Luther Cressman

Luther Cressman
Cressman at Fort Rock Cave, Oregon, 1966
Born
Luther Sheeleigh Cressman

(1897-10-24)October 24, 1897
Pottstown, Pennsylvania, US
DiedApril 4, 1994(1994-04-04) (aged 96)
Eugene, Oregon, US
Alma materPennsylvania State University (B.A.)
Columbia University (M.A., Ph.D.)
Occupation(s)Field archaeologist, professor, sociologist
Spouses
Margaret Mead
​
​
(m. 1923; div. 1927)​
Dorothy Cecelia Loch
​
​
(m. 1928; died 1977)​
Children1 daughter
Awards
Luther Cressman
Priest
ChurchEpiscopal
Term ended1928
Orders
Ordination1923

Luther Sheeleigh Cressman (October 24, 1897 – April 4, 1994) was an American field archaeologist, most widely known for his discoveries at Paleo-Indian sites such as Fort Rock Cave and Paisley Caves, sites related to the early settlement of the Americas.

Early years

Cressman was born outside of Pottstown, Pennsylvania, the son of a physician. He was ordained an Episcopal priest in 1923. Majoring in Classics, he graduated with a B.A. degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1918.[1] Feeling doubts about his vocation, he began studying sociology and anthropology at Columbia University in New York. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1928, and that same year, he left the priesthood.

Career

In 1929, he took a position as Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon.[2] The Department of Anthropology was founded by him six years later. His first hire for the department was Homer Barnett. Cressman was the chair of the department from 1935 until his retirement in 1963.

He was the first professional archaeologist to excavate the Paisley Caves in 1938[3] and this research became his most significant discovery, when at the same year he discovered a pair of perfectly preserved shredded sagebrush bark sandals at Fort Rock in Oregon that were radiocarbon dated from 10,500 to 9,300 years old, making them the oldest footwear ever discovered.[4]

As late as 1962 he taught an Introduction to Anthropology course with another professor. At the first lecture the younger professor said he struggled with how to address Dr. Cressman. They were peers by PhDs so it would have been all right to use his first name but since Cressman was greatly senior he said it didn't seem right to call him Lou, and left it there. Dr. Cressman pointed out he didn't tell us what he called him. Dr. Cressman said, "He calls me, 'Doc'."

The Fort Rock Sandals, which Cressman discovered in 1938

His autobiography A Golden Journey: Memoirs of an Archaeologist was awarded the 1989 Oregon Book Award for literary nonfiction.

Personal life

Cressman married anthropologist Margaret Mead in 1923; the couple divorced in 1927. He married Dorothy Cecelia Loch in 1928. They had one daughter and were married for 49 years, until her death in 1977.[5]

Cressman died on April 4, 1994, in Eugene, Oregon. A memorial service was held at Gerlinger Hall on the UO campus on April 21 of that year.[6]

Selected publications

  • Klamath Prehistory (1956, OCLC 1574790)
  • The Sandal and the Cave (1962; 1981 reprint, ISBN 0870710788)
  • Prehistory of the Far West: Homes of Vanished Peoples (1977, ISBN 0874801133)
  • A Golden Journey: Memoirs of an Archaeologist (1988, ISBN 0874802938)

Awards

References

Specific citations

  1. ^ "Oregon Encyclopedia: Luther Cressman - Anthropologist". www.oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
  2. ^ "Origin of the Department | Department of Anthropology". anthropology.uoregon.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  3. ^ Smith, Geoffrey M.; Duke, Daron; Jenkins, Dennis L.; Goebel, Ted; Davis, Loren G.; O’Grady, Patrick; Stueber, Dan; Pratt, Jordan E.; Smith, Heather L. (2019-09-06). "The Western Stemmed Tradition: Problems and Prospects in Paleoindian Archaeology in the Intermountain West". PaleoAmerica. 6 (1): 23–42. doi:10.1080/20555563.2019.1653153. ISSN 2055-5563.
  4. ^ "World's Oldest Shoes In Oregon – 10,000-Year-Old Sandals Found In 1938 Among 70 Pairs Unearthed Within Cave". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. 1999-12-01. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  5. ^ "UNIVERSITY of OREGON ASSEMBLY Minutes 4 May 1994". University of Oregon. 2012-06-16. Archived from the original on 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  6. ^ "Luther Cressman". The Eugene Register-Guard. Lane County, Oregon. April 13, 1994. ISSN 0739-8557. OCLC 9836354.

General references

  • Luther Cressman at the Minnesota State University, Mankato
  • Bishop B. "Northwest Archaeologist Luther Cressman, 96, Dies". Eugene Register Grand 7 April 1994.
  • Dana T. " Oregon’s Luther Cressman Harbors no Regrets from Archaeological Storm". Oregonian 19 March 1987.
  • Ellis B., Dank H., "Anthropologist Luther Cressman Dies at age 96". Oregonian 8 April 1994.
  • Travis–Cline, S. "Remembering the Golden Journey". Oregon Heritage 1994.