Maurice J. Tobin

Maurice Tobin
Maurice Tobin
	Tobin in 1951
6th United States Secretary of Labor
	In office; August 13, 1948 – January 20, 1953
President	Harry S. Truman
Preceded by	Lewis B. Schwellenbach
Succeeded by	Martin Durkin
56th Governor of Massachusetts
	In office; January 4, 1945 – January 2, 1947
Lieutenant	Robert F. Bradford
Preceded by	Leverett Saltonstall
Succeeded by	Robert F. Bradford
46th Mayor of Boston
	In office; January 3, 1938 – January 4, 1945
Preceded by	Frederick Mansfield
Succeeded by	John E. Kerrigan (acting)
Personal details
Born	Maurice Joseph Tobin; May 22, 1901; Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	July 19, 1953 (aged 52); Scituate, Massachusetts, U.S.
Resting place	Holyhood Cemetery
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Helen Noonan (m. 1932)
Children	3
Education	Boston College ([evening classes])

Maurice Joseph Tobin (May 22, 1901 – July 19, 1953) was an American politician serving as 46th Mayor of Boston, the 56th Governor of Massachusetts and 6th United States Secretary of Labor. He was a member of the Democratic Party and a liberal that supported the New Deal and Fair Deal programs, and was outspoken in his support for labor unions. However, he had little success battling against the conservative majorities in the Massachusetts legislature, and the U.S. Congress.^[4]

Early life and career

Tobin was born in Mission Hill, Boston, Massachusetts on May 22, 1901. Deeply rooted in the highly politicized Irish Catholic community, he was the oldest of four children of James Tobin, a carpenter, and Margaret Daly. He took evening classes^[5] at Boston College and worked for Conway Leather and New England Telephone before entering politics as a protégé of the legendary James Michael Curley. Tobin was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives at the age of 25 and served from 1927 to 1929.

On November 19, 1932, Tobin married the former Helen Noonan (1906-1987) in Brighton, Massachusetts, with whom he had three children. He served on the Boston School Committee from 1931 to 1937, before shocking the political establishment by defeating Curley in the 1937 race for Mayor of Boston.^[6]

Mayoralty

Tobin was elected mayor of Boston in 1937. He was reelected in 1941. He served as mayor from 1938 to 1945, during which time he advocated the Fair Employment Practices Bill, which prohibited discrimination based on race, color, creed, and national origin in hiring or promotion practices.^{[citation needed]} He was fiscally conservative, choosing to forgo the large public works projects that had characterized the Curley administration, and he smoothed over previously contentious battles with the federal government over access to New Deal relief funding.^[7] The Huntington Avenue subway, a WPA project begun in 1936 and one of its largest projects undertaken, was completed under his administration in 1941.^[8] In 1941, the Boston Housing Authority began clearing the land for the whites-only West Broadway Housing Development (which would open in 1949).^[9]^[10]

During his tenure as mayor, the Cocoanut Grove fire occurred in Boston. Prior to the fire, club owner Barney Welansky boasted that that club had not needed to adhere to fire codes because Tobin would not permit his club to be closed. Welansky was convicted of manslaughter, and Tobin himself only narrowly escaped indictment. Four years into Welansky's sentence, then-Governor Tobin pardoned him.^[11]

Governorship

In 1944, Mayor Tobin was elected governor of Massachusetts, defeating the Republican nominee, Lieutenant Governor Horace T. Cahill. He served one term as governor from 1945 to 1947. Tobin proposed a liberal agenda that was not accepted by the Republican-controlled Massachusetts legislature. He called for additional unemployment benefits, veterans benefits, rent control, and laws to end racial discrimination in hiring. He was a strong supporter of labor unions. In 1946, he was defeated for re-election by his Republican opponent, Lieutenant Governor Robert F. Bradford.^[12]^[6]

Secretary of Labor

Governor Tobin remained active in Democratic politics, however, and campaigned vigorously for President Truman in 1948. Tobin repeatedly denounced the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, making 150 speeches against it in the 1948 election campaign. He argued that it was bad for workers. Upon Truman's reelection, Tobin was appointed as U.S. Secretary of Labor, a position he held until the close of the Truman Administration in January 1953.

Tobin discovered that the Department of Labor had minimal influence; it did not control the National Labor Relations Board, or the Mediation Service, which were more influential. In 1949 he had president Truman transfer the United States Employment Service and the Unemployment Insurance Service to his department. He also managed to move several smaller bureaus, and he created a Federal Safety Council. Although the Democrats regained control of Congress in 1948 election, the Conservatives were still dominant and Tobin and Truman were unable to repeal Taft-Hartley.

Tobin's most notable deed as Labor Secretary came in the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1949, which increased the minimum wage to 75 cents an hour, and strengthened the prohibitions on child labor. Tobin played a role during the Korean War in coordinating defense manpower needs. However, in the steel strike of 1952, Tobin came out on the side of the unions, saying that "the time for impartiality" had passed, and that the unions were justified in their wartime strike. In 1951, Tobin attacked Senator Joseph McCarthy, a fellow Irish Catholic, calling on fellow Catholics to repudiate McCarthy's "campaign of terror against free thought in the United States."^[13]

Later months and death

Shortly after he left his position in the Truman cabinet in January 1953, Tobin died of a heart attack on July 19, 1953, at his summer home in Scituate, Massachusetts, at the age of 52.^[4] He is buried in Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts. His funeral was attended by Senator John F. Kennedy.

Legacy

A men's dormitory facility on the Long Island Hospital campus on Long Island in Boston Harbor is dedicated to Tobin. The Tobin Building's cornerstone was laid on November 9, 1940.^[14] In 1967, the Mystic River Bridge was renamed the Maurice J. Tobin Memorial Bridge. An elementary school is named after Tobin in the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, where he was born.^[15] The Psychology Department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst is located in Tobin Hall.

References

^ "Tobin Becomes State's 53d Governor Today". The Boston Globe. January 4, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2018 – via pqarchiver.com.
^ "Tobin Becomes Mayor Today, Notables to Attend Ceremony". The Boston Globe. January 3, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2018 – via pqarchiver.com.
^ "Kerrigan Faces Busy Day as Boston's Acting Mayor". The Boston Globe. January 5, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2018 – via pqarchiver.com.
^ ^a ^b "Tobin Dies of Heart Attack. Ex-Labor Secretary was 52". The Day. Associated Press. July 20, 1953. Retrieved 2012-10-16. Former Secretary of Labor Maurice Tobin, one-time Democratic governor of Massachusetts and twice mayor of Boston, died of a heart attack in the arms of ...
^ "The Catholic Northwest Progress 24 July 1953 — Washington Digital Newspapers". washingtondigitalnewspapers.org. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
^ ^a ^b Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. Political Profiles: The Truman Years (1978) pp 553-54
^ Trout, pp. 145, 170
^ Trout, p. 169
^ Rothstein, Richard (2017). The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-1631494536.
^ Lawrence J. Vale, From the Puritans to the Projects: Public Housing and Public Neighbors, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard, 2000, ISBN 9780674002869, pp. 187, 246.
^ John C. Esposito, Fire in the Grove: The Cocoanut Grove Tragedy And Its Aftermath, 1st ed., Da Capo Press, 2005. ISBN 0-306-81423-4
^ Vincent A. Lapomarda, The Boston Mayor Who Became Truman's Secretary of Labor: Maurice J. Tobin and the Democratic Party, (1995).
^ Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. Political Profiles: The Truman Years (1978) p 554
^ The date is written on a dedicatory plaque on the Tobin Building.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2007-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Sources

Lapomarda, Vincent A. The Boston Mayor Who Became Truman's Secretary of Labor: Maurice J. Tobin and the Democratic Party, Peter Lang Publishing, 1995. ISBN 0-8204-2448-X
Schoenebaum, Eleonora W., ed. Political Profiles: The Truman Years (1978)
Trout, Charles H (1977). Boston: The Great Depression and the New Deal. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195021905. OCLC 185503039.

External links

U.S. Department of Labor Biography
A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Maurice J. Tobin" is available for viewing at the Internet Archive
Tobin election results at ourcampaigns.com
Maurice J. Tobin at Find a Grave

Political offices
Preceded by Frederick Mansfield	Mayor of Boston 1938–1945	Succeeded by John E. Kerrigan
Preceded by Leverett Saltonstall	Governor of Massachusetts 1945–1947	Succeeded by Robert Bradford
Preceded by Lewis B. Schwellenbach	United States Secretary of Labor 1948–1953	Succeeded by Martin Durkin
Party political offices
Preceded by Roger Putnam	Democratic nominee for Governor of Massachusetts 1944, 1946	Succeeded by Paul A. Dever