List of disasters in New York City by death toll
COVID-19 pandemic
September 11, 2001
PS General Slocum
Battle of Long Island
TWA Flight 800
1953 smog
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
Great Blizzard of 1888
Hague Street explosion
Second Orange Riot
Hurricane Sandy
Ninth Avenue derailment
Lexington Avenue explosion
2006 plane crash
Great Fire of New York (1835)
2007 steam explosion
Harlem riot of 1964
US Airways Flight 1549
This is a list of disasters that have occurred in New York City organized by death toll. The list is general and comprehensive, comprising natural disasters (including epidemics ) and man-made disasters both purposeful and accidental. It does not normally include numerous non-notable deadly events such as disease deaths in an ordinary year, nor most deaths due to residential fires, traffic collisions and criminal homicide. Particularly for epidemics, years reflect when the event impacted New York City rather than the world at large.
Year
Event
Type
Death toll
Notes and sources
1983–present
HIV/AIDS epidemic
disease
84,027+
[ 1] [ a]
2020–2023
COVID-19 pandemic
disease
38,795–45,194
[ 3] [ b]
1918–1919
Spanish flu
disease
20,403–33,000
[ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ c]
1849
Third cholera pandemic (1st wave)
disease
5,071
[ 7]
1832
Second cholera pandemic (1st wave)
disease
3,513
[ 7]
2001
September 11 attacks
terrorism
2,753
[ 8]
1854
Third cholera pandemic (2nd wave)
disease
2,509
[ 7]
1798
Yellow fever
disease
2,086
[ 9] [ 10] [ d]
1916
1916 New York City polio epidemic
disease
2,000+
[ 12]
1872
Smallpox epidemic
disease
1,666
[ 7] [ e]
1896
1896 Eastern North America heat wave
weather
1,300
[ 13] [ f]
1866
Fourth cholera pandemic
disease
1,137
[ 7]
1904
PS General Slocum
maritime
1,021
[ 15]
1834
Second cholera pandemic (2nd wave)
disease
971
[ 7]
1972
Heat wave
weather
891
[ 16] [ 17]
1795
Yellow fever
disease
732
[ 9]
1731
Smallpox
disease
549
[ 18]
1702
Yellow fever
disease
500
[ 9]
1776
Battle of Long Island
warfare
364
[ 19]
1963
1963 New York City smog
pollution
300–405
[ 20]
1876
Brooklyn Theatre fire
fire
278+
[ 21] [ g]
2001
American Airlines Flight 587
aircraft
265
[ 24]
1996
TWA Flight 800
aircraft
230
[ 25]
1953
1953 New York City smog
pollution
200–260
[ 20] [ 26]
1966
1966 New York City smog
pollution
168–400
[ 27] [ 28]
1911
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
fire
146
[ 29]
1776
Battle of Fort Washington
warfare
143
[ 30]
1840
Lexington
maritime
139–154
[ h]
1960
Park Slope plane crash
aircraft
134
[ 35] [ 36]
1776
Battle of Harlem Heights
warfare
122
[ 37]
1863
New York City draft riots
mass unrest
119–120
[ 38] [ 39]
1975
Eastern Air Lines Flight 66
aircraft
113
[ 40]
1871
Westfield disaster
maritime
104–125
[ 41] [ 42]
1888
Great Blizzard of 1888
weather
100–200
[ 43] [ 44]
1918
Malbone Street Wreck
rail
93–102
[ 45] [ 46]
1962
American Airlines Flight 1
aircraft
95
[ 47]
1990
Happy Land fire
fire
87
[ 48]
1899
Windsor Hotel fire
fire
86
[ 49] [ i]
1965
Eastern Air Lines Flight 663
aircraft
84
[ 50]
1950
Kew Gardens train crash
rail
78
[ 51]
1932
Observation
maritime
72
[ 52]
1732
Yellow fever
disease
70
[ 18]
1850
Hague Street explosion
explosion
67+
[ 53] [ 54]
1959
American Airlines Flight 320
aircraft
65
[ 55]
1871
Second Orange Riot
mass unrest
62
[ 56]
1891
Park Place disaster
explosion
61
[ 57]
2012
Hurricane Sandy
weather
53
[ 58]
1926
Linseed King
maritime
51–58
[ 59] [ 60]
1852
Henry Clay
maritime
~50
[ 61]
1947
United Airlines Flight 521
aircraft
43
[ 62]
1851
Ninth Ward School disaster
fire
43
[ 63]
1969
February 1969 nor'easter
weather
42
[ 64]
1973
1973 Staten Island gas explosion
explosion
40
[ 65]
1643
Massacre at Corlears Hook
warfare
40
[ 66]
1920
Wall Street bombing
terrorism
38
[ 67]
1946
Knickerbocker Ice Company disaster
fire
37
[ 68]
1741
New York Conspiracy of 1741
mass unrest
34
[ 69]
1966
New York Harbor tanker collision
maritime
33
[ 70]
1845
Great New York City Fire of 1845
fire
30
[ 71]
1712
New York Slave Revolt of 1712
mass unrest
29–36
[ j]
1892
Hotel Royal fire
fire
28
[ 76]
1992
USAir Flight 405
aircraft
27
[ 77]
1923
Manhattan State Hospital fire
fire
27
[ 78]
1954
Alitalia Flight 451
aircraft
26
[ 79]
1976
Puerto Rican Social Club fire
fire
25
[ 80]
1962
Eastern Air Lines Flight 512
aircraft
25
[ 81]
1958
Monarch Underwear Company fire
fire
24
[ 80]
1880
Seawanhaka disaster
maritime
24–35
[ 82] [ 83]
1962
New York Telephone Company boiler explosion
explosion
23
[ 84]
1849
Astor Place Riot
mass unrest
22–31
[ 85] [ 86]
1902
Park Avenue Hotel fire
fire
21
[ 87]
1908
Gold Street explosion
explosion
20+
[ 88] [ 89]
1905
Allen Street tenement fire
fire
20+
[ 90]
1957
Northeast Airlines Flight 823
aircraft
20
[ 91]
1860
Elm Street tenement fire
fire
20
[ 92] : 30
1937
New Brighton tenement collapse
structural collapse
19
[ 93]
2022
2022 Bronx apartment fire
fire
17
[ 94]
1885
Glass House disaster
structural collapse
17
[ 95]
1928
1928 Times Square derailment
rail
16–18
[ 42] [ 96]
1895
Ireland Building collapse
structural collapse
16
[ 97]
1893
1893 Long Island Rail Road collision
rail
16
[ 98]
1902
Park Avenue Tunnel crash
rail
15–17
[ 99] [ 100]
2011
World Wide Tours bus crash
road
15
[ 101]
1902
Madison Square fireworks explosion
explosion
15
[ 102]
1883
Church of the Most Holy Redeemer school fire
fire
14–16
[ 103] [ 104]
1945
1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash
aircraft
14
[ 105]
2021
Hurricane Ida
weather
13
[ 106]
1968
Williamsburg apartment fire
fire
13
[ 107]
1905
Ninth Avenue derailment
rail
13
[ 108] [ 109]
1899
Andrews mansion fire
fire
13
[ 110]
1877
E. Greenfield candy factory fire
fire
13
[ 111]
2017
2017 Bronx apartment fire
fire
12
[ 112]
1970
1970 New York City gas explosion
explosion
12
[ 113]
1966
23rd Street Fire
fire
12
[ 114]
1915
Diamond Candy Company fire
fire
12
[ 115]
1883
1883 Brooklyn Bridge stampede
mass unrest
12
[ 116]
2003
2003 Staten Island Ferry crash
maritime
11
[ 117]
1975
LaGuardia Airport bombing
terrorism
11
[ 118]
1970
Trans International Airlines Flight 863
aircraft
11
[ 119]
1854
W. T. Jennings fire
fire
11
[ 92] : 29
1984
Palm Sunday massacre
homicide
10
[ 120]
1956
Bush Terminal explosion
explosion
10
[ 121]
1938
1938 New England hurricane
weather
10
[ 122]
1910
Grand Central Station explosion
explosion
10
[ 123]
2009
Hudson River mid-air collision
aircraft
9
[ 124]
1991
City College stampede
mass unrest
9
[ 125]
1977
Everard Baths fire
fire
9
[ 126]
1894
Newtown Creek Bridge disaster
structural collapse
9
[ 127]
2017
New York City truck attack
terrorism
8
[ 128]
2014
East Harlem gas explosion
explosion
8
[ 129]
1995
Freddy's Fashion Mart attack
homicide
8
[ 130]
1932
Ritz Tower Hotel fire and explosion
explosion
8
[ 131]
1923
1923 Brooklyn elevated train crash
rail
8
[ 132]
1902
1902 New York City Subway explosion
explosion
8
[ 133]
1870
First Orange Riot
mass unrest
8
[ 134]
1882
1882 Spuyten Duyvil train wreck
rail
8
[ 135]
1857
Dead Rabbits riot
mass unrest
8
[ 136]
2008
303 East 51st Street crane collapse
structural collapse
7
[ 137]
1915
1915 New York City Subway explosion
explosion
6–25
[ 138]
1917
Domino Sugar Refinery explosion
explosion
6–12
[ 139] [ 140]
1993
World Trade Center Bombing
terrorism
6
[ 141]
1978
Waldbaum's fire
fire
6
[ 142]
1967
1967 New York City freight train collision
rail
6
[ 143]
1962
Queens soap plant fire
fire
6
[ 92] : 109
1943
Harlem riot of 1943
mass unrest
6
[ 144]
1912
Equitable Life Building fire
fire
6
[ 145]
1891
1891 New York City train collision
rail
6
[ 146]
2018
2018 New York City helicopter crash
aircraft
5
[ 147]
1991
Union Square derailment
rail
5
[ 42] [ 148]
1977
Pan Am Building helicopter crash
aircraft
5
[ 149]
1959
American Airlines Flight 514
aircraft
5
[ 150]
1952
1952 Queens plane crash
aircraft
5
[ 151]
1946
40 Wall Street plane crash
aircraft
5
[ 152]
1901
1901 Staten Island Ferry crash
maritime
4–5
[ 153] [ 154]
2013
December 2013 Spuyten Duyvil derailment
rail
4
[ 155]
1975
Fraunces Tavern bombing
terrorism
4
[ 156]
1973
Broadway Central Hotel collapse
structural collapse
4
[ 157]
1947
North American blizzard of 1947
weather
4
[ 158]
1929
1929 New York City Subway collision
rail
4
[ 159]
1914
Lexington Avenue explosion
terrorism
4
[ 160]
1691
Leisler's Rebellion
warfare
4
[ 161] [ k]
1788
Doctors' riot
mass unrest
3–20
[ 162]
1989
Gramercy Park asbestos steam explosion
explosion
3
[ 163]
1970
Greenwich Village townhouse explosion
terrorism
3
[ 164]
1946
1946 St. George Terminal fire
fire
3
[ 165]
1935
Harlem riot of 1935
mass unrest
3
[ 166]
2015
East Village gas explosion
explosion
2
[ 167]
2006
2006 New York City plane crash
aircraft
2
[ 168]
1991
Crown Heights riot
mass unrest
2
[ 169]
1989
USAir Flight 5050
aircraft
2
[ 170]
1958
1958 East River collision
maritime
2
[ 171]
1947
1947 New York City smallpox outbreak
disease
2
[ 172]
1929
1929 Yankee Stadium stampede
mass unrest
2
[ 173]
1835
Great Fire of New York
fire
2
[ 174]
2020
2020 New York City Subway fire
rail
1
[ 175]
2019
2019 New York City helicopter crash
aircraft
1
[ 176]
2007
2007 New York City steam explosion
explosion
1
[ 163]
1995
Williamsburg Bridge subway collision
rail
1
[ 177]
1964
Harlem riot of 1964
mass unrest
1
[ 178]
1956
Sylvania Electric Products explosion
explosion
1
[ 179]
1949
Holland Tunnel fire
fire
1
[ 180]
1942
SS Normandie
maritime
1
[ 181]
1915
1915 New York City Subway fire
rail
1
[ 182]
1770
Battle of Golden Hill
warfare
0–1
[ 183]
2009
US Airways Flight 1549
aircraft
0
[ 184]
1975
Overseas National Airways Flight 032
aircraft
0
[ 185]
1969
1969 New York City gas explosion
explosion
0
[ 186] [ 187]
1919
1919 Standard Oil Company fire
fire
0
[ 188]
1866–present
Greenpoint oil spill
pollution
unknown
[ 189] [ l]
1776
Great Fire of New York
fire
unknown
[ 190] [ m]
1655
Peach War
warfare
unknown
[ n]
1643–1645
Kieft's War
warfare
unknown
[ o]
See also
Notes
^ New York State was on track to announce the end of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in 2020; however, due to an increase in HIV cases during the COVID-19 pandemic , this has been delayed until at least 2024.[ 2]
^ Lower limit includes confirmed deaths only; upper limit includes confirmed and probable deaths.
^ Includes deaths from pneumonia , which frequently results from influenza.
^ At least one other source reports only 714 deaths.[ 11]
^ At least one other source reports 1,866 deaths.[ 11]
^ The estimated death toll of "nearly 1,300" people is restricted to the (1896) cities of New York and Brooklyn ; the heat wave is considered to have killed approximately 1,500 people in total.[ 13] Other sources put the death toll at around 3,000 people.[ 14]
^ The exact death toll is uncertain, with various sources claiming at least 278,[ 21] approximately 295[ 22] or over 300 people died.[ 23]
^ Various sources place the death toll at 139,[ 31] 146,[ 32] 150[ 33] and 154 people.[ 34]
^ Death toll includes 45 recovered bodies and 41 missing persons.
^ Death toll includes nine white settlers plus an uncertain number of black slaves. Sources report that 20,[ 72] 21,[ 73] 23[ 74] or 27[ 75] slaves died either by execution or suicide.
^ Death toll includes two killed in battle and two subsequently executed.
^ The spill was discovered in 1978. Cleanup operations are ongoing.
^ The city had already been largely evacuated due to American Revolutionary War .
^ Various sources report 100 Dutch settlers killed across Hoboken (in modern day New Jersey ), Pavonia (now Jersey City , New Jersey), Staten Island and New Amsterdam (Lower Manhattan ), along with 150 taken hostage.[ 191] The number killed in what comprises New York City today is unknown, although one self-published source reports zero deaths in New Amsterdam.[ 192] The number of Native Americans killed is unknown.
^ The year 1642 became known as "the year of blood" among Dutch colonists. Historian John Romeyn Brodhead described the Native American revolt as a "devastating tide" that "rolled over the island of Manhattan itself. From its northern extremity to the Kolck [southern tip], there were now no more than five or six bouweries [large farms] left; and these were 'threatened by the Indians every night with fire, and by day with the slaughter of people and cattle.'"[ 193] [ 194]
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^ Brodhead, John Romeyn (1853). History of the State of New York . Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers . p. 360.
[[Category:New York City-related lists|Disasters]