List of wars involving Panama

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Panama from the colonial period to the modern era.

Colonial era

Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604):

• Drake's Assault on Panama (1596)
• Capture of Portobello (1601)

Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729): Blockade of Porto Bello (1726 – 1728)

War of Jenkins' Ear: Battle of Porto Bello (1739)

Independence era

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Gran Colombia–Peru War (1828–1829)	Gran Colombia Panama	Peru	Stalemate Peruvian land invasion lost momentum after battle of Tarqui; at sea, Peru maintained supremacy after the fall of Guayaquil War came to an end with the signing of the Gual-Larrea treaty and the unexpected coup-de-etat against President La Mar Colombian troops were driven out of Bolivia, Peru recognized the Colombian annexation of Guayaquil and Colombia recognized implicitly Peruvian sovereignty of Tumbes, Jaen and Maynas
Watermelon Riot (1856)	New Granada Panama	United States	Defeat Herrán-Cass Agreement signed New Granadian government established a sum compensation of $412,394 in gold for damages
Panama Crisis (1885)	Panamanian Rebels	Colombia  Chile	Defeat Rebellion suppressed Colón burned
Thousand Days' War (1899–1902)	Colombian Conservative Party	Colombian Liberal Party	Victory War won by conservative government Continuation of the present day Republic of Colombia Resulted in Panamanian independence
World War I (1917–1918)	France  United Kingdom  Russia  United States  Italy  Japan  China  Canada  Australia  New Zealand  India  South Africa  Serbia  Montenegro  Romania  Belgium  Greece  Portugal  Brazil  Cuba  Panama  Guatemala  Nicaragua  Costa Rica  Honduras	Germany  Austria-Hungary  Ottoman Empire  Bulgaria	Victory End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations
Coto War (1921)	Panama	Costa Rica	Defeat Panama ceded Coto to Costa Rica[1]
World War II (1941–1945)	United States  Soviet Union  United Kingdom  China  France  Poland  Canada  Australia  New Zealand  India  South Africa  Yugoslavia  Greece  Denmark  Norway  Netherlands  Belgium  Luxembourg  Czechoslovakia  Brazil  Mexico  Panama  Costa Rica  El Salvador  Guatemala  Honduras  Nicaragua  Dominican Republic  Cuba	Germany  Japan  Italy  Hungary  Romania  Bulgaria  Croatia  Slovakia  Finland  Thailand  Manchukuo  Mengjiang	Victory Collapse of the Third Reich Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War
Cuban invasion of Panama[2] (1959)	Panama	Cuba	Victory Cuban expedition fails
Insurgency in Chiriquí (1968–1971)	Panama	Pro-Arias Guerrillas	Victory Guerrillas defeated
Nicaraguan Revolution (1978-1979)	FSLN EPS MAP-ML MILPAS  Panama	Somoza regime National Guard	Victory Overthrow of Somoza government in 1979 by FSLN forces, with military assistance from Panama's Victoriano Lorenzo Brigade commanded by Hugo Spadafora[3][4] Insurgency of the Contras, with clandestine support from Panamanian military government under Manuel Noriega from 1981-87[5] FSLN junta led by Daniel Ortega take power of Nicaragua in 1981[6] Electoral victory of FSLN in 1984 Electoral victory of the National Opposition Union in 1990
United States Invasion of Panama (1989–1990)	Panama	United States Panamanian Opposition	Defeat Dictator Manuel Noriega deposed

References

1. Tomán, René De La Pedraja. Wars of Latin America, 1899-1941, p. 100. Jefferson, NC: McFarland &, 2006.
2. "Rubén Miró y la invasión de cubanos a Panamá" (in Spanish). Panama City: La Estrella de Panamá. April 22, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
3. Brown, Jonathan C. (2022). "Omar Torrijos and the Sandinista Revolution". The Latin Americanist. 66: 25–45. doi:10.1353/tla.2022.0003. S2CID 247623108.
4. Sánchez Nateras, Gerardo (2018). "The Sandinista Revolution and the Limits of the Cold War in Latin America: The Dilemma of Nonintervention During the Nicaraguan Crisis, 1977–78" (PDF). Cold War History. 18 (2): 111–129. doi:10.1080/14682745.2017.1369046. S2CID 218576606.
5. "The Contras, Cocaine, and Covert Operations". Retrieved 10 April 2015.
6. "Daniel Ortega", Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.), 1993