Marseillevirus

Marseillevirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Varidnaviria
Kingdom: Bamfordvirae
Phylum: Nucleocytoviricota
Class: Megaviricetes
Order: Pimascovirales
Family: Marseilleviridae
Genus: Marseillevirus

Marseillevirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Marseilleviridae. There are two species in this genus.[1][2] It is the prototype of a family of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) of eukaryotes (commonly known as Giant Viruses). It was isolated from amoeba.[3]

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:[2]

History

The virus is named after the French town of Marseille.[citation needed]

Since the description of the first virus in this family several others have been discovered. These have been named after the area they were discovered. This family includes Brazilian Marseillevirus, Cannes 8 virus, Insectomime virus, Lausannevirus, Melbournevirus, Port-Miou virus, Senegalvirus, Tunisvirus and Tokyovirus.[citation needed]

Structure

Viruses in Marseillevirus have icosahedral geometries. The diameter is around 250 nm. The genome has 457 open reading frames and is circular.[1] The genome has a length of 368 kb,[1] with a G+C content of 44.73%. It encodes a minimum of 49 proteins.[citation needed]

The genome of the virus includes typical NCLDV core genes and genes apparently obtained from eukaryotic hosts and their parasites or symbionts, both bacterial and viral, through probably horizontal gene transfer mechanism.[citation needed]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Marseillevirus Icosahedral Circular

Life cycle

Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Amoeba serve as the natural host.[1]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Marseillevirus Amoeba None Fusion Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Diffusion in Water

See also

Other giant viruses:

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  3. ^ Boyer, Mickaël; Yutin, Natalya; Pagnier, Isabelle; Barrassi, Lina; Fournous, Ghislain; Espinosa, Leon; Robert, Catherine; Azza, Saïd; Sun, Siyang; Rossmann, Michael G.; Suzan-Monti, Marie; La Scola, Bernard; Koonin, Eugene V.; Raoult, Didier (2009). "Giant Marseillevirus highlights the role of amoebae as a melting pot in emergence of chimeric microorganisms". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (51): 21848–53. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10621848B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911354106. PMC 2799887. PMID 20007369.