Mahurangi Harbour

Mahurangi Harbour
Mahurangi Harbour
Location	Auckland Region, New Zealand
Coordinates	36°27′45″S 174°43′21″E
River sources	Mahurangi River, Te Kapa River, Duck Creek, Dyers Creek, Hepburn Creek
Ocean/sea sources	Pacific Ocean
Basin countries	New Zealand
Islands	Casnell Island, Grants Island, Pudding Island
Settlements	Mahurangi West, Pukapuka, Pohuehue, Snells Beach, Scotts Landing, Warkworth

Location and extent of Mahurangi Harbour

Mahurangi Harbour is a natural harbour in New Zealand. It is located on the north-eastern coast of the Auckland Region near the town of Warkworth, and empties into the Hauraki Gulf.

Geography

The Mahurangi Harbour is a drowned river valley. Approximately 17,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Period when sea levels were significantly lower, the freshwater Mahurangi River flowed into the vast coastal plain that existed where the modern Hauraki Gulf exists. The river met the Waitematā Harbour (then a river) east of Kawau Island, and flowed north-east between modern day Little Barrier Island and Great Barrier Island, eventually emptying into the Pacific Ocean north of Great Barrier Island.[1] The modern harbour formed approximately 7,200 years ago at the end of the last glacial maximum, when the forested valley was flooded by rising sea levels.[2]

Land use within the harbour's catchment basin has been changing, and as of 2013^[update] models predict an increase in sedimentation.[3] A number of settlements are found along the shores of the harbour: Mahurangi West, Pukapuka, Pohuehue, Snells Beach and Scotts Landing. The major town of Warkworth is located along the Mahurangi River, a tidal estuary of the harbour. The Mahurangi Regional Park is located at the headlands on either side of the entrance to the harbour.[2]

History

The Mahurangi Harbour was settled by the Ngāti Rongo people of Ngāti Whātua/Te Kawerau descent, between the 17th and 20th centuries. Te Muri, to the south of the harbour's mouth, was a major settlement of Ngāti Rongo until the death of rangatira Te Hemara Tauhia in 1891. Sea captain John Sullivan moved to the area in the 1870s, settling at Otarawao and marrying Merehai Kaipuke, a Ngāti Rongo woman of high birth.[2] Their family farmed the area for over a century.[2] After being extensively hunted in the 19th century, southern right whales have returned and can again sometimes be seen in Mahurangi Harbour.[4]

References

1. "Estuary origins". National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
2. Cameron, Ewen; Hayward, Bruce; Murdoch, Graeme (2008). A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage (rev. ed.). Random House New Zealand. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-86962-1513.
3. de Juan, S.; Hewitt, J. (February 2014). "Spatial and temporal variability in species richness in a temperate intertidal community". Ecography. 37 (2): 183–190. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00048.x.
4. Reid, Aniela; van Halderen, Lisa (2013). Impact of Deep Sea Oil Development on New Zealand marine wildlife (PDF) (Technical report). Department of Zoology, University of Otago. 268. Retrieved 8 September 2022.