal, Rajendra S.; Liao, Jian-Hong; Kahlal, Samia; Wang, Xiaoping; Liu, Yu-Chiao; Chiang, Ming-Hsi; Van Zyl, Werner E.; Saillard, Jean-Yves; Liu, C. W. (2015). "[Cu32(H)20{S2P(O i Pr)2}12]: The Largest Number of Hydrides Recorded in a Molecular Nanocluster by Neutron Diffraction". Chemistry – A European Journal. 21 (23): 8369–8374. doi:10.1002/chem.201501122. OSTI1261439. PMID25899822.
Zhang, Li-Min; Mak, Thomas C. W. (2016). "Comproportionation Synthesis of Copper(I) Alkynyl Complexes Encapsulating Polyoxomolybdate Templates: Bowl-Shaped Cu33 and Peanut-Shaped Cu62 Nanoclusters". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (9): 2909–2912. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b12103. PMID26899875.
[Cu48S20(OtBu)2(Ph2PS2)2(dppm−)4(dppm)4]
Shafaei-Fallah, Maryam; Anson, Christopher E.; Fenske, Dieter; Rothenberger, Alexander (2005). "Functionalised trimethylsilyl reagents in cluster synthesis: Reactions of Ph2P(S)SSiMe3 with group 11 salts". Dalton Transactions (13): 2300–2304. doi:10.1039/B501360G. PMID15962051.
[Cu53(COOCF3)10(CCtBu)20Cl2H18]+
Yuan, Peng; Chen, Ruihao; Zhang, Xiaomin; Chen, Fengjiao; Yan, Juanzhu; Sun, Cunfa; Ou, Daohui; Peng, Jian; Lin, Shuichao; Tang, Zichao; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Lan-Sun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2019). "Ether-Soluble Cu53 Nanoclusters as an Effective Precursor of High-Quality CuI Films for Optoelectronic Applications". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (3): 835–839. doi:10.1002/anie.201812236. PMID30406951.
[Cu62(tBuCC)16(Mo5O19)2(MoO4)2(OTf)2(OH)4]2+
Zhang, Li-Min; Mak, Thomas C. W. (2016). "Comproportionation Synthesis of Copper(I) Alkynyl Complexes Encapsulating Polyoxomolybdate Templates: Bowl-Shaped Cu33 and Peanut-Shaped Cu62 Nanoclusters". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (9): 2909–2912. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b12103. PMID26899875.
Aluminium
Table of the crystal structures of aluminum MPCs.
Formula
References
{Al(μ5-C5Me5)}4
Dohmeier, Carsten; Robl, Christian; Tacke, Matthias; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg (1991). "The Tetrameric Aluminum(<SCP>I</SCP>) Compound [{Al(η5-C5Me5)}4]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 30 (5): 564–565. doi:10.1002/anie.199105641.
Al4[Si(tBu)3]4
Purath, Andreas; Dohmeier, Carsten; Ecker, Achim; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg; Amelunxen, Kerstin; Passler, Thomas; Wiberg, Nils (1998). "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Tetraaluminatetrahedrane Al4[Si( t -Bu)3]4, the Second Al4R4 Compound". Organometallics. 17 (9): 1894–1896. doi:10.1021/om971015h.
Klinkhammer, Karl-Wilhelm; Uhl, Werner; Wagner, Jürgen; Hiller, Wolfgang (1991). "K2[Al12i Bu12], a Compound with Al12 Icosahedra". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 30 (2): 179–180. doi:10.1002/anie.199101791.
[Al12(N(SiMe3)2)18]1-
Purath, Andreas; Köppe, Ralf; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg (1999). "An Al12R8− cluster as an intermediate on the way from aluminium(I) compounds to aluminium metal†". Chemical Communications (19): 1933–1934. doi:10.1039/A904247D.
Klemp, Christoph; Bruns, Michael; Gauss, Jürgen; Häussermann, Ulrich; Stösser, Gregor; Van Wüllen, Leo; Jansen, Martin; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg (2001). "Al22Cl20·12L (L = THF, THP): The First Polyhedral Aluminum Chlorides". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 123 (37): 9099–9106. doi:10.1021/ja004022x. PMID11552817.
Al22Cl20(THP)12
Klemp, Christoph; Bruns, Michael; Gauss, Jürgen; Häussermann, Ulrich; Stösser, Gregor; Van Wüllen, Leo; Jansen, Martin; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg (2001). "Al22Cl20·12L (L = THF, THP): The First Polyhedral Aluminum Chlorides". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 123 (37): 9099–9106. doi:10.1021/ja004022x. PMID11552817.
Al50(C5Me5)12
Vollet, Jean; Hartig, Jens R.; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg (2004). "Al50C120H180: A Pseudofullerene Shell of 60 Carbon Atoms and 60 Methyl Groups Protecting a Cluster Core of 50 Aluminum Atoms". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (24): 3186–3189. doi:10.1002/anie.200453754. PMID15199573.
[Al69{N(SiMe3)2}18]3-
Köhnlein, H.; Purath, A.; Klemp, C.; Baum, E.; Krossing, I.; Stösser, G.; Schnöckel, H. (2001). "Synthesis and Characterization of an Al693- Cluster with 51 Naked al Atoms: Analogies and Differences to the Previously Characterized Al772- Cluster". Inorganic Chemistry. 40 (19): 4830–4838. doi:10.1021/ic0104297. PMID11531428.
[Al77(N(SiMe3)2)20]2-
Ecker, A.; Weckert, E.; Schnöckel, H. (1997). "Synthesis and structural characterization of an AI77 cluster". Nature. 387 (6631): 379–381. doi:10.1038/387379a0.
Gallium
Table of the crystal structures of gallium MPCs.
Formula
References
Ga4(Si(SiMe3)3)4
Linti, Gerald (1996). "Zur chemie des galliums, 61: Tris(trimethylsilyl) silylgallium(I) —eine experimentelle und theoretische studie". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 520 (1–2): 107–113. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(96)06317-6.
Donchev, Alexander; Schnepf, Andreas; Stößer, Gregor; Baum, Elke; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg; Blank, Thomas; Wiberg, Nils (2001). "[Ga18(SitBu3)8] and [Ga22(SitBu3)8]—Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Novel Gallium Cluster Compounds". Chemistry - A European Journal. 7 (15): 3348–3353. doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20010803)7:15<3348::AID-CHEM3348>3.0.CO;2-8. PMID11531121.
[Ga19(C(SiMe3)3)6]-
Schnepf, A.; Stösser, G.; Schnöckel, H. (2000). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of a Molecular Metalloid Ga19 Cluster Anion". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 122 (38): 9178–9181. doi:10.1021/ja000990o.
[Ga22(SitBu3)8]
Donchev, Alexander; Schnepf, Andreas; Stößer, Gregor; Baum, Elke; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg; Blank, Thomas; Wiberg, Nils (2001). "[Ga18(SitBu3)8] and [Ga22(SitBu3)8]—Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Novel Gallium Cluster Compounds". Chemistry - A European Journal. 7 (15): 3348–3353. doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20010803)7:15<3348::AID-CHEM3348>3.0.CO;2-8. PMID11531121.
[Ga22{N(SiMe3)2}10]2−
Schnepf, Andreas; Stößer, Gregor; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg (2002). "[Ga22{N(SiMe3)2}10]2−: A Metalloid Cluster Compound with a Variation of the Ga22 Framework This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Fonds der Chemische Industrie". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 41 (11): 1882. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20020603)41:11<1882::AID-ANIE1882>3.0.CO;2-N.
Ga23{N(SiMe3)2}11
Hartig, Jens; Stößer, Anna; Hauser, Petra; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg (2007). "A Metalloid [Ga23{N(SiMe3)2}11] Cluster: The Jellium Model Put to Test". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 46 (10): 1658–1662. doi:10.1002/anie.200604311. PMID17230594.
Table of the crystal structures of germanium MPCs.
Formula
References
[Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3]−
Schnepf, Andreas (2003). "[Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3]−: A Soluble Polyhedral Ge9 Cluster Stabilized by Only Three Silyl Ligands". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 42 (23): 2624–2625. doi:10.1002/anie.200250683. PMID12813736.
ZnGe18{Si(SiMe3)3}4{Ge(SiMe3)3}2
Kysliak, Oleksandr; Schnepf, Andreas (2019). "[Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}2{Ge(SiMe3)3}]–: The Mixed Substituted Metalloid Germanium Cluster and the Intermetalloid Cluster [ZnGe18{Si(SiMe3)3}4{Ge(SiMe3)3}2]". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 645 (3): 335–339. doi:10.1002/zaac.201800296.
[Ge9(Si(SiMe3)2(SiPh3))2]–
Kysliak, Oleksandr; Kunz, Tanja; Schnepf, Andreas (2017). "Metalloid Ge9R3– Clusters with Various Silyl Substituents: From Shielded to Open Cluster Cores". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2017 (4): 805–810. doi:10.1002/ejic.201601134.
[Ge9(Si(SiMe3)3)(Si(SiMe3)2(SiPh3))2]–
Kysliak, Oleksandr; Kunz, Tanja; Schnepf, Andreas (2017). "Metalloid Ge9R3– Clusters with Various Silyl Substituents: From Shielded to Open Cluster Cores". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2017 (4): 805–810. doi:10.1002/ejic.201601134.
[Ge9(Si(SiMe3)2(SiiPr3))3]–
Kysliak, Oleksandr; Kunz, Tanja; Schnepf, Andreas (2017). "Metalloid Ge9R3– Clusters with Various Silyl Substituents: From Shielded to Open Cluster Cores". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2017 (4): 805–810. doi:10.1002/ejic.201601134.
[Ge9(SiHtBu2)3]–
Kysliak, Oleksandr; Kunz, Tanja; Schnepf, Andreas (2017). "Metalloid Ge9R3– Clusters with Various Silyl Substituents: From Shielded to Open Cluster Cores". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2017 (4): 805–810. doi:10.1002/ejic.201601134.
(Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2)(PtBu2CuNHCMes)
Geitner, Felix S.; Wallach, Christoph; Fässler, Thomas F. (2018). "On the Variable Reactivity of Phosphine-Functionalized [Ge9] Clusters: Zintl Cluster-Substituted Phosphines or Phosphine-Substituted Zintl Clusters". Chemistry – A European Journal. 24 (16): 4103–4110. doi:10.1002/chem.201705678. PMID29322565.
NHCDippCu[η3-(Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2)(PMes2)]
Geitner, Felix S.; Wallach, Christoph; Fässler, Thomas F. (2018). "On the Variable Reactivity of Phosphine-Functionalized [Ge9] Clusters: Zintl Cluster-Substituted Phosphines or Phosphine-Substituted Zintl Clusters". Chemistry – A European Journal. 24 (16): 4103–4110. doi:10.1002/chem.201705678. PMID29322565.
[(Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2)(tBu2PCu)Ge9(Si(TMS)3)2]
Geitner, Felix S.; Wallach, Christoph; Fässler, Thomas F. (2018). "On the Variable Reactivity of Phosphine-Functionalized [Ge9] Clusters: Zintl Cluster-Substituted Phosphines or Phosphine-Substituted Zintl Clusters". Chemistry – A European Journal. 24 (16): 4103–4110. doi:10.1002/chem.201705678. PMID29322565.
Ge18[Si(SiMe3)3]6
Kysliak, Oleksandr; Schrenk, Claudio; Schnepf, Andreas (2016). "The Largest Metalloid Group 14 Cluster, Ge18[Si(SiMe3)3]6: An Intermediate on the Way to Elemental Germanium". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (9): 3216–3219. doi:10.1002/anie.201510831. PMID26822765.
Palladium
Table of the crystal structures of palladium MPCs.
Formula
References
[Pd10(μ-CO)8(μ3-CO)4(PEt3)6]
D. Michael P. Mingos and Christopher M. Hill. Synthesis and Characterisation of [Pd10(μ-CO)(μ3-CO)4(PEt3)6] and [Pd10(μ-CO)6(μ3-CO)2(μ-CNXylyl)2(PEt3)6]. Croat. Chem. Acta 1995, 68, 4, 745-767[7]
[Pd10(μ-CO)6(μ3-CO)2(μ-CNXylyl)2(PEt3)6]
D. Michael P. Mingos and Christopher M. Hill. Synthesis and Characterisation of [Pd10(μ-CO)(μ3-CO)4(PEt3)6] and [Pd10(μ-CO)6(μ3-CO)2(μ-CNXylyl)2(PEt3)6]. Croat. Chem. Acta 1995, 68, 4, 745-767[7]
Pd10(CO)14(PBun3)4
Mednikov, E.G.; Eremenko, N.K.; Slovokhotov, Yu.L.; Struchkov, Yu.T.; Gubin, S.P. (1983). "Synthesis and x-ray structure of 10-vertex palladium carbonylphosphine cluster with minimal PBun3 content". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 258 (2): 247–255. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)99262-3.
Pd12(CO)12(PBun3)6
Mednikov, E.G; Struchkov, Yu.T; Slovokhotov, Yu.L (1998). "Synthesis and X-ray structure of a novel 12-nuclear cluster Pd12(CO)12(PBun3)6". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 566 (1–2): 15–20. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(98)00633-0.
Pd12(CO)12(PPh3)6
Kawano, Masaki; Bacon, Jeffrey W.; Campana, Charles F.; Winger, Brian E.; Dudek, James D.; Sirchio, Scott A.; Scruggs, Sabrina L.; Geiser, Urs; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-Nuclearity Close-Packed Palladium-Nickel Carbonyl Phosphine Clusters: Heteropalladium [Pd16Ni4(CO)22(PPH3)4]2-and [Pd33Ni9(CO)41(PPH3)6]4-Containing Pseudo- Td CCP Pd16Ni4and Pseudo- D3h HCP Pd33Ni9Cores". Inorganic Chemistry. 40 (11): 2554–2569. doi:10.1021/ic000979p. PMID11350234.
Pd16(CO)13(PMe3)9
Tran, Nguyet T.; Kawano, Masaki; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-nuclearity palladium carbonyl trimethylphosphine clusters containing unprecedented face-condensed icosahedral-based transition-metal core geometries: Proposed growth patterns from a centered Pd13 icosahedron†". Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (19): 2731–2748. doi:10.1039/B103547A.
[Pd29(CO)28(PPh3)7]2-
Kawano, Masaki; Bacon, Jeffrey W.; Campana, Charles F.; Winger, Brian E.; Dudek, James D.; Sirchio, Scott A.; Scruggs, Sabrina L.; Geiser, Urs; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-Nuclearity Close-Packed Palladium-Nickel Carbonyl Phosphine Clusters: Heteropalladium [Pd16Ni4(CO)22(PPH3)4]2-and [Pd33Ni9(CO)41(PPH3)6]4-Containing Pseudo- Td CCP Pd16Ni4and Pseudo- D3h HCP Pd33Ni9Cores". Inorganic Chemistry. 40 (11): 2554–2569. doi:10.1021/ic000979p. PMID11350234.
Pd30(CO)26(PEt3)10
Mednikov, Eugeny G.; Ivanov, Sergei A.; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2003). "[Pd30(CO)26(PEt3)10] and [Pd54(CO)40(PEt3)14]: Generation of Nanosized Pd30- and Pd54-Core Geometries Containing Interpenetrating Cuboctahedral-Based Metal Polyhedra". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 42 (3): 323–327. doi:10.1002/anie.200390107. PMID12548690.
Pd35(CO)23(PMe3)15
Tran, Nguyet T.; Kawano, Masaki; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-nuclearity palladium carbonyl trimethylphosphine clusters containing unprecedented face-condensed icosahedral-based transition-metal core geometries: Proposed growth patterns from a centered Pd13 icosahedron†". Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (19): 2731–2748. doi:10.1039/B103547A.
Pd39(CO)23(PMe3)16
Tran, Nguyet T.; Kawano, Masaki; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-nuclearity palladium carbonyl trimethylphosphine clusters containing unprecedented face-condensed icosahedral-based transition-metal core geometries: Proposed growth patterns from a centered Pd13 icosahedron†". Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (19): 2731–2748. doi:10.1039/B103547A.
Pd54(CO)40(PEt3)14
Mednikov, Eugeny G.; Ivanov, Sergei A.; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2003). "[Pd30(CO)26(PEt3)10] and [Pd54(CO)40(PEt3)14]: Generation of Nanosized Pd30- and Pd54-Core Geometries Containing Interpenetrating Cuboctahedral-Based Metal Polyhedra". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 42 (3): 323–327. doi:10.1002/anie.200390107. PMID12548690.
Tran, Nguyet T.; Kawano, Masaki; Powell, Douglas R.; Dahl, Lawrence F. (1998). "Pd59(CO)32(PMe3)21: A Nanosized Metal Cluster Containing a Trigonal D3 Pd59 Core with 11 Interior Palladium Atoms". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 120 (42): 10986–10987. doi:10.1021/ja9827346.
Pd59(CO)32(PMe3)21
Tran, Nguyet T.; Kawano, Masaki; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-nuclearity palladium carbonyl trimethylphosphine clusters containing unprecedented face-condensed icosahedral-based transition-metal core geometries: Proposed growth patterns from a centered Pd13 icosahedron†". Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (19): 2731–2748. doi:10.1039/B103547A.
Pd69(CO)36(PEt3)18
Tran, Nguyet T.; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2003). "Nanosized [Pd69(CO)36(PEt3)18]: Metal-Core Geometry Containing a Linear Assembly of Three Face-Sharing Centered Pd33 Icosahedra Inside of a Hexagonal-Shaped Pd30 Tube". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 42 (30): 3533–3537. doi:10.1002/anie.200351738. PMID12900974.
Table of the crystal structures of alloy and doped MPCs.
Formula
References
[Au{Pt3(μ-CO)3(PPh3)3}2]+
Hallam, Malcolm F.; Mingos, D. Michael P.; Adatia, Trushar; McPartlin, Mary (1988). "Synthesis of Group 1B sandwich cluster compounds with [Pt3(μ-CO)3(PPH3)3] and the structural characterisation of [M{Pt3(μ-CO)3(PPH3)3}2]PF6(M = Au or Cu) by single-crystal X-ray techniques". J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. (2): 335–340. doi:10.1039/DT9880000335.
[Cu{Pt3(μ-CO)3(PPh3)3}2]+
Hallam, Malcolm F.; Mingos, D. Michael P.; Adatia, Trushar; McPartlin, Mary (1988). "Synthesis of Group 1B sandwich cluster compounds with [Pt3(μ-CO)3(PPH3)3] and the structural characterisation of [M{Pt3(μ-CO)3(PPH3)3}2]PF6(M = Au or Cu) by single-crystal X-ray techniques". J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. (2): 335–340. doi:10.1039/DT9880000335.
Au2Cu6(SAdm)6(PPh3)2
Kang, Xi; Wang, Shuxin; Song, Yongbo; Jin, Shan; Sun, Guodong; Yu, Haizhu; Zhu, Manzhou (2016). "Bimetallic Au2Cu6 Nanoclusters: Strong Luminescence Induced by the Aggregation of Copper(I) Complexes with Gold(0) Species". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (11): 3611–3614. doi:10.1002/anie.201600241. PMID26890334.
[Au4Cu4(DPPM)2(SAdm)5]+
Yu, Wei; Hu, Daqiao; Xiong, Lin; Li, Yangfeng; Kang, Xi; Chen, Shuang; Wang, Shuxin; Pei, Yong; Zhu, Manzhou (2019). "Isomer Structural Transformation in Au–Cu Alloy Nanoclusters: Water Ripple-Like Transfer of Thiol Ligands". Particle & Particle Systems Characterization. 36 (5). doi:10.1002/ppsc.201800494.
[Au4Cu5(C6H11S)6(DPPM)2]+
Zhou, Manman; Jin, Shan; Wei, Xiao; Yuan, Qianqin; Wang, Shuxin; Du, Yuanxin; Zhu, Manzhou (2020). "Reversible Cu–S Motif Transformation and Au4 Distortion via Thiol Ligand Exchange Engineering". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 124 (13): 7531–7538. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c00204.
Au5Cu6(Dppf)2(SAdm)6)
Deng, Huijuan; Bai, Yuyuan; Zhou, Manman; Bao, Yizheng; Jin, Shan; Li, Xiaowu; Yu, Haizhu; Zhu, Manzhou (2020). "Structure and Properties of Au5Cu6(DPPF)2(SAdm)6)(BPH4)". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 124 (39): 21867–21873. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06978.
((C5Me5)*AlCu)6H4
Ganesamoorthy, Chelladurai; Weßing, Jana; Kroll, Clarissa; Seidel, Rüdiger W.; Gemel, Christian; Fischer, Roland A. (2014). "The Intermetalloid Cluster [(Cp*AlCu)6H4], Embedding a Cu6 Core Inside an Octahedral Al6 Shell: Molecular Models of Hume–Rothery Nanophases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (30): 7943–7947. doi:10.1002/anie.201402149. PMID24962074.
((C5Me5)*AlCu)6H3(N=CHPh)
Ganesamoorthy, Chelladurai; Weßing, Jana; Kroll, Clarissa; Seidel, Rüdiger W.; Gemel, Christian; Fischer, Roland A. (2014). "The Intermetalloid Cluster [(Cp*AlCu)6H4], Embedding a Cu6 Core Inside an Octahedral Al6 Shell: Molecular Models of Hume–Rothery Nanophases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (30): 7943–7947. doi:10.1002/anie.201402149. PMID24962074.
[Ag12Au1(Pz(CF3)2)6(CCPh)8)]-
Zheng, Ji; Wang, Jia-Nan; Wang, Ting; Wu, Kun; Wei, Rong-Jia; Lu, Weigang; Li, Dan (2021). "Phosphorescent Metal Rotaxane-like Bimetallic Ag/Au Clusters". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 125 (17): 9400–9410. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00621.
[Ag12Au1(Pz(CF3)2)6(CCPhF)8)]-
Zheng, Ji; Wang, Jia-Nan; Wang, Ting; Wu, Kun; Wei, Rong-Jia; Lu, Weigang; Li, Dan (2021). "Phosphorescent Metal Rotaxane-like Bimetallic Ag/Au Clusters". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 125 (17): 9400–9410. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00621.
[Ag12Au1(Pz(CF3)2)6(CCPhOMe)8)]-
Zheng, Ji; Wang, Jia-Nan; Wang, Ting; Wu, Kun; Wei, Rong-Jia; Lu, Weigang; Li, Dan (2021). "Phosphorescent Metal Rotaxane-like Bimetallic Ag/Au Clusters". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 125 (17): 9400–9410. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00621.
[Au13Cu2(PPh3)6(SPy)6)]+
Yang, Huayan; Wang, Yu; Lei, Jing; Shi, Lei; Wu, Xiaohu; Mäkinen, Ville; Lin, Shuichao; Tang, Zichao; He, Jian; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Lansun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2013). "Ligand-Stabilized Au13Cux ( x = 2, 4, 8) Bimetallic Nanoclusters: Ligand Engineering to Control the Exposure of Metal Sites". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135 (26): 9568–9571. doi:10.1021/ja402249s. PMID23789787.
Copley, Royston C. B.; Hill, Christopher M.; Mingos, D. Michael P. (1995). "Synthesis and structural characterization of [Au2Pd14(?3-CO)7(?2-CO)2(PMe3)11](PF6)2?An icosahedrally-based high nuclearity mixed metal cluster". Journal of Cluster Science. 6: 71–91. doi:10.1007/BF01175837.
[Au13Cu4(PPh2Py)4(SC6H4-tBu)8)]+
Yang, Huayan; Wang, Yu; Lei, Jing; Shi, Lei; Wu, Xiaohu; Mäkinen, Ville; Lin, Shuichao; Tang, Zichao; He, Jian; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Lansun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2013). "Ligand-Stabilized Au13Cux ( x = 2, 4, 8) Bimetallic Nanoclusters: Ligand Engineering to Control the Exposure of Metal Sites". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135 (26): 9568–9571. doi:10.1021/ja402249s. PMID23789787.
Song, Yongbo; Weng, Shiyin; Li, Hao; Yu, Haizhu; Zhu, Manzhou (2019). "The Structure of a Au7Cu12 Bimetal Nanocluster and Its Strong Emission". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (11): 7136–7140. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00547. PMID31094521.
[Pd16Ni4(CO)22(PPh3)4]2-
Kawano, Masaki; Bacon, Jeffrey W.; Campana, Charles F.; Winger, Brian E.; Dudek, James D.; Sirchio, Scott A.; Scruggs, Sabrina L.; Geiser, Urs; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-Nuclearity Close-Packed Palladium-Nickel Carbonyl Phosphine Clusters: Heteropalladium [Pd16Ni4(CO)22(PPH3)4]2-and [Pd33Ni9(CO)41(PPH3)6]4-Containing Pseudo- Td CCP Pd16Ni4and Pseudo- D3h HCP Pd33Ni9Cores". Inorganic Chemistry. 40 (11): 2554–2569. doi:10.1021/ic000979p. PMID11350234.
[Au13Cu8(PPh2Py)12]+
Yang, Huayan; Wang, Yu; Lei, Jing; Shi, Lei; Wu, Xiaohu; Mäkinen, Ville; Lin, Shuichao; Tang, Zichao; He, Jian; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Lansun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2013). "Ligand-Stabilized Au13Cux ( x = 2, 4, 8) Bimetallic Nanoclusters: Ligand Engineering to Control the Exposure of Metal Sites". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135 (26): 9568–9571. doi:10.1021/ja402249s. PMID23789787.
Au20Ag(S-tBu)15
Yang, Sha; Chai, Jinsong; Song, Yongbo; Fan, Jiqiang; Chen, Tao; Wang, Shuxin; Yu, Haizhu; Li, Xiaowu; Zhu, Manzhou (2017). "In Situ Two-Phase Ligand Exchange: A New Method for the Synthesis of Alloy Nanoclusters with Precise Atomic Structures". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (16): 5668–5671. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b00668. PMID28383901.
Au16Ag5(S-tBu)15
Yang, Sha; Chai, Jinsong; Song, Yongbo; Fan, Jiqiang; Chen, Tao; Wang, Shuxin; Yu, Haizhu; Li, Xiaowu; Zhu, Manzhou (2017). "In Situ Two-Phase Ligand Exchange: A New Method for the Synthesis of Alloy Nanoclusters with Precise Atomic Structures". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (16): 5668–5671. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b00668. PMID28383901.
Au16Cu5(S-tBu)15
Yang, Sha; Chai, Jinsong; Song, Yongbo; Fan, Jiqiang; Chen, Tao; Wang, Shuxin; Yu, Haizhu; Li, Xiaowu; Zhu, Manzhou (2017). "In Situ Two-Phase Ligand Exchange: A New Method for the Synthesis of Alloy Nanoclusters with Precise Atomic Structures". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (16): 5668–5671. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b00668. PMID28383901.
Au22Cd(SAdm)16
Li, Yingwei; Cowan, Michael J.; Zhou, Meng; Luo, Tian-Yi; Song, Yongbo; Wang, He; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Mpourmpakis, Giannis; Jin, Rongchao (2020). "Atom-by-Atom Evolution of the Same Ligand-Protected Au21, Au22, Au22Cd1, and Au24 Nanocluster Series". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (48): 20426–20433. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c09110. PMID33170677.
[PdAg24(SPhCl2)18]2–
Yan, Juanzhu; Su, Haifeng; Yang, Huayan; Malola, Sami; Lin, Shuichao; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2015). "Total Structure and Electronic Structure Analysis of Doped Thiolated Silver [MAg24(SR)18]2– (M = Pd, Pt) Clusters". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (37): 11880–11883. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b07186. PMID26351859.
[PtAg24(SPhCl2)18]2–
Yan, Juanzhu; Su, Haifeng; Yang, Huayan; Malola, Sami; Lin, Shuichao; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2015). "Total Structure and Electronic Structure Analysis of Doped Thiolated Silver [MAg24(SR)18]2– (M = Pd, Pt) Clusters". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (37): 11880–11883. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b07186. PMID26351859.
Au24Cd(PET)18
Wang, Shuxin; Song, Yongbo; Jin, Shan; Liu, Xia; Zhang, Jun; Pei, Yong; Meng, Xiangming; Chen, Man; Li, Peng; Zhu, Manzhou (2015). "Metal Exchange Method Using Au25Nanoclusters as Templates for Alloy Nanoclusters with Atomic Precision". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (12): 4018–4021. doi:10.1021/ja511635g. PMID25799517.
[Au13Ag12(PPh3)10Cl8]+
Liu, Lingli; Song, Yongbo; Chong, Hanbao; Yang, Sha; Xiang, Ji; Jin, Shan; Kang, Xi; Zhang, Jun; Yu, Haizhu; Zhu, Manzhou (2016). "Size-confined growth of atom-precise nanoclusters in metal–organic frameworks and their catalytic applications". Nanoscale. 8 (3): 1407–1412. Bibcode:2016Nanos...8.1407L. doi:10.1039/C5NR06930K. PMID26669234.
Chai, Jinsong; Yang, Sha; Lv, Ying; Chong, Hanbao; Yu, Haizhu; Zhu, Manzhou (2019). "Exposing the Delocalized Cu−S π Bonds on the Au24Cu6(SPH t Bu)22 Nanocluster and Its Application in Ring-Opening Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (44): 15671–15674. doi:10.1002/anie.201907609. PMID31437333.
Au30–xAgx(S-tBu)18
Wijesinghe, Kalpani Hirunika; Sakthivel, Naga Arjun; Jones, Tanya; Dass, Amala (2020). "Crystal Structure of Au30– xAgx(S- t Bu)18 and Effect of the Ligand on Ag Alloying in Gold Nanomolecules". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 11 (15): 6312–6319. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01330. PMID32700914.
Au30-xAgx(S-tBu)18
Li, Yingwei; Taylor, Michael G.; Luo, Tian-Yi; Song, Yongbo; Rosi, Nathaniel L.; Mpourmpakis, Giannis; Jin, Rongchao (2020). "Heteroatom Tracing Reveals the 30-Atom Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanocluster as a Dimeric Structure". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 11 (17): 7307–7312. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01977. PMID32787300.
Pd29Ni3(CO)22(PMe3)13
Tran, Nguyet T.; Kawano, Masaki; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-nuclearity palladium carbonyl trimethylphosphine clusters containing unprecedented face-condensed icosahedral-based transition-metal core geometries: Proposed growth patterns from a centered Pd13 icosahedron†". Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (19): 2731–2748. doi:10.1039/B103547A.
[Pt2Cu34(PET)22Cl4]2-
Lee, Sanghwa; Bootharaju, Megalamane S.; Deng, Guocheng; Malola, Sami; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng; Hyeon, Taeghwan (2021). "[Pt2Cu34(PET)22Cl4]2–: An Atomically Precise, 10-Electron PtCu Bimetal Nanocluster with a Direct Pt–Pt Bond". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 143 (31): 12100–12107. doi:10.1021/jacs.1c04002. PMID34314590.
[Cu3Au34(PPh3)13(SCH2PhtBu)6S2]3+
Yang, Sha; Chai, Jinsong; Chen, Tao; Rao, Bo; Pan, Yiting; Yu, Haizhu; Zhu, Manzhou (2017). "Crystal Structures of Two New Gold–Copper Bimetallic Nanoclusters: CuxAu25– x(PPH3)10(PHC2H4S)5Cl22+ and Cu3Au34(PPH3)13(tBuPhCH2S)6S23+". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (4): 1771–1774. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02016. PMID28140578.
Au34Ag4(SCH2CH2Ph)24
Kumara, Chanaka; Gagnon, Kevin J.; Dass, Amala (2015). "X-ray Crystal Structure of Au38– xAgx(SCH2CH2Ph)24 Alloy Nanomolecules". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 6 (7): 1223–1228. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00270. PMID26262976.
Au37Cu(2,4-(CH3)2C6H3S)24
Chai, Jinsong; Lv, Ying; Yang, Sha; Song, Yongbo; Zan, Xiaofeng; Li, Qinzhen; Yu, Haizhu; Wu, Mingzai; Zhu, Manzhou (2017). "X-ray Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Au38– xCux(2,4-(CH3)2C6H3S)24 ( x = 0–6) Alloy Nanocluster". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 121 (39): 21665–21669. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b05074.
[Pd33Ni9(CO)41(PPh3)6]4-
Kawano, Masaki; Bacon, Jeffrey W.; Campana, Charles F.; Winger, Brian E.; Dudek, James D.; Sirchio, Scott A.; Scruggs, Sabrina L.; Geiser, Urs; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2001). "High-Nuclearity Close-Packed Palladium-Nickel Carbonyl Phosphine Clusters: Heteropalladium [Pd16Ni4(CO)22(PPH3)4]2-and [Pd33Ni9(CO)41(PPH3)6]4-Containing Pseudo- Td CCP Pd16Ni4and Pseudo- D3h HCP Pd33Ni9Cores". Inorganic Chemistry. 40 (11): 2554–2569. doi:10.1021/ic000979p. PMID11350234.
[Ag28Cu12(S(PhCl2))24]4–
Yan, Juanzhu; Su, Haifeng; Yang, Huayan; Hu, Chengyi; Malola, Sami; Lin, Shuichao; Teo, Boon K.; Häkkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng (2016). "Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Bimetallic [Ag28Cu12(SR)24]4– Nanoclusters via Ion Pairing". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (39): 12751–12754. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b08100. PMID27626935.
Zhang, Xin; Yang, Hua-Yan; Zhao, Xiao-Jing; Wang, Yu; Zheng, Nan-Feng (2014). "The effects of surface ligands and counter cations on the stability of anionic thiolated M12Ag32 (M=Au, Ag) nanoclusters". Chinese Chemical Letters. 25 (6): 839–843. doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2014.05.027.
[Au12Ag32(SPhCF3)30]4-
Zhang, Xin; Yang, Hua-Yan; Zhao, Xiao-Jing; Wang, Yu; Zheng, Nan-Feng (2014). "The effects of surface ligands and counter cations on the stability of anionic thiolated M12Ag32 (M=Au, Ag) nanoclusters". Chinese Chemical Letters. 25 (6): 839–843. doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2014.05.027.
[Au10Ag34(SC6H3F2)30]4–
Su, Haifeng; Wang, Yu; Ren, Liting; Yuan, Peng; Teo, Boon K.; Lin, Shuichao; Zheng, Lansun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2019). "Fractal Patterns in Nucleation and Growth of Icosahedral Core of [AunAg44– n(SC6H3F2)30]4– ( n = 0–12) via ab Initio Synthesis: Continuously Tunable Composition Control". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 259–264. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02249. PMID30582690.
[Au12Ag32(SC6H3F2)30]4–
Su, Haifeng; Wang, Yu; Ren, Liting; Yuan, Peng; Teo, Boon K.; Lin, Shuichao; Zheng, Lansun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2019). "Fractal Patterns in Nucleation and Growth of Icosahedral Core of [AunAg44– n(SC6H3F2)30]4– ( n = 0–12) via ab Initio Synthesis: Continuously Tunable Composition Control". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 259–264. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02249. PMID30582690.
Zeng, Jiu-Lian; Guan, Zong-Jie; Du, Yang; Nan, Zi-Ang; Lin, Yu-Mei; Wang, Quan-Ming (2016). "Chloride-Promoted Formation of a Bimetallic Nanocluster Au80Ag30 and the Total Structure Determination". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (25): 7848–7851. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b04471. PMID27285954.
Au57Ag53(C≡CPh)40Br12
Guan, Zong-Jie; Zeng, Jiu-Lian; Yuan, Shang-Fu; Hu, Feng; Lin, Yu-Mei; Wang, Quan-Ming (2018). "Au57Ag53(C≡CPH)40Br12: A Large Nanocluster with C1 Symmetry". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (20): 5703–5707. doi:10.1002/anie.201801261. PMID29575416.
[Au74Ag60(C≡CPh)40Br12]2−
Yuan, Xiting; Malola, Sami; Deng, Guocheng; Chen, Fengjiao; Häkkinen, Hannu; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Lansun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2021). "Atomically Precise Alkynyl- and Halide-Protected AuAg Nanoclusters Au78Ag66(C≡CPH)48Cl8 and Au74Ag60(C≡CPH)40Br12: The Ligation Effects of Halides". Inorganic Chemistry. 60 (6): 3529–3533. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03462. PMID33615777.
[Au78Ag66(C≡CPh)48Cl8]q−
Yuan, Xiting; Malola, Sami; Deng, Guocheng; Chen, Fengjiao; Häkkinen, Hannu; Teo, Boon K.; Zheng, Lansun; Zheng, Nanfeng (2021). "Atomically Precise Alkynyl- and Halide-Protected AuAg Nanoclusters Au78Ag66(C≡CPH)48Cl8 and Au74Ag60(C≡CPH)40Br12: The Ligation Effects of Halides". Inorganic Chemistry. 60 (6): 3529–3533. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03462. PMID33615777.
Pd164-xPtx(CO)72(PPh3)20
Mednikov, Evgueni G.; Jewell, Matthew C.; Dahl, Lawrence F. (2007). "Nanosized (μ12-Pt)Pd164-x Pt x (CO)72(PPH3)20( x ≈ 7) Containing Pt-Centered Four-Shell 165-Atom Pd−Pt Core with Unprecedented Intershell Bridging Carbonyl Ligands: Comparative Analysis of Icosahedral Shell-Growth Patterns with Geometrically Related Pd145(CO) x (PEt3)30( x ≈ 60) Containing Capped Three-Shell Pd145Core". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 129 (37): 11619–11630. doi:10.1021/ja073945q. PMID17722929.
Partially experimentally determined
Table of partially experimentally determined structures of MPCs.
Formula
References
Ag29(LA)12∩CB1
Nag, Abhijit; Chakraborty, Papri; Thacharon, Athira; Paramasivam, Ganesan; Mondal, Biswajit; Bodiuzzaman, Mohammad; Pradeep, Thalappil (2020). "Atomically Precise Noble Metal Cluster-Assembled Superstructures in Water: Luminescence Enhancement and Sensing". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 124 (40): 22298–22303. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06770.
Ag29(LA)12@β-CD1
Nag, Abhijit; Chakraborty, Papri; Thacharon, Athira; Paramasivam, Ganesan; Mondal, Biswajit; Bodiuzzaman, Mohammad; Pradeep, Thalappil (2020). "Atomically Precise Noble Metal Cluster-Assembled Superstructures in Water: Luminescence Enhancement and Sensing". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 124 (40): 22298–22303. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06770.
Azubel, Maia; Koh, Ai Leen; Koyasu, Kiichirou; Tsukuda, Tatsuya; Kornberg, Roger D. (2017). "Structure Determination of a Water-Soluble 144-Gold Atom Particle at Atomic Resolution by Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy". ACS Nano. 11 (12): 11866–11871. doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b06051. PMID29136369.
References
^ abTatsuya Tsukuda and Hannu Häkkinen. Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications. Elsevier Ltd. 2015, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ISBN978-0-08-100086-1
^Maity, Prasenjit; Tsunoyama, Hironori; Yamauchi, Miho; Xie, Songhai; Tsukuda, Tatsuya (2011). "Organogold Clusters Protected by Phenylacetylene". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (50): 20123–20125. doi:10.1021/ja209236n. PMID22082045.
^Hurst, Eleanor C.; Wilson, Karen; Fairlamb, Ian J. S.; Chechik, Victor (2009). "N-Heterocyclic carbene coated metal nanoparticles". New Journal of Chemistry. 33 (9): 1837. doi:10.1039/B905559B.
Pihlajamäki, Antti; Malola, Sami; Häkkinen, Hannu (24 May 2024). "Creating a Catalog of the Crystal Structures of Monolayer-Protected Clusters". ChemRxiv. doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-kxjpb. this work
